上一篇文章講了Netty的理論基礎,這一篇講一下Netty在項目中的應用場景之一:消息推送功能,能夠知足給全部用戶推送,也能夠知足給指定某一個用戶推送消息,建立的是SpringBoot項目,後臺服務端使用Netty技術,前端頁面使用WebSocket技術。javascript
大概實現思路:html
- 前端使用webSocket與服務端建立鏈接的時候,將用戶ID傳給服務端
- 服務端將用戶ID與channel關聯起來存儲,同時將channel放入到channel組中
- 若是須要給全部用戶發送消息,直接執行channel組的writeAndFlush()方法
- 若是須要給指定用戶發送消息,根據用戶ID查詢到對應的channel,而後執行writeAndFlush()方法
- 前端獲取到服務端推送的消息以後,將消息內容展現到文本域中
下面是具體的代碼實現,基本上每一步操做都配有註釋說明,配合註釋看應該仍是比較容易理解的。前端
**第零步:**引入Netty的依賴,和一個工具包(只用到了json工具,可用其餘json工具代替)java
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.33.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
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**第一步:**在NettyConfig中定義一個channel組,管理全部的channel,再定義一個map,管理用戶與channel的對應關係。web
package com.sixj.nettypush.config;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-15:07 */
public class NettyConfig {
/** * 定義一個channel組,管理全部的channel * GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE 是全局的事件執行器,是一個單例 */
private static ChannelGroup channelGroup = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
/** * 存放用戶與Chanel的對應信息,用於給指定用戶發送消息 */
private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> userChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private NettyConfig() {}
/** * 獲取channel組 * @return */
public static ChannelGroup getChannelGroup() {
return channelGroup;
}
/** * 獲取用戶channel map * @return */
public static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Channel> getUserChannelMap(){
return userChannelMap;
}
}
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**第二步:**建立NettyServer,定義兩個EventLoopGroup,bossGroup輔助客戶端的tcp鏈接請求, workGroup負責與客戶端以前的讀寫操做,須要說明的是,須要開啓一個新的線程來執行netty server,要否則會阻塞主線程,到時候就沒法調用項目的其餘controller接口了。spring
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.serialization.ObjectEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:44 */
@Component
public class NettyServer{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
/** * webSocket協議名 */
private static final String WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL = "WebSocket";
/** * 端口號 */
@Value("${webSocket.netty.port:58080}")
private int port;
/** * webSocket路徑 */
@Value("${webSocket.netty.path:/webSocket}")
private String webSocketPath;
@Autowired
private WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler;
private EventLoopGroup bossGroup;
private EventLoopGroup workGroup;
/** * 啓動 * @throws InterruptedException */
private void start() throws InterruptedException {
bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
// bossGroup輔助客戶端的tcp鏈接請求, workGroup負責與客戶端以前的讀寫操做
bootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup);
// 設置NIO類型的channel
bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
// 設置監聽端口
bootstrap.localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port));
// 鏈接到達時會建立一個通道
bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 流水線管理通道中的處理程序(Handler),用來處理業務
// webSocket協議自己是基於http協議的,因此這邊也要使用http編解碼器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ObjectEncoder());
// 以塊的方式來寫的處理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
/* 說明: 一、http數據在傳輸過程當中是分段的,HttpObjectAggregator能夠將多個段聚合 二、這就是爲何,當瀏覽器發送大量數據時,就會發送屢次http請求 */
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(8192));
/* 說明: 一、對應webSocket,它的數據是以幀(frame)的形式傳遞 二、瀏覽器請求時 ws://localhost:58080/xxx 表示請求的uri 三、核心功能是將http協議升級爲ws協議,保持長鏈接 */
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler(webSocketPath, WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, true, 65536 * 10));
// 自定義的handler,處理業務邏輯
ch.pipeline().addLast(webSocketHandler);
}
});
// 配置完成,開始綁定server,經過調用sync同步方法阻塞直到綁定成功
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.bind().sync();
log.info("Server started and listen on:{}",channelFuture.channel().localAddress());
// 對關閉通道進行監聽
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
}
/** * 釋放資源 * @throws InterruptedException */
@PreDestroy
public void destroy() throws InterruptedException {
if(bossGroup != null){
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
if(workGroup != null){
workGroup.shutdownGracefully().sync();
}
}
@PostConstruct()
public void init() {
//須要開啓一個新的線程來執行netty server 服務器
new Thread(() -> {
try {
start();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}).start();
}
}
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第三步: 具體實現業務的WebSocketHandler,具體實現邏輯看註釋json
package com.sixj.nettypush.websocket;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.sixj.nettypush.config.NettyConfig;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.AttributeKey;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/** * TextWebSocketFrame類型, 表示一個文本幀 * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-28-13:47 */
