爲何會寫這篇文章,原由於和朋友的聊天 java
這又觸及到個人知識盲區了,首先來一波面向百度學習,直接根據關鍵字httpclient和okhttp的區別、性能比較進行搜索,沒有找到想要的答案,因而就去overstackflow上看看是否是有人問過這個問題,果真不會讓你失望的 因此從使用、性能、超時配置方面進行比較HttpClient和OkHttp通常用於調用其它服務,通常服務暴露出來的接口都爲http,http經常使用請求類型就爲GET、PUT、POST和DELETE,所以主要介紹這些請求類型的調用git
使用HttpClient發送請求主要分爲一下幾步驟:github
建立鏈接:docker
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
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該鏈接爲同步鏈接apache
GET請求:json
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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使用HttpGet表示該鏈接爲GET請求,HttpClient調用execute方法發送GET請求windows
PUT請求:api
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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POST請求:bash
@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();
httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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該請求是一個建立對象的請求,須要傳入一個json字符串@Test
public void testUpload1() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf");
FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
builder.addPart("file", fileBody); //addPart上傳文件
HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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經過addPart上傳文件DELETE請求:app
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user/12";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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請求的取消:
@Test
public void testCancel() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設置超時時間
//測試鏈接的取消
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
while (true) {
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {
httpGet.abort();
System.out.println("task canceled");
break;
}
}
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
}
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調用abort方法取消請求 執行結果:
task canceled
cost 8098 msc
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket'
java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
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使用OkHttp發送請求主要分爲一下幾步驟:
建立鏈接:
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
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GET請求:
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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PUT請求:
@Test
public void testPut() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//請求參數
UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),
JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.put(requestBody)
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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POST請求:
添加對象
@Test
public void testPost() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/user";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//請求參數
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("name", "hetiantian");
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"), String.valueOf(json));
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody) //post請求
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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上傳文件
@Test
public void testUpload() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
.addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf",
RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),
new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf")))
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody) //默認爲GET請求,能夠不寫
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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經過addFormDataPart方法模擬表單方式上傳文件
DELETE請求:
@Test
public void testDelete() throws IOException {
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
//請求參數
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.delete()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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請求的取消:
@Test
public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.get()
.build();
final Call call = client.newCall(request);
Response response = call.execute();
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
//測試鏈接的取消
while (true) {
//1分鐘獲取不到結果就取消請求
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {
call.cancel();
System.out.println("task canceled");
break;
}
}
System.out.println(response.body().string());
}
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調用cancel方法進行取消 測試結果:
task canceled
cost 9110 msc
java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】
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<!---文件上傳-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--異步請求-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
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HttpClient超時設置:
在HttpClient4.3+版本以上,超時設置經過RequestConfig進行設置
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
private RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
.setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build();
String api = "/api/files/1";
String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); //設置超時時間
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超時時間是設置在請求類型HttpGet上,而不是HttpClient上
OkHttp超時設置:
直接在OkHttp上進行設置
private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置鏈接超時時間
.readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置讀取超時時間
.build();
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小結:
若是client是單例模式,HttpClient在設置超時方面來的更靈活,針對不一樣請求類型設置不一樣的超時時間,OkHttp一旦設置了超時時間,全部請求類型的超時時間也就肯定
測試環境:
每種測試用例都測試五次,排除偶然性
client鏈接爲單例:
client鏈接不爲單例: 單例模式下,HttpClient的響應速度要更快一些,單位爲毫秒,性能差別相差不大 非單例模式下,OkHttp的性能更好,HttpClient建立鏈接比較耗時,由於多數狀況下這些資源都會寫成單例模式,所以圖一的測試結果更具備參考價值OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲,根據實際業務選擇便可
最後附:示例代碼,歡迎fork與star*
很久沒有對外輸出文章了