參考:http://www.lampchina.NET/article/htmls/201006/Mjg4MDMy.htmlhtml
注意:參考文獻中有一些函數是不能編譯經過的。linux
編譯環境:gcc 4.4.3windows
在windows中,咱們能夠指定__declspec(dllexport)定義來控制導出函數,在Linux下,咱們也有相似的控制參數。ruby
在GCC幫助文檔 -fvisibility=default|internal|hidden|protected參數下有這樣一段描述:ide
a superior solution made possible by this option to marking things hidden when the default is public is to make the default hidden and mark things public. This is the norm with DLL's on Windows and with -fvisibility=hidden and "__attribute__ ((visibility("default")))" instead of "__declspec(dllexport)" you get almost identical semantics with identical syntax. This is a great boon to those working with cross-platform projects.函數
須要瞭解的是,在linux下,源文件中的全部函數都有一個默認的visibility屬性爲public,在編譯命令中加入-fvisibility=hidden參數,會將全部默認的public的屬性變爲hidden。此時,若是對函數設置__attribute__ ((visibility("default")))參數,使特定的函數仍然按默認的public屬性處理,則-fvisibility=hidden參數不會對該函數起做用。因此,設置了-fvisibility=hidden參數以後,只有設置了__attribute__ ((visibility("default")))的函數纔是對外可見的,如此則效果等同於Visual Studio下的__declspec(dllexport)定義。this
下面看一個例子:orm
[cpp] view plain copy
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
extern int test (int i);
__attribute ((visibility("default"))) int test2 (int i)
{
test(i);
printf("this is test2/n");
}
int test3 (int i)
{
printf("this is test 3/n");
}
此時調用如下命令編譯:htm
[ruby] view plain copy
gcc -shared -o test.so -fvisibility=hidden test.c
能夠得到test.so文件,用如下命令查看so文件屬性:文檔
[ruby] view plain copy
readelf -s test.so
獲得如下結果:
[c-sharp] view plain copy Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 12 entries: Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name 0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND 1: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__ 2: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses 3: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND test 4: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND puts@GLIBC_2.0 (2) 5: 00000000 0 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT UND __cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.1.3 (3) 6: 00002014 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _end 7: 0000200c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _edata 8: 0000049c 31 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 12 test2 9: 0000200c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS __bss_start 10: 00000380 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 10 _init 11: 00000508 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 _fini Symbol table '.symtab' contains 56 entries: Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name 0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND 1: 000000f4 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1 2: 00000118 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2 3: 0000015c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3 4: 00000198 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4 5: 00000258 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5 6: 000002e0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6 7: 000002f8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7 8: 00000328 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8 9: 00000370 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9 10: 00000380 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10 11: 000003b0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11 12: 000003e0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12 13: 00000508 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13 14: 00000524 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14 15: 00000544 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15 16: 00001f04 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16 17: 00001f0c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17 18: 00001f14 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18 19: 00001f18 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19 20: 00001fe8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20 21: 00001ff4 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21 22: 00002008 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22 23: 0000200c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23 24: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24 25: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c 26: 00001f04 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 16 __CTOR_LIST__ 27: 00001f0c 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __DTOR_LIST__ 28: 00001f14 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __JCR_LIST__ 29: 000003e0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 __do_global_dtors_aux 30: 0000200c 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 23 completed.7021 31: 00002010 4 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 23 dtor_idx.7023 32: 00000460 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 frame_dummy 33: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c 34: 00001f08 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 16 __CTOR_END__ 35: 00000544 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 15 __FRAME_END__ 36: 00001f14 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __JCR_END__ 37: 000004d0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 12 __do_global_ctors_aux 38: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS test.c 39: 00001ff4 0 OBJECT LOCAL HIDDEN ABS _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ 40: 00002008 0 OBJECT LOCAL HIDDEN 22 __dso_handle 41: 00001f10 0 OBJECT LOCAL HIDDEN 17 __DTOR_END__ 42: 000004bb 20 FUNC LOCAL HIDDEN 12 test3 43: 00000497 0 FUNC LOCAL HIDDEN 12 __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx 44: 00001f18 0 OBJECT LOCAL HIDDEN ABS _DYNAMIC 45: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__ 46: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses 47: 00000508 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 _fini 48: 0000049c 31 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 12 test2 49: 0000200c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS __bss_start 50: 00000000 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT UND test 51: 00002014 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _end 52: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND puts@@GLIBC_2.0 53: 0000200c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _edata 54: 00000000 0 FUNC WEAK DEFAULT UND __cxa_finalize@@GLIBC_2.1 55: 00000380 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 10 _init 能夠看出,so文件中包含test2()和test3()這兩個函數,而且test2()的屬性爲default(便可見),而test3()的屬性則爲hidden(不可見)。