Android XML shape 標籤使用詳解

本文所說的 Drawable 都特指 shape 標籤訂義的 Drawable

• shape 標籤訂義的 Drawable 是哪一種類型的 Drawable?
• 使用 Drawable 有什麼好處？
• 什麼狀況下選擇使用 Drawable，而不是使用一張圖，反之呢？
• shape 標籤能定義多少種類型的 Drawable？（這是本文的重點，方便我這種懶惰的程序員直接拷貝代碼修改）

  本文須要先了解shape標籤的基本用法，關於Android shape標籤的各個屬性詳解請移步：

  Android GradientDrawable(shape標籤訂義) 靜態使用和動態使用(圓角，漸變實現)

首先給出GitHub地址，後續有新的內容會持續加入
https://github.com/PopFisher/AndroidDrawClassic

shape標籤能定義多少種類型的Drawable？

  shape 能夠定義四種類型的幾何圖形，由 android:shape 屬性指定

  line --> 線

  rectangle --> 矩形（圓角矩形）

  oval --> 橢圓，圓

  ring --> 圓環

 

  shape 能夠定義邊框屬性

  有邊框，無邊框，虛線邊框，實線邊框

 

  shape 能夠實現矩形圓角效果

  能夠指定其中一個角或者多個角設置圓角效果

  指定圓角半徑設置圓角的大小

 

  shape 能夠實現三種漸變，由子標籤 gradient 實現

  linear --> 線性漸變（水平，垂直，對角線三個漸變）

  sweep --> 掃描漸變（只支持順時針方向，其實顏色反過來就跟逆時針同樣的了）

  radial --> 徑向漸變（由指定的中心點開始向外漸變，指定半徑）

  xml 實現只支持三個顏色，startColor，CenterColor，endColor

  更多更詳細關於 shape 的介紹請移步 Android GradientDrawable(shape標籤訂義) 靜態使用和動態使用(圓角，漸變實現)

  由上面的組合能夠定義不少 Drawable，下面依次進行介紹：

 

線（實線+虛線）

  

實線：line_solid.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 實線 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="line"
    android:useLevel="true">

<stroke
    android:width="2dp"
    android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

虛線：line_dashed.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--虛線
    設置類型會line
    須要關閉硬件加速虛線才能繪製出來，佈局文件中使用的時候須要設置android:layerType="software"
    android:width 線寬，佈局文件中的View的高度須要比這個值大才能夠繪製出來
    android:dashWidth 每段破折線的長度
    android:dashGap="5dp"每段破折線之間的間隔-->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="line"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:dashGap="5dp"
        android:dashWidth="10dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

矩形（邊框+填充）

  

矩形實線邊框內部無填充：rect_solid_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 實線邊框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

矩形虛線邊框內部無填充：rect_dashed_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 虛線邊框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000"
        android:dashGap="5dp"
        android:dashWidth="10dp" />

</shape>

矩形實線邊框-內部填充：rect_solid_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 實線邊框+內部填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#ff00ffff" />

</shape>

矩形虛線邊框-內部填充：rect_dashed_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 虛線邊框+內部填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000"
        android:dashGap="5dp"
        android:dashWidth="10dp" />

    <solid android:color="#ff00ffff" />
</shape>

圓角矩形

  

圓角矩形-只有邊框：rect_rounded_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形邊框圓角 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="100dp"
        android:width="100dp"/>

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <corners android:bottomLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:bottomRightRadius="2dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:topRightRadius="2dp" />

</shape>

圓角矩形-只有內部填充：rect_rounded_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓角矩形 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="100dp"
        android:width="100dp"/>

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <corners android:bottomLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:bottomRightRadius="2dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:topRightRadius="2dp" />

</shape>

圓角矩形-有邊框有填充:rect_rounded_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形邊框+填充 圓角 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="100dp"
        android:width="100dp"/>

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <corners android:bottomLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:bottomRightRadius="2dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="2dp"
        android:topRightRadius="2dp" />

</shape>

圓角矩形-左邊圓角爲一個半圓弧：rect_rounded_left_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圓角+左右兩邊爲一個圓弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="50dp"
        android:height="10dp" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圓角半徑是高度的通常就是一個圓弧了 -->
    <corners
        android:bottomLeftRadius="20dp"
        android:topLeftRadius="20dp" />

</shape>

圓角矩形-左右兩邊都是半圓弧:rect_rounded_left_right_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圓角+左右兩邊爲一個圓弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="50dp"
        android:height="10dp" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圓角半徑是高度的通常就是一個圓弧了 -->
    <corners android:radius="20dp" />

</shape>

圓角矩形-左右兩邊都是半圓弧-帶邊框：rect_rounded_left_right_arc_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圓角+左右兩邊爲一個圓弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="50dp"
        android:height="10dp" />

    <stroke android:color="#ffff0000"
        android:width="2dp"/>

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圓角半徑是高度的通常就是一個圓弧了 -->
    <corners android:radius="20dp" />

</shape>

圓角矩形-圓：rect_rounded_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圓角+圓出一個圓弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size android:height="10dp"
        android:width="10dp"/>

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <corners android:radius="20dp" />

</shape>

圓角矩形-上下兩邊半圓弧:rect_rounded_top_bottom_arc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形圓角+左右兩邊爲一個圓弧 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="10dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <solid android:color="#8000ff00" />