@Component
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class WebSocketHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NettyServer.class);
/** * 一旦鏈接,第一個被執行 * @param ctx * @throws Exception */
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.info("handlerAdded 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
// 添加到channelGroup 通道組
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().add(ctx.channel());
}
/** * 讀取數據 */
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {
log.info("服務器收到消息:{}",msg.text());
// 獲取用戶ID,關聯channel
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseObj(msg.text());
String uid = jsonObject.getStr("uid");
NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().put(uid,ctx.channel());
// 將用戶ID做爲自定義屬性加入到channel中,方便隨時channel中獲取用戶ID
AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
ctx.channel().attr(key).setIfAbsent(uid);
// 回覆消息
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("服務器鏈接成功!"));
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.info("handlerRemoved 被調用"+ctx.channel().id().asLongText());
// 刪除通道
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
removeUserId(ctx);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
log.info("異常:{}",cause.getMessage());
// 刪除通道
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().remove(ctx.channel());
removeUserId(ctx);
ctx.close();
}
/** * 刪除用戶與channel的對應關係 * @param ctx */
private void removeUserId(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){
AttributeKey<String> key = AttributeKey.valueOf("userId");
String userId = ctx.channel().attr(key).get();
NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap().remove(userId);
}
}
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**第四步:**具體消息推送的接口bootstrap
public interface PushService {
/** * 推送給指定用戶 * @param userId * @param msg */
void pushMsgToOne(String userId,String msg);
/** * 推送給全部用戶 * @param msg */
void pushMsgToAll(String msg);
}
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接口實現類:後端
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:10 */
@Service
public class PushServiceImpl implements PushService {
@Override
public void pushMsgToOne(String userId, String msg){
ConcurrentHashMap<String, Channel> userChannelMap = NettyConfig.getUserChannelMap();
Channel channel = userChannelMap.get(userId);
channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
}
@Override
public void pushMsgToAll(String msg){
NettyConfig.getChannelGroup().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg));
}
}
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controller:瀏覽器
package com.sixj.nettypush.controller;
import com.sixj.nettypush.service.PushService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/** * @author sixiaojie * @date 2020-03-30-20:08 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/push")
public class PushController {
@Autowired
private PushService pushService;
/** * 推送給全部用戶 * @param msg */
@PostMapping("/pushAll")
public void pushToAll(@RequestParam("msg") String msg){
pushService.pushMsgToAll(msg);
}
/** * 推送給指定用戶 * @param userId * @param msg */
@PostMapping("/pushOne")
public void pushMsgToOne(@RequestParam("userId") String userId,@RequestParam("msg") String msg){
pushService.pushMsgToOne(userId,msg);
}
}
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**第五步:**前端html頁面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<script> var socket; // 判斷當前瀏覽器是否支持webSocket if(window.WebSocket){ socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.174.25:58080/webSocket") // 至關於channel的read事件,ev 收到服務器回送的消息 socket.onmessage = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + ev.data; } // 至關於鏈接開啓 socket.onopen = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = "鏈接開啓了..." socket.send( JSON.stringify({ // 鏈接成功將,用戶ID傳給服務端 uid: "123456" }) ); } // 至關於鏈接關閉 socket.onclose = function (ev) { var rt = document.getElementById("responseText"); rt.value = rt.value + "\n" + "鏈接關閉了..."; } }else{ alert("當前瀏覽器不支持webSocket") } </script>
<form onsubmit="return false">
<textarea id="responseText" style="height: 150px; width: 300px;"></textarea>
<input type="button" value="清空內容" onclick="document.getElementById('responseText').value=''">
</form>
</body>
</html>
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目前爲止,全部代碼已經寫完了,測試一下
首先運行這個html文件,會看到服務端給前端返回的消息「服務器鏈接成功了!」,後端日誌會打印服務器收到消息:{"uid":"123456"}
而後使用postman測試推送的接口
測試成功,打完收工~ 若有疑問,能夠在公衆號後臺聯繫我