SpringBoot+WebSocket+Netty實現消息推送

上一篇文章講了Netty的理論基礎,這一篇講一下Netty在項目中的應用場景之一:消息推送功能,能夠知足給全部用戶推送,也能夠知足給指定某一個用戶推送消息,建立的是SpringBoot項目,後臺服務端使用Netty技術,前端頁面使用WebSocket技術。javascript

大概實現思路:html

  1. 前端使用webSocket與服務端建立鏈接的時候,將用戶ID傳給服務端
  2. 服務端將用戶ID與channel關聯起來存儲,同時將channel放入到channel組中
  3. 若是須要給全部用戶發送消息,直接執行channel組的writeAndFlush()方法
  4. 若是須要給指定用戶發送消息,根據用戶ID查詢到對應的channel,而後執行writeAndFlush()方法
  5. 前端獲取到服務端推送的消息以後,將消息內容展現到文本域中

下面是具體的代碼實現,基本上每一步操做都配有註釋說明,配合註釋看應該仍是比較容易理解的。前端

**第零步:**引入Netty的依賴,和一個工具包(只用到了json工具,可用其餘json工具代替)java

<dependency>
  <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
  <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> 
  <version>4.1.33.Final</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
  <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
  <version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
複製代碼

**第一步:**在NettyConfig中定義一個channel組,管理全部的channel,再定義一個map,管理用戶與channel的對應關係。web

package com.sixj.nettypush.config;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-15:07 */
public class NettyConfig {
    /** * 定義一個channel組,管理全部的channel * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件執行器,是一個單例 */
    private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);

    /** * 存放用戶與Chanel的對應信息,用於給指定用戶發送消息 */
    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> userChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    private NettyConfig() {}
    
    /** * 獲取channel組 * @return */
    public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() {
        return channelGroup;
    }

    /** * 獲取用戶channel map * @return */
    public static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> getUserChannelMap(){
        return userChannelMap;
    }
}

複製代碼

**第二步:**建立NettyServer,定義兩個EventLoopGroup,bossGroup輔助客戶端的tcp鏈接請求, workGroup負責與客戶端以前的讀寫操做,須要說明的是,須要開啓一個新的線程來執行netty server,要否則會阻塞主線程,到時候就沒法調用項目的其餘controller接口了。spring

package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:44 */

@Component
public class NettyServer{
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
    /** * webSocket協議名 */
    private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket";

    /** * 端口號 */
    @Value("${webSocket.netty.port:58080}")
    private int port;

    /** * webSocket路徑 */
    @Value("${webSocket.netty.path:/webSocket}")
    private String webSocketPath;

    @Autowired
    private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler;

    private EventLoopGroup bossGroup;
    private EventLoopGroup workGroup;

    /** * 啓動 * @throws InterruptedException */
    private void start() throws InterruptedException {
        bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        // bossGroup輔助客戶端的tcp鏈接請求, workGroup負責與客戶端以前的讀寫操做
        bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup);
        // 設置NIO類型的channel
        bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
        // 設置監聽端口
        bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        // 鏈接到達時會建立一個通道
        bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                // 流水線管理通道中的處理程序(Handler),用來處理業務
                // webSocket協議自己是基於http協議的,因此這邊也要使用http編解碼器
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder());
                // 以塊的方式來寫的處理器
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
                /* 說明: 一、http數據在傳輸過程當中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator能夠將多個段聚合 二、這就是爲何,當瀏覽器發送大量數據時,就會發送屢次http請求 */
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
                /* 說明: 一、對應webSocket,它的數據是以幀(frame)的形式傳遞 二、瀏覽器請求時 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示請求的uri 三、核心功能是將http協議升級爲ws協議,保持長鏈接 */
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, true, 65536 * 10));
                // 自定義的handler,處理業務邏輯
                ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler);

            }
        });
        // 配置完成,開始綁定server,經過調用sync同步方法阻塞直到綁定成功
        ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync();
        log.info("Server started and listen on:{}",channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
        // 對關閉通道進行監聽
        channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
    }

