[.net 面向對象程序設計進階] (12) 序列化(Serialization)(四) 快速掌握JSON的序列化和反序列化

時間 2019-11-11

標籤面向對象程序設計進階序列 serialization 快速掌握 json 欄目軟件設計简体版

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[.net 面向對象程序設計進階] (12) 序列化(Serialization)(四) 快速掌握JSON的序列化和反序列化html

本節導讀：編程

介紹JSON的結構，在JS中的使用。重點說明JSON如何在.NET中快帶序列化和反序列化。最後介紹在使用.NET序列化JSON過程當中的注意事項。json

讀前必備：數組

A.泛型 [.net 面向對象編程基礎] (18) 泛型spa

B.LINQ使用 [.net 面向對象編程基礎] (20) LINQ使用.net

1. 關於JSON設計

JSON的全稱是」JavaScript Object Notation」，意思是JavaScript對象表示法，它是一種基於文本，獨立於語言的輕量級數據交換格式。3d

2. 爲何要使用JSONcode

咱們上節說的XML雖然也是一種通用的跨平臺數據交換格式，爲何不用呢？htm

A.在Javascript中序列化和反序列化XML至關不方便。而Js中JSON能夠很是方便的反序列化爲對象。

B.在移動應用中，XML擁有過多的標記，比較佔用流量，而JSON幾乎沒有任何標記。

3. JSON兩種格式

JSON有兩種格式：對象和數組（集合）

咱們先看一下這兩種格式：

對象：

{
    "kongfuName": "獨孤九劍",
    "lethality": 100
}

數組（集合）:

[
    {
        "kongfuName": "獨孤九劍",
        "lethality": 100
    },
    {
        "kongfuName": "易筋經",
        "lethality": 100
    }
]

4. JSON字符串

JSON字符串，就是將符合以上兩種格式的字符串

如:var jsonStr=」[{'kongfuName':'獨孤九劍','lethality':100},{'kongfuName':'易筋經','lethality':100}]」;

5. Javasctip中反序列化JSON

JQuery中提供的反序列化方法：

var obj = jQuery.parseJSON('{"name":"John"}');alert( obj.name === "John" );

6. .NET自帶的兩種JSON序列化

下面分別舉例說明，仍是採用咱們以前的「武林大俠」「武功」實體類爲例，先定義兩個類，以下：

兩個類定義:

/// <summary>
/// 類：武林高手
/// MartialArtsMaster
/// </summary>
[DataContract]
public  class MartialArtsMaster
{
    [DataMember]
    /// <summary>
    /// 編號
    /// </summary>
    public int id { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    /// <summary>
    /// 姓名
    /// </summary>
    public string name { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    /// <summary>
    /// 年齡
    /// </summary>
    public int age { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    /// <summary>
    /// 門派
    /// </summary>
    public string menpai { get; set; }
    [DataMember]
    /// <summary>
    /// 武學
    /// </summary>
    public List<Kongfu> kongFu { get; set; }
             
    /// <summary>
    /// 級別
    /// </summary>
    public int level { get; set; }
}

/// <summary>
/// 類：武學
/// Kongfu
/// </summary>
[DataContract]
public class Kongfu
{
    [DataMember]
    /// <summary>
    /// 武學名稱
    /// </summary>
    public string kongfuName { get; set; }

    [DataMember]
    /// <summary>
    /// 殺傷力
    /// </summary>
    public int lethality { get; set; }
}

