oracle經過軟鏈接裸設備建庫

最近發現網上關於在linux劃lv綁定裸設備建庫的文章或多或少都有很多問題，容易誤導初學者，故整理了個裸盤下直接建庫的前期操做步驟。

os:redhat 4.4

首先，在vm虛擬機上添加一塊硬盤，進入系統建立分區，咱們以sdc1來劃分lv

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l  –查看如今有分區

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *         262        2610    18868342+  83  Linux

/dev/sda2               1         261     2096451   82  Linux swap

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1   *           1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

建立pv

[root@oracle ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1    –建立pv
Physical volume 「/dev/sdc1″ successfully created
[root@oracle ~]# pvdisplay /dev/sdc1    –查看pv信息
— Physical volume —

PV Name               /dev/sdc1

VG Name               oradata

PV Size               19.99 GB / not usable 0

Allocatable           yes

PE Size (KByte)       4096

Total PE              5118

Free PE               4955

Allocated PE          163

PV UUID               ol7T1b-telA-LOqC-Z0GR-ZGqN-f01o-QJT1KC

建立vg
[root@oracle ~]# vgcreate oradata /dev/sdc1
Volume group 「oradata」 successfully created

[root@oracle ~]# vgdisplay    –查看vg信息

— Volume group —

VG Name               oradata

System ID

Format                lvm2

Metadata Areas        1

Metadata Sequence No  6

VG Access             read/write

VG Status             resizable

MAX LV                0

Cur LV                5

Open LV               3

Max PV                0

Cur PV                1

Act PV                1

VG Size               19.99 GB

PE Size               4.00 MB

Total PE              5118

Alloc PE / Size       163 / 652.00 MB

Free  PE / Size       4955 / 19.36 GB

VG UUID               Ohi2XZ-39PR-WH4m-WMgq-DyMY-eMZX-9CgbVi

建立lv

[root@oracle ~]# lvcreate -n system01 -L 200M oradata
Logical volume 「system01″ created

[root@oracle ~]# lvcreate -n undotbs01 -L 200M oradata
Logical volume 」 undotbs01″ created
[root@oracle ~]# lvcreate -n control01 -L 50M oradata
Logical volume 」 control01″ created
[root@oracle ~]# lvcreate -n redo01 -L 100M oradata
Logical volume 」 redo01″ created
[root@oracle ~]# lvcreate -n redo02 -L 100M oradata
Logical volume 」 redo02″ created

查看lv

[root@oracle ~]# lvscan

ACTIVE            ‘/dev/oradata/system01′ [200.00 MB] inherit

ACTIVE            ‘/dev/oradata/undotbs’ [200.00 MB] inherit

ACTIVE            ‘/dev/oradata/redo01′ [100.00 MB] inherit

ACTIVE            ‘/dev/oradata/redo02′ [100.00 MB] inherit

ACTIVE            ‘/dev/oradata/control01′ [52.00 MB] inherit

賦權

[root@oracle ~]# cd /dev/mapper

[root@oracle mapper]# ll

total 0

crw——-   1 root root      10, 63 Aug 21 14:28 control

brw-rw—-  1 root root 253,  4 Aug 21 18:38 oradata-control01

brw-rw—-  1 root root 253,  2 Aug 21 18:22 oradata-redo01

brw-rw—-  1 root root 253,  3 Aug 21 18:22 oradata-redo02

brw-rw—-  1 root root 253,  0 Aug 21 18:20 oradata-system01

brw-rw—-  1 root root 253,  1 Aug 21 18:21 oradata-undotbs

[root@oracle mapper]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /dev/mapper/oradata*

[root@oracle ~]# cd /dev/mapper

[root@oracle mapper]# ll

total 0

crw——-  1 root   root      10, 63 Aug 21 14:28 control

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  4 Aug 21 18:38 oradata-control01

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  2 Aug 21 18:22 oradata-redo01

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  3 Aug 21 18:22 oradata-redo02

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  0 Aug 21 18:20 oradata-system01

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  1 Aug 21 18:21 oradata-undotbs

[root@oracle ~]# cd /dev/oradata/

[root@oracle oradata]# ll

total 0

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 29 Aug 21 18:38 control01 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-control01

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 26 Aug 21 18:22 redo01 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-redo01

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 26 Aug 21 18:22 redo02 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-redo02

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 28 Aug 21 18:20 system01 -> /dev/mapper/oradata-system01

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 27 Aug 21 18:21 undotbs -> /dev/mapper/oradata-undotbs

綁定裸設備

[root@oracle oradata]# raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/mapper/oradata-system01  –注意，以前是沒有/dev/raw目錄的，執行後會自動建立

dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major 253, minor 0

[root@oracle oradata]# raw /dev/raw/raw2 /dev/mapper/oradata-undotbs1

dev/raw/raw2:  bound to major 253, minor 1

[root@oracle oradata]# raw /dev/raw/raw3 /dev/mapper/oradata-redo01

dev/raw/raw3:  bound to major 253, minor 2

[root@oracle oradata]# raw /dev/raw/raw4 /dev/mapper/oradata-redo02

dev/raw/raw4:  bound to major 253, minor 3

[root@oracle oradata]# raw /dev/raw/raw5 /dev/mapper/oradata-control01

dev/raw/raw5:  bound to major 253, minor 4

爲了保證重啓後，能夠掛載裸設備，修改下面文件，添加內容
# This file and interface are deprecated.