    <!-- 圓角半徑是高度的通常就是一個圓弧了 -->
    <corners android:radius="10dp" />

</shape>

漸變效果（以矩形爲例）

  

垂直線性漸變：rect_gradient_linear_vertical.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形內部填充-線性垂直漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 調整angle實現水平漸變，垂直漸變或者對角漸變 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="-45"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.4"
        android:centerColor="#8000ff00"
        android:endColor="#1000ff00"
        android:startColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:type="linear" />
</shape>

水平線性漸變:rect_gradient_linear_horizon.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形內部填充-線性水平漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 調整angle實現水平漸變，垂直漸變或者對角漸變 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="0"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#8000ff00"
        android:endColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:startColor="#1000ff00"
        android:type="linear" />
</shape>

對角線線性漸變：rect_gradient_linear_diagonal.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形內部填充-線性對角線漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 調整angle實現水平漸變，垂直漸變或者對角漸變 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="45"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#8000ff00"
        android:endColor="#1000ff00"
        android:startColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:type="linear" />
</shape>

徑向漸變：rect_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形內部填充-徑向漸變,通常不用在rect上，用到圓或者橢圓上 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!-- 徑向漸變angle無效 -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="0"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:startColor="#0000ff00"
        android:endColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:gradientRadius="40dp"
        android:type="radial" />
</shape>

掃描漸變：rect_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 矩形內部填充-掃描漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="rectangle"
    android:useLevel="true">
    <!--若是佈局中沒有設置View的大小，會size設置的大小爲默認值-->
    <size
        android:width="20dp"
        android:height="20dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="1px"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />

    <!--調整angle不能實現角度變化
        centerX,centerY是中心點的位置，這裏用的是百分比值（0-1）
        在rect中gradientRadius無效-->
    <gradient
        android:angle="0"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:startColor="#ff00ff00"
        android:gradientRadius="20dp"
        android:type="sweep" />
</shape>

圓（邊框+填充+漸變）

  

圓-邊框：circle_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓形邊框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

圓-填充：circle_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓形邊框 + 填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

圓-邊框填充：circle_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓形邊框 + 填充 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

線性漸變：circle_gradient_linear.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓形內部填充-線性漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <!-- angle調整漸變角度，只能是45的倍數，centerX, centerY是百分百（0-1） -->
    <gradient
        android:angle="-90"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.8"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="linear" />

</shape>

徑向漸變：circle_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓形內部填充-徑向漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="40dp"
        android:height="40dp" />

    <!-- centerX, centerY是百分百（0-1） -->
    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#10ff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="30dp"
        android:type="radial" />

</shape>

掃描漸變：circle_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓形內部填充-掃描漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <size
        android:width="@dimen/shape_size"
        android:height="@dimen/shape_size" />

    <!-- sweep類型angle,gradientRadius無效，centerX, centerY是百分百（0-1） -->
    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.6"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#20ff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="20dp"
        android:type="sweep" />

</shape>

橢圓（邊框+填充+漸變）

  

邊框：oval_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 橢圓邊框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

</shape>

填充：oval_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 橢圓填充-->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

邊框+填充：oval_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 橢圓邊框 + 填充-->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true">

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff0000" />

    <solid android:color="#800000ff" />

</shape>

線性漸變：oval_gradient_linear.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 橢圓內部填充-線性漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true" >

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <gradient
        android:angle="45"
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.7"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="linear" />

</shape>

徑向漸變：oval_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 橢圓內部填充-徑向漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true" >

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#00ff0000"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="40dp"
        android:type="radial" />

</shape>

掃描漸變：oval_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 橢圓內部填充-掃描漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="oval"
    android:useLevel="true" >

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="60dp" />

    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="sweep" />

</shape>

圓環（邊框+填充+漸變）

  

環內填充：ring_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!-- 圓環 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:innerRadiusRatio="4"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:thicknessRatio="4"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必須是false-->
    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <solid android:color="#80ff0000" />

</shape>

圓環邊框:ring_border.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓環-僅有邊框 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:innerRadius="20dp"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:thickness="16dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必須是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />
</shape>

邊框+填充：ring_border_and_fill.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓環 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:innerRadius="20dp"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:thickness="16dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必須是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <solid android:color="#80ff0000" />

    <stroke
        android:width="2dp"
        android:color="#ffff00ff" />
</shape>

線性漸變：ring_gradient_linear.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓環-線性漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:innerRadius="10dp"
    android:thickness="30dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必須是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <gradient
        android:angle="45"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="linear" />

</shape>

徑向漸變：ring_gradient_radial.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓環-徑向漸變漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:innerRadius="10dp"
    android:thickness="30dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必須是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <!--設置徑向漸變半徑，漸變從圓心開始-->
    <gradient
        android:centerX="0.5"
        android:centerY="0.5"
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#00ff0000"
        android:startColor="#ffff0000"
        android:gradientRadius="40dp"
        android:type="radial" />

</shape>

掃描漸變:ring_gradient_sweep.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 圓環-線性漸變 -->
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:shape="ring"
    android:innerRadius="10dp"
    android:thickness="30dp"
    android:useLevel="false">
    <!--android:useLevel="false"必須是false-->

    <size
        android:width="80dp"
        android:height="80dp" />

    <!--掃描漸變shape不能設置角度-->
    <gradient
        android:centerColor="#80ff0000"
        android:endColor="#ffff0000"
        android:startColor="#00ff0000"
        android:type="sweep" />

</shape>