django2中上傳文件

時間 2019-11-30

原文原文鏈接

1、簡易版的上傳文件

一、前端代碼html

<form action="/file/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <input type="file" name="file">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
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二、後端代碼前端

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View
class UploadFileView(View):
    """ 上傳文件 """

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return render(request, 'upload_file.html')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        my_file = request.FILES.get('file')
        with open(my_file.name, 'wb') as fp:
            for chunk in my_file.chunks():
                fp.write(chunk)
        return HttpResponse('上傳成功')
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2、結合數據模型來上傳文件

上面的方式僅僅是把文件上傳到本項目文件夾下,若是要存儲到數據庫,就要使用數據模型數據庫

一、建立數據模型django

from django.db import models

class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
    """ 上傳文件的數據模型 """
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='標題')
    # upload_to指定上傳的路徑
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='files')

    class Meta(object):
        db_table = 'c_file'
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二、在視圖類中使用後端

class UploadFileView(View):
    """ 上傳文件 """

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return render(request, 'upload_file.html')

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        file = request.FILES.get('file')
        models.UploadFileModel.objects.create(title=title, file=file)
        return HttpResponse('上傳成功')
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三、最終在數據庫存儲的瀏覽器

3、配置靜態文件

前面既然已經上傳成功了,那麼前端要顯示,就須要配置靜態文件路徑dom

一、在settings.py中配置媒體的根目錄及根路由post

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
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二、配置靜態文件路徑(項目的根路由中)url

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include('home.urls', namespace='home')),
    ...
    path('file/', include('upload_file.urls', namespace='upload_file'))
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
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三、在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost:8000/media/files/22.JPEGspa

4、其它補充

一、限制文件上傳類型

class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
    """ 上傳文件的數據模型 """
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='標題')
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='files', validators=[validators.FileExtensionValidator(['gif', 'png', 'jpeg'], message='上傳圖片格式錯誤')])

    class Meta(object):
        db_table = 'c_file'
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二、修改上傳文件路徑(根據年/月/日來顯示)

...
file = models.FileField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d', validators=[...
...
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三、若是是僅僅是上傳圖片的話,能夠使用下面的

class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
    """ 上傳文件的數據模型 """
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='標題')
    # 須要先安裝pillow
    file = models.ImageField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d')

    class Meta(object):
        db_table = 'c_file'
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5、對上傳文件重命名

一、定義一個通用的方法

import os
import time
import random
from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
from django.conf import settings


class FileStorage(FileSystemStorage):
    def __init__(self, location=settings.MEDIA_ROOT, base_url=settings.MEDIA_URL):
        super().__init__(location, base_url)

    def _save(self, name, content):
        ext = os.path.splitext(name)[1]
        dir = os.path.dirname(name)
        fn = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
        fn = '{}_{}'.format(fn, random.randint(0, 100))
        name = os.path.join(dir, '{}{}'.format(fn, ext))
        return super()._save(name, content)
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二、使用

class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
    """ 上傳文件的數據模型 """
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='標題')
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d', storage=FileStorage())

    class Meta(object):
        db_table = 'c_file'
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