Apache Commons包含了不少開源的工具,用於解決平時編程常常會遇到的問題,減小重複勞動。我選了一些比較經常使用的項目作簡單介紹。文中用了不少網上現成的東西,我只是作了一個彙總整理。html
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/beanutils/index.htmljava
說明:針對Bean的一個工具集。因爲Bean每每是有一堆get和set組成,因此BeanUtils也是在此基礎上進行一些包裝。數據庫
使用示例:功能有不少,網站上有詳細介紹。一個比較經常使用的功能是Bean Copy,也就是copy bean的屬性。若是作分層架構開發的話就會用到,好比從PO(Persistent Object)拷貝數據到VO(Value Object)。apache
傳統方法以下:編程
//獲得TeacherForm TeacherForm teacherForm=(TeacherForm)form; //構造Teacher對象 Teacher teacher=new Teacher(); //賦值 teacher.setName(teacherForm.getName()); teacher.setAge(teacherForm.getAge()); teacher.setGender(teacherForm.getGender()); teacher.setMajor(teacherForm.getMajor()); teacher.setDepartment(teacherForm.getDepartment()); //持久化Teacher對象到數據庫 HibernateDAO= ; HibernateDAO.save(teacher);
使用BeanUtils後,代碼就大大改觀了,以下所示:網絡
//獲得TeacherForm TeacherForm teacherForm=(TeacherForm)form; //構造Teacher對象 Teacher teacher=new Teacher(); //賦值 BeanUtils.copyProperties(teacher,teacherForm); //持久化Teacher對象到數據庫 HibernateDAO= ; HibernateDAO.save(teacher);
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/cli/index.html架構
說明:這是一個處理命令的工具。好比main方法輸入的string[]須要解析。你能夠預先定義好參數的規則,而後就能夠調用CLI來解析。app
使用示例:dom
// create Options object Options options = new Options(); // add t option, option is the command parameter, false indicates that // this parameter is not required. options.addOption(「t」, false, 「display current time」); options.addOption("c", true, "country code"); CommandLineParser parser = new PosixParser(); CommandLine cmd = parser.parse( options, args); if(cmd.hasOption("t")) { // print the date and time }else { // print the date } // get c option value String countryCode = cmd.getOptionValue("c"); if(countryCode == null) { // print default date }else { // print date for country specified by countryCode }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/codec/index.htmljsp
說明:這個工具是用來編碼和解碼的,包括Base64,URL,Soundx等等。用這個工具的人應該很清楚這些,我就很少介紹了。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/collections/
說明:你能夠把這個工具當作是java.util的擴展。
使用示例:舉一個簡單的例子
OrderedMap map = new LinkedMap(); map.put("FIVE", "5"); map.put("SIX", "6"); map.put("SEVEN", "7"); map.firstKey(); // returns "FIVE" map.nextKey("FIVE"); // returns "SIX" map.nextKey("SIX"); // returns "SEVEN"
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/configuration/
說明:這個工具是用來幫助處理配置文件的,支持不少種存儲方式
1. Properties files
2. XML documents
3. Property list files (.plist)
4. JNDI
5. JDBC Datasource
6. System properties
7. Applet parameters
8. Servlet parameters
舉一個Properties的簡單例子:
# usergui.properties, definining the GUI, colors.background = #FFFFFF colors.foreground = #000080 window.width = 500 window.height = 300 PropertiesConfiguration config = new PropertiesConfiguration("usergui.properties"); config.setProperty("colors.background", "#000000); config.save(); config.save("usergui.backup.properties);//save a copy Integer integer = config.getInteger("window.width");
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dbcp/
說明:Database Connection pool, Tomcat就是用的這個,不用我多說了吧,要用的本身去網站上看說明。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dbutils/
說明:我之前在寫數據庫程序的時候,每每把數據庫操做單獨作一個包。DbUtils就是這樣一個工具,之後開發不用再重複這樣的工做了。值得一體的是,這個工具並非如今流行的OR-Mapping工具(好比Hibernate),只是簡化數據庫操做,好比
QueryRunner run = new QueryRunner(dataSource); // Execute the query and get the results back from the handler Object[] result = (Object[]) run.query("SELECT * FROM Person WHERE name=?", "John Doe");
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/fileupload/
說明:jsp的上傳文件功能怎麼作呢?