    /** * 釋放資源 * @throws InterruptedException */
    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() throws InterruptedException {
        if(bossGroup != null){
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
        if(workGroup != null){
            workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
        }
    }
    @PostConstruct()
    public void init() {
        //須要開啓一個新的線程來執行netty server 服務器
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                start();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}
複製代碼

第三步: 具體實現業務的WebSocketHandler,具體實現邏輯看註釋json

package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket;

import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.sixj.nettypush.config.NettyConfig;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.AttributeKey;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


/** * TextWebSocketFrame類型, 表示一個文本幀 * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:47 */
@Component
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);

    /** * 一旦鏈接,第一個被執行 * @param ctx * @throws Exception */
    @Override
    public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        log.info("handlerAdded 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
        // 添加到channelGroup 通道組
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel());
    }

    /** * 讀取數據 */
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
        log.info("服務器收到消息:{}",msg.text());

        // 獲取用戶ID,關聯channel
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text());
        String uid = jsonObject.getStr("uid");
        NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel());

        // 將用戶ID做爲自定義屬性加入到channel中,方便隨時channel中獲取用戶ID
        AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
        ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid);

        // 回覆消息
        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服務器鏈接成功!"));
    }

    @Override
    public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        log.info("handlerRemoved 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
        // 刪除通道
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
        removeUserId(ctx);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        log.info("異常:{}",cause.getMessage());
        // 刪除通道
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
        removeUserId(ctx);
        ctx.close();
    }

    /** * 刪除用戶與channel的對應關係 * @param ctx */
    private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){
        AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
        String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get();
        NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId);
    }
}

複製代碼

**第四步:**具體消息推送的接口bootstrap

public interface PushService {
    /** * 推送給指定用戶 * @param userId * @param msg */
    void pushMsgToOne(String userId,String msg);

    /** * 推送給全部用戶 * @param msg */
    void pushMsgToAll(String msg);
}
複製代碼

接口實現類:後端

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:10 */
@Service
public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService {

    @Override
    public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg){
        ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> userChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap();
        Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId);
        channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
    }
    @Override
    public void pushMsgToAll(String msg){
        NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
    }
}

複製代碼

controller:瀏覽器

package com.sixj.nettypush.controller;

import com.sixj.nettypush.service.PushService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:08 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/push")
public class PushController {

    @Autowired
    private PushService pushService;

    /** * 推送給全部用戶 * @param msg */
    @PostMapping("/pushAll")
    public void pushToAll(@RequestParam("msg") String msg){
        pushService.pushMsgToAll(msg);
    }
    /** * 推送給指定用戶 * @param userId * @param msg */
    @PostMapping("/pushOne")
    public void pushMsgToOne(@RequestParam("userId") String userId,@RequestParam("msg") String msg){
        pushService.pushMsgToOne(userId,msg);
    }

}
複製代碼

**第五步:**前端html頁面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script> var socket; // 判斷當前瀏覽器是否支持webSocket if(window.WebSocket){ socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.174.25:58080/webSocket") // 至關於channel的read事件,ev 收到服務器回送的消息 socket.onmessage = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data; } // 至關於鏈接開啓 socket.onopen = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = "鏈接開啓了..." socket.send( JSON.stringify({ // 鏈接成功將,用戶ID傳給服務端 uid: "123456" }) ); } // 至關於鏈接關閉 socket.onclose = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "鏈接關閉了..."; } }else{ alert("當前瀏覽器不支持webSocket") } </script>
    <form onsubmit="return false">
        <textarea id="responseText" style="height: 150px; width: 300px;"></textarea>
        <input type="button" value="清空內容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
    </form>
</body>
</html>
複製代碼

目前爲止,全部代碼已經寫完了,測試一下

首先運行這個html文件,會看到服務端給前端返回的消息「服務器鏈接成功了!」,後端日誌會打印服務器收到消息:{"uid":"123456"}

而後使用postman測試推送的接口

測試成功,打完收工~ 若有疑問,能夠在公衆號後臺聯繫我

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索