增長几個武林高手：

List<MartialArtsMaster> masterList = new List<MartialArtsMaster>();
//增長几個武林高手
masterList.Add(new MartialArtsMaster()
{
    id = 1,
    name = "令狐沖",
    age = 23,
    menpai = "華山",
    kongFu = new List<Kongfu>() { new Kongfu() { kongfuName = "獨孤九劍", lethality = 100 }, new Kongfu() { kongfuName = "易筋經", lethality = 100 } },
    level = 10
});

masterList.Add(new MartialArtsMaster()
{
    id = 2,
    name = "黃藥師",
    age = 55,
    menpai = "桃花島",
    kongFu = new List<Kongfu>() { new Kongfu() { kongfuName = "彈指神通", lethality = 100 } },
    level = 10
});

masterList.Add(new MartialArtsMaster()
{
    id = 3,
    name = "段譽",
    age = 20,
    menpai = "天龍寺",
    kongFu = new List<Kongfu>() { new Kongfu() { kongfuName = "凌波微步", lethality = 100 }, new Kongfu() { kongfuName = "六脈神劍", lethality = 100 } },
    level = 10
});

masterList.Add(new MartialArtsMaster()
{
    id = 4,
    name = "喬峯",
    age = 33,
    menpai = "丐幫",
    kongFu = new List<Kongfu>() { new Kongfu() { kongfuName = "降龍十八掌", lethality = 100 }, new Kongfu() { kongfuName = "打狗棒法", lethality = 100 } },
    level = 10
});

6.1 DataContractJsonSerializer

程序集：System.Runtime.Serialization.dll

命名空間 System.Runtime.Serialization.Josn

類：DataContractJsonSerializer

6.1.1 DataContractJsonSerializer 序列化

//程序集：System.Runtime.Serialization.dll
//命名空間 System.Runtime.Serialization.Josn
//類：DataContractJsonSerializer
System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer masterJson = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Json.DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<MartialArtsMaster>));

           
string strJson = String.Empty;
//序列化
using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())
{
    masterJson.WriteObject(stream, masterList);
    strJson = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(stream.ToArray());
}
Console.WriteLine(strJson);

運行結果以下：

注意：此種序列化，須要給類加上標記

6.1.2 DataContractJsonSerializer反序列化

//反序列化
List<MartialArtsMaster> newMasterList = new List<MartialArtsMaster>();
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strJson)))
{
    DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<MartialArtsMaster>));
    newMasterList = (List<MartialArtsMaster>)serializer.ReadObject(ms);
}
string result = String.Empty;           

Func<List<Kongfu>,string> kongFu = delegate (List<Kongfu> kongfu) { string kflist = String.Empty; kongfu.ForEach(m => kflist += "武功名稱:" + m.kongfuName + ";殺傷力" + m.lethality+"\n"); return kflist; };
newMasterList.ForEach(m => result += "大俠編號：" + m.id + " 大俠名字：" + m.name + " 年齡：" + m.age + " 門派：" + m.menpai + " \n所學武功：\n" + kongFu(m.kongFu));

Console.WriteLine(result);

運行結果以下：

6.2 Serialization,Deserialize

程序集:System.Web.Extensions.dll

命名空間:System.Web.Script.Serialization

類：Serialization,Deserialize

6.2.1 Serialization 序列化

//程序集:System.Web.Extensions.dll
//命名空間:System.Web.Script.Serialization
//類：Serialization,Deserialize
JavaScriptSerializer jsonSerializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
//執行序列化
string strJson2 = jsonSerializer.Serialize(masterList);
Console.WriteLine(strJson2);

運行結果以下：

6.2.2 Deserialize 反序列化

//執行反序列化     
JavaScriptSerializer jsonSerializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();
List<MartialArtsMaster> newMasterList = jsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<MartialArtsMaster>> (strJson2);
string result = String.Empty;

Func<List<Kongfu>, string> kongFu = delegate (List<Kongfu> kongfu) { string kflist = String.Empty; kongfu.ForEach(m => kflist += "武功名稱:" + m.kongfuName + ";殺傷力" + m.lethality + "\n"); return kflist; };
newMasterList.ForEach(m => result += "大俠編號：" + m.id + " 大俠名字：" + m.name + " 年齡：" + m.age + " 門派：" + m.menpai + " \n所學武功：\n" + kongFu(m.kongFu));

Console.WriteLine(result);