Selenium with Python 002 - 快速入門

1、簡單實例演示

1.建立 python_org_search.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

# 建立Chrome驅動實例
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 啓動瀏覽器而且導航到指定URL
driver.get("http://www.python.org")
# 斷言「Python」出如今瀏覽器標題
assert "Python" in driver.title
# 定位name屬性爲「q"的元素
elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
# 清空文本輸入框，輸入文字"pycon",而後回車
elem.clear()
elem.send_keys("pycon")
elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
# 斷言"No results found."不包含在當前頁面源代碼中
assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source
# 關閉瀏覽器
driver.close()

2.運行腳本

python python_org_search.py

 

2、使用Selenium編寫測試用例

selenium package 自己並不提供測試框架，咱們能夠經過Python’s unittest module 來編寫組織咱們的測試用例，以下實例 「python.org 搜索功能的測試用例」 

test_python_org_search.py：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys


class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):
    """ 用例類繼承unittest.TestCase """

    def setUp(self):
        """ 用例初始化，每一個用例執行以前調用，一般用於初始化測試環境"""
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        """測試用例XXX，方法命名一般以test_開頭"""
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get("http://www.python.org")
        self.assertIn("Python", driver.title)
        elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
        elem.send_keys("pycon")
        elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
        assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source

    def tearDown(self):
        """用例銷燬，每一個用例執行完成後調用，一般用於銷燬測試環境"""

        self.driver.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()  # 執行測試用例集

 

運行測試用例

python test_python_org_search.py

.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 9.171s

OK

 

3、Selenium 分佈式測試

    Selenium Grid 能夠在不一樣的主機上創建主節點(hub)和分支節點(node)，能夠使主節點上的測試用例在不一樣的分支節點上運行。對於不一樣的節點來講，能夠搭建不一樣的測試環境（操做系統，瀏覽器），從而使一份測試用例獲得不一樣環境下的執行結果。

    Grid2再也不提供單獨的包，其功能已經集成到SeleniumServer中。

一、啓動主節點hub：要使用遠程WebDriver，必須先啓動Selenium Server，啓動後，以下提示，則說明主節點hub已經成功啓動

D:\selenium>java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.5.0.jar -role hub
08:39:26.494 INFO - Selenium build info: version: '3.5.0', revision: '8def36e068'
08:39:26.495 INFO - Launching Selenium Grid hub
2017-08-21 08:39:27.269:INFO::main: Logging initialized @1003ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog
08:39:27.288 INFO - Will listen on 4444
2017-08-21 08:39:27.352:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.5.v20170502
2017-08-21 08:39:27.385:INFO:osjs.session:main: DefaultSessionIdManager workerName=node0
2017-08-21 08:39:27.386:INFO:osjs.session:main: No SessionScavenger set, using defaults
2017-08-21 08:39:27.389:INFO:osjs.session:main: Scavenging every 600000ms
2017-08-21 08:39:27.399:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.ServletContextHandler@64f6106c{/,null,AVAILABLE}
2017-08-21 08:39:27.420:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@10dba097{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:4444}
2017-08-21 08:39:27.422:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @1156ms
08:39:27.423 INFO - Nodes should register to http://10.1.102.68:4444/grid/register/

2.啓動分支節點(node):

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.5.0.jar -role node -port 5555

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.5.0.jar -role node -port 5556

啓動成功，可見以下提示

D:\selenium>java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.5.0.jar -role node -port 5555
08:40:10.588 INFO - Selenium build info: version: '3.5.0', revision: '8def36e068'
08:40:10.589 INFO - Launching a Selenium Grid node
2017-08-21 08:40:11.283:INFO::main: Logging initialized @941ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog
08:40:11.328 INFO - Driver class not found: com.opera.core.systems.OperaDriver
08:40:11.349 INFO - Driver provider class org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver registration is skipped:
 registration capabilities Capabilities [{browserName=safari, version=, platform=MAC}] does not match the current platform VISTA
08:40:11.372 INFO - Using the passthrough mode handler
2017-08-21 08:40:11.395:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.5.v20170502
2017-08-21 08:40:11.418:WARN:osjs.SecurityHandler:main: ServletContext@o.s.j.s.ServletContextHandler@6a28ffa4{/,null,STARTING} has uncovered 
http methods for path: /
2017-08-21 08:40:11.430:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.ServletContextHandler@6a28ffa4{/,null,AVAILABLE}
2017-08-21 08:40:11.445:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@7714e963{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:5555}
2017-08-21 08:40:11.460:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @1118ms
08:40:11.460 INFO - Selenium Grid node is up and ready to register to the hub
08:40:11.477 INFO - Starting auto registration thread. Will try to register every 5000 ms.
08:40:11.477 INFO - Registering the node to the hub: http://localhost:4444/grid/register
08:40:11.620 INFO - The node is registered to the hub and ready to use

經過主節點控制器能夠看到鏈接到hub的全部node信息 http://127.0.0.1:4444/grid/console

3.經過Remote配置測試用例在節點上執行。

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from selenium.webdriver import Remote

# 定義主機與瀏覽器
lists = {
    'http://127.0.0.1:5555/wd/hub': 'chrome',
    'http://127.0.0.1:5556/wd/hub': 'firefox',
}

# 經過不一樣的瀏覽器執行腳本
for host, browser in lists.items():
    print(host, browser)
    driver = Remote(command_executor=host, desired_capabilities={
        'platform': 'ANY',
        'browserName': browser,
        'version': '',
        'javascriptEnabled': True
    })

    driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
    driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(browser)
    driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()

 

4、Selenium 調用遠程Webdriver

上面啓動的hub與node都是在同一臺主機上，要想在其餘主機上啓動node，則必須知足如下要求：

• 本地hub主機與遠程node主機之間能夠用ping命令連通
• 遠程主機必須按照用例執行的瀏覽器及驅動，而且驅動要放在環境變量path的目錄下
• 遠程主機必須安裝Java環境，由於須要運行Selenium Server

啓動步驟：

1.啓動本地hub主機（假設本機IP爲：10.1.102.68）

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.5.0.jar -role hub

2.啓動遠程node主機（假設IP地址爲：10.1.102.75）

java -jar selenium-server-standalone-3.5.0.jar -role node -port 5555 -hub http://10.1.102.68:4444/grid/register

 

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