# Applications needing raw device access should open regular

# block devices with O_DIRECT.

# raw device bindings

# format:  <rawdev> <major> <minor>

#          <rawdev> <blockdev>

# example: /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1

#          /dev/raw/raw2 8 5

/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/mapper/oradata-system01

/dev/raw/raw2 /dev/mapper/oradata-undotbs

/dev/raw/raw3 /dev/mapper/oradata-redo01

/dev/raw/raw4 /dev/mapper/oradata-redo02

/dev/raw/raw5 /dev/mapper/oradata-control01

重啓裸設備服務，驗證是否能掛載
[root@oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/rawdevices restart

Assigning devices:

/dev/raw/raw1  –>   /dev/mapper/oradata-system01

/dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major 253, minor 0

/dev/raw/raw2  –>   /dev/mapper/oradata-undotbs

/dev/raw/raw2:  bound to major 253, minor 1

/dev/raw/raw3  –>   /dev/mapper/oradata-redo01

/dev/raw/raw3:  bound to major 253, minor 2

/dev/raw/raw4  –>   /dev/mapper/oradata-redo02

/dev/raw/raw4:  bound to major 253, minor 3

/dev/raw/raw5  –>   /dev/mapper/oradata-control01

/dev/raw/raw5:  bound to major 253, minor 4

done

給新建立的裸設備增長權限，以使oracle能使用
[root@oracle ~]# cd /dev/mapper

[root@oracle mapper]# ll

total 0

crw——-  1 root   root      10, 63 Aug 21 14:28 control

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  4 Aug 21 18:38 oradata-control01

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  2 Aug 21 18:22 oradata-redo01

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  3 Aug 21 18:22 oradata-redo02

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  0 Aug 21 18:20 oradata-system01

brw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 253,  1 Aug 21 18:21 oradata-undotbs

[root@oracle mapper]# ls -l /dev/raw

total 0

crw-rw—-  1 root disk 162, 1 Aug 21 19:43 raw1

crw-rw—-  1 root disk162, 2 Aug 21 19:43 raw2

crw-rw—-  1 root disk 162, 3 Aug 21 19:43 raw3

crw-rw—-  1 root disk 162, 4 Aug 21 19:43 raw4

crw-rw—-  1 root disk 162, 5 Aug 21 19:43 raw5

這地方的權限不能直接使用chown –R oracle:oinstall /dev/raw/raw*來修改，因爲因爲/dev下的文件都是動態創建的，因此在OS重啓後，屬主仍會變成root:disk，要解決這個問題，能夠把上面的命令寫入到50-udev.permissions文件中, 這樣每次開機後能夠從新改變屬主。

修改/etc/udev/permissions.d/50-udev.permissions文件

採用:/raw搜索

將raw/*:root:disk:0660

修改成raw/*:oracle:oinstall:0660，這個的意思是修改裸設備的默認屬主爲oracle:oinstall，默認的mode是0660。

修改完後再經過chown –R oracle:oinstall /dev/raw/raw*來賦權。

[root@oracle ~]# cd /dev/raw/

[root@oracle raw]# ll

total 0

crw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 162, 1 Aug 21 19:43 raw1

crw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 162, 2 Aug 21 19:43 raw2

crw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 162, 3 Aug 21 19:43 raw3

crw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 162, 4 Aug 21 19:43 raw4

crw-rw—-  1 oracle oinstall 162, 5 Aug 21 19:43 raw5

隨後建立軟鏈接

[oracle@oracle prod2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod2

[oracle@oracle prod2]$ ln -s /dev/raw/raw1 system01.dbf

[oracle@oracle prod2]$ ln –s /dev/raw/raw2 undotbs1.dbf

[oracle@oracle prod2]$ ln –s /dev/raw/raw3 redo01.rdo

[oracle@oracle prod2]$ ln –s /dev/raw/raw4 redo02.rdo

[oracle@oracle prod2]$ ln –s /dev/raw/raw5 control01.ctl

到這裏爲止，隨後建立數據庫無論你用手動建庫仍是dbca建基本都是差很少的操做，關鍵仍是前面劃lv和在linux下裸設備的綁定。