目錄html
指明各類安裝前配置,如鍵盤類型等linux
必備命令:
authconfig:認證方式配置
authconfig --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader:bootloader的安裝位置及相關配置
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda –
append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
keyboard:設定鍵盤類型
ang:語言類型
part:建立分區
rootpw:指明root的密碼
timezone:時區vim
可選命令
install OR upgrade
text:文本安裝界面
network
firewall
selinux
halt
poweroff
reboot
repo
user:安裝完成後爲系統建立新用戶
url: 指明安裝源
key –skip 跳過安裝號碼,適用於rhel版本centos
指明要安裝的程序包組或程序包,不安裝的程序包等
%packages
@group_name
檢查ks⽂件語法錯誤:
ksvalidator /path/to/ks.cfg服務器
%pre:安裝前腳本
運行環境:運行於安裝介質上的微型Linux環境
%post:安裝後腳本
運行環境:安裝完成的系統
安裝後腳本很是有用,咱們能夠在這裏定義系統安裝完成後自動安裝yum源,建立一些普通用戶等功能。
生成ks應答文件方法:
1.參照anaconda-ks.cfg文件修改(不經常使用)
2.利用system-config-kickstart圖形工具製做(經常使用)網絡
檢查ks⽂件語法錯誤:
ksvalidator /path/to/ks.cfgapp
系統安裝程序anaconda以及光盤中isolinux目錄的功能: anaconda:系統安裝程序 anaconda安裝系統可分爲三個階段: 安裝前配置階段: 安裝過程使用的語言; 鍵盤類型; 安裝目標存儲設備; Basic Storage:本地磁盤; 特殊設備:iSCSI; 設定主機名; 配置網絡接口; 時區; 管理員密碼; 設定分區方式及MBR的安裝位置; 建立一個普通用戶; 選定要安裝的程序包;
系統在完成安裝後,會在⽤戶家⽬錄⾃動⽣成⼀個anaconda-ks.cfg配置⽂件,記錄了安裝系統時選擇的各類參數,安裝
包等內容。dom
系統光盤中isolinux目錄列表文件說明: boot.cat:相似於系統啓動時MBR的做用 grub.conf:grub.conf文件鏡像 initrd.img:是ramfs虛擬文件系統(先cpio,再gzip壓縮) isolinux.bin:至關於grub的第二階段 isolinux.cfg:isolinux.bin的配置文件,當光盤啓動,會自動去找isolinux.cfg文件 memtest:內存檢測,這是一個獨立程序 splash.jpg:光盤啓動界面的背景圖 vesamenu.c32:菜單風格,菜單圖標 vmlinuz:內核鏡像。 可用的centos6系統。
一、系統默認未安裝system-config-kickstart,先進⾏yum安裝ssh
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install system-config-kickstart.noarch
二、運⾏kickstart(會生成一個圖形化工具)ide
[root@centos7 ~]#system-config-kickstart
設置這個以前你要作一個http的yum倉庫。
寫安裝後後文件使新的操做系統擁有必定功能
[06:19:58 root@centos html]#ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:uaSUcve3zpBKOHXaa5XQb+G1+nkaShHt7Q//qiqHgiI root@centos.yang.com The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | | | . | | .. . | | . .. .o...| | . + S ...+.oo| | + * * .o.+o | | .+ +.=.o.+ .| |E . . .oo.o* + ++| | . . ..+oo*.+=*| +----[SHA256]-----+ (生成ssh的公鑰私鑰對) [06:32:04 root@centos html]# [06:32:04 root@centos html]#ssh-copy-id 127.0.0.1 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" The authenticity of host '127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:5mW0aEb7Z8qFTeDBRng6t5CFhjujGSdYa5vp1S6rq80. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:28:3a:27:1a:ab:1c:a0:c5:5c:a6:f2:50:23:f4:77:3f. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@127.0.0.1's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '127.0.0.1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added. (把文件拷貝到本地) [06:49:34 root@centos ~]#cd .ssh [06:49:51 root@centos .ssh]#ls authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts [06:49:55 root@centos .ssh]#ll(查看authorized_keys權限) total 16 -rw------- 1 root root 402 Nov 12 06:48 authorized_keys -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Nov 12 06:32 id_rsa -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 402 Nov 12 06:32 id_rsa.pub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2053 Nov 12 06:48 known_hosts [06:50:10 root@centos .ssh]#cd .. [06:50:20 root@centos ~]#ll -d .ssh (查看.ssh目錄權限) drwx------. 2 root root 80 Nov 12 06:48 .ssh (腳本里的權限要和這裏的同樣。) [06:50:31 root@centos ~]#cat .ssh/authorized_keys (查看公鑰複製與腳本里做爲key驗證使用。) ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDTQNHJOrFP0eljtDEpsU4SH0lzrZ/uK9IJgwiVo0Cem0g57xtf8k52WxlOXJO6OhV4C2oEWh0i2wUZtKIOStrDgPO17xWIt2ogEgPVj2OGS5MBdDi0IpVEg++P/HhG+69hHPK7VngYW3pHCnOfO4cuQ3oxIemg2Yk8AsVlrKLkfmhJIy9Cluc8yxO9aACsZ+SqejNR+uWZsGHIs/teJdeQF9QwgHr/1DwvbupoAN0Y7ZqVFzdSATGOb0QO1L+4Vj6tjd0pRnOAyoTc6oQl+3XWTrfdTWvSJJRtNWbAd0xSnE5mOgIL9lhr3SdnnJtBbHjY0A57uqV3kZ7WZShToOyh root@centos.yang.com
到這裏基本上應答文件就已經制做完成了,不滿意的話能夠在進行修改。
[root@centos7 ~]#vim ks7_mini2.cfg
以後把製做好的應答文件放到以前的http服務器上
[06:51:04 root@centos ~]#cd /var/www/html/ [07:46:42 root@centos html]# [07:46:44 root@centos html]#ls centos [07:46:45 root@centos html]#mkdir ksdir [07:46:55 root@centos html]#ls centos ksdir [07:46:57 root@centos html]#pwd /var/www/html [07:47:12 root@centos html]#cd ksdir/ [07:47:22 root@centos ksdir]#pwd /var/www/html/ksdir [root@centos7 ~]#vim ks7_mini2.cfg [root@centos7 ~]#scp ks7_mini2.cfg 192.168.39.121:/var/www/html/ksdir
以後再從新使用vmr製做一個虛擬機
在這個界面按Esc鍵進入anaconda界面
以後輸入http的路徑
回車系統就會自動安裝了,不用在手動管理了。
這裏看一下key驗證有沒有實現。
[09:14:08 root@centos ~]#scp 1.txt 192.168.39.135:/root/ The authenticity of host '192.168.39.135 (192.168.39.135)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:XIqej+HofAyUdoNtkcyK9myMo5LaGYjBx4qkWNUjnuI. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6e:cf:b7:a5:99:ce:a6:05:ae:cb:41:d7:a5:17:2e:15. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.39.135' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. 1.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00 [09:14:32 root@centos ~]#scp xiangqi2_while.sh 192.168.39.135:/root/ xiangqi2_while.sh 100% 819 419.8KB/s 00:00 (第一次輸了yes第二次什麼也沒輸key驗證登陸成功) [root@localhost ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:7d:42:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.39.135/24 brd 192.168.39.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0 valid_lft 1653sec preferred_lft 1653sec inet6 fe80::c95d:730e:fbfe:7644/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]# ls 1.txt anaconda-ks.cfg original-ks.cfg xiangqi2_while.sh
(到這這個半自動化的系統安裝已經完成,注意幾點這個實驗我事先配好了http的yum倉庫)