使用示例:
// Create a factory for disk-based file items FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // Parse the request List /* FileItem */ items = upload.parseRequest(request); // Process the uploaded items Iterator iter = items.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next(); if (item.isFormField()) { processFormField(item); } else { processUploadedFile(item); } }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/httpclient/
說明:這個工具能夠方便經過編程的方式去訪問網站。
最簡單的Get操做:
GetMethod get = new GetMethod("http://jakarta.apache.org"); // execute method and handle any error responses. ... InputStream in = get.getResponseBodyAsStream(); // Process the data from the input stream. get.releaseConnection();
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/io/
說明:能夠當作是java.io的擴展,我以爲用起來很是方便。
使用示例:
標準代碼:
InputStream in = new URL( "http://jakarta.apache.org" ).openStream(); try { InputStreamReader inR = new InputStreamReader( in ); BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader( inR ); String line; while ( ( line = buf.readLine() ) != null ) { System.out.println( line ); } } finally { in.close(); }
使用IOUtils:
InputStream in = new URL( "http://jakarta.apache.org" ).openStream(); try { System.out.println( IOUtils.toString( in ) ); } finally { IOUtils.closeQuietly(in); }
File file = new File("/commons/io/project.properties"); List lines = FileUtils.readLines(file, "UTF-8");
long freeSpace = FileSystemUtils.freeSpace("C:/");
http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-jxpath/users-guide.html
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/jxpath/
說明:Xpath你知道吧,那麼JXpath就是基於Java對象的Xpath,也就是用Xpath對Java對象進行查詢。這個東西仍是頗有想像力的。
使用示例:
Address address = (Address)JXPathContext.newContext(vendor). getValue("locations[address/zipCode='90210']/address");
上述代碼等同於:
Address address = null; Collection locations = vendor.getLocations(); Iterator it = locations.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()){ Location location = (Location)it.next(); String zipCode = location.getAddress().getZipCode(); if (zipCode.equals("90210")){ address = location.getAddress(); break; } }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/lang/
說明:這個工具包能夠當作是對java.lang的擴展。提供了諸如StringUtils, StringEscapeUtils, RandomStringUtils, Tokenizer, WordUtils等工具類。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/logging/
說明:你知道Log4j嗎?
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/math/
說明:看名字你就應該知道這個包是用來幹嗎的了吧。這個包提供的功能有些和Commons Lang重複了,可是這個包更專一於作數學工具,功能更強大。
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/net/
說明:這個包仍是很實用的,封裝了不少網絡協議。
1. FTP
2. NNTP
3. SMTP
4. POP3
5. Telnet
6. TFTP
7. Finger
8. Whois
9. rexec/rcmd/rlogin
10. Time (rdate) and Daytime
11. Echo
12. Discard
13. NTP/SNTP
使用示例:
TelnetClient telnet = new TelnetClient(); telnet.connect( "192.168.1.99", 23 ); InputStream in = telnet.getInputStream(); PrintStream out = new PrintStream( telnet.getOutputStream() ); ... telnet.close();
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/validator/
說明:用來幫助進行驗證的工具。好比驗證Email字符串,日期字符串等是否合法。
使用示例:
// Get the Date validator DateValidator validator = DateValidator.getInstance(); // Validate/Convert the date Date fooDate = validator.validate(fooString, "dd/MM/yyyy"); if (fooDate == null) { // error...not a valid date return; }
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/vfs/
說明:提供對各類資源的訪問接口。支持的資源類型包括
1. CIFS
2. FTP
3. Local Files
4. HTTP and HTTPS
5. SFTP
6. Temporary Files
7. WebDAV
8. Zip, Jar and Tar (uncompressed, tgz or tbz2)
9. gzip and bzip2
10. res
11. ram
這個包的功能很強大,極大的簡化了程序對資源的訪問。
使用示例:
從jar中讀取文件:
// Locate the Jar file FileSystemManager fsManager = VFS.getManager(); FileObject jarFile = fsManager.resolveFile( "jar:lib/aJarFile.jar" ); // List the children of the Jar file FileObject[] children = jarFile.getChildren(); System.out.println( "Children of " + jarFile.getName().getURI() ); for ( int i = 0; i < children.length; i++ ){ System.out.println( children[ i ].getName().getBaseName() ); }
從smb讀取文件:
StaticUserAuthenticator auth = new StaticUserAuthenticator("username", "password", null); FileSystemOptions opts = new FileSystemOptions(); DefaultFileSystemConfigBuilder.getInstance().setUserAuthenticator(opts, auth); FileObject fo = VFS.getManager().resolveFile("smb://host/anyshare/dir", opts);