最近在看memcached的源碼,以爲它那種libevent+多線程的服務器模型真的很不錯,我將這個模型封裝成一個C++類,根據個人簡單測試,這個模型的效率真的很不錯,歡迎你們試用。java
這個類的使用方法很簡單(缺點是不太靈活),只要派生一個類,根據須要重寫如下這幾個虛函數就好了:數組
//新建鏈接成功後,會調用該函數virtual void ConnectionEvent(Conn *conn) { }//讀取完數據後,會調用該函數virtual void ReadEvent(Conn *conn) { }//發送完成功後,會調用該函數(由於串包的問題,因此並非每次發送完數據都會被調用)virtual void WriteEvent(Conn *conn) { }//斷開鏈接(客戶自動斷開或異常斷開)後,會調用該函數virtual void CloseEvent(Conn *conn, short events) { }//發生致命錯誤(若是建立子線程失敗等)後,會調用該函數//該函數的默認操做是輸出錯誤提示,終止程序virtual void ErrorQuit(const char *str);
若是你們有什麼建議或意見,歡迎給我發郵件:aa1080711@163.com服務器
上代碼:多線程
頭文件:TcpEventServer.hsocket
//TcpEventServer.h#ifndef TCPEVENTSERVER_H_#define TCPEVENTSERVER_H_#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <string.h>#include <errno.h>#include <signal.h>#include <time.h>#include <pthread.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <map>using std::map;#include <event.h>#include <event2/bufferevent.h>#include <event2/buffer.h>#include <event2/listener.h>#include <event2/util.h>#include <event2/event.h>class TcpEventServer;class Conn;class ConnQueue;struct LibeventThread;//這個類一個鏈表的結點類,結點裏存儲各個鏈接的信息,//並提供了讀寫數據的接口class Conn { //此類只能由TcpBaseServer建立, //並由ConnQueue類管理 friend class ConnQueue; friend class TcpEventServer;private: const int m_fd; //socket的ID evbuffer *m_ReadBuf; //讀數據的緩衝區 evbuffer *m_WriteBuf; //寫數據的緩衝區 Conn *m_Prev; //前一個結點的指針 Conn *m_Next; //後一個結點的指針 LibeventThread *m_Thread; Conn(int fd=0); ~Conn();public: LibeventThread *GetThread() { return m_Thread; } int GetFd() { return m_fd; } //獲取可讀數據的長度 int GetReadBufferLen() { return evbuffer_get_length(m_ReadBuf); } //從讀緩衝區中取出len個字節的數據,存入buffer中,若不夠,則讀出全部數據 //返回讀出數據的字節數 int GetReadBuffer(char *buffer, int len) { return evbuffer_remove(m_ReadBuf, buffer, len); } //從讀緩衝區中複製出len個字節的數據,存入buffer中,若不夠,則複製出全部數據 //返回複製出數據的字節數 //執行該操做後,數據還會留在緩衝區中,buffer中的數據只是原數據的副本 int CopyReadBuffer(char *buffer, int len) { return evbuffer_copyout(m_ReadBuf, buffer, len); } //獲取可寫數據的長度 int GetWriteBufferLen() { return evbuffer_get_length(m_WriteBuf); } //將數據加入寫緩衝區,準備發送 int AddToWriteBuffer(char *buffer, int len) { return evbuffer_add(m_WriteBuf, buffer, len); } //將讀緩衝區中的數據移動到寫緩衝區 void MoveBufferData() { evbuffer_add_buffer(m_WriteBuf, m_ReadBuf); } };//帶頭尾結點的雙鏈表類,每一個結點存儲一個鏈接的數據class ConnQueue {private: Conn *m_head; Conn *m_tail;public: ConnQueue(); ~ConnQueue(); Conn *InsertConn(int fd, LibeventThread *t); void DeleteConn(Conn *c); //void PrintQueue();};//每一個子線程的線程信息struct LibeventThread { pthread_t tid; //線程的ID struct event_base *base; //libevent的事件處理機 struct event notifyEvent; //監聽管理的事件機 int notifyReceiveFd; //管理的接收端 int notifySendFd; //管道的發送端 ConnQueue connectQueue; //socket鏈接的鏈表 //在libevent的事件處理中要用到不少回調函數,不能使用類隱含的this指針 //因此用這樣方式將TcpBaseServer的類指針傳過去 TcpEventServer *tcpConnect; //TcpBaseServer類的指針};class TcpEventServer {private: int m_ThreadCount; //子線程數 int m_Port; //監聽的端口 LibeventThread *m_MainBase; //主線程的libevent事件處理機 LibeventThread *m_Threads; //存儲各個子線程信息的數組 map<int, event*> m_SignalEvents; //自定義的信號處理public: static const int EXIT_CODE = -1;private: //初始化子線程的數據 void SetupThread(LibeventThread *thread); //子線程的入門函數 static void *WorkerLibevent(void *arg); //(主線程收到請求後),對應子線程的處理函數 static void ThreadProcess(int fd, short which, void *arg); //被libevent回調的各個靜態函數 static void ListenerEventCb(evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd, sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data); static void ReadEventCb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *data); static void WriteEventCb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *data); static void CloseEventCb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *data);protected: //這五個虛函數,通常是要被子類繼承,並在其中處理具體業務的 //新建鏈接成功後,會調用該函數 virtual void ConnectionEvent(Conn *conn) { } //讀取完數據後,會調用該函數 virtual void ReadEvent(Conn *conn) { } //發送完成功後,會調用該函數(由於串包的問題,因此並非每次發送完數據都會被調用) virtual void WriteEvent(Conn *conn) { } //斷開鏈接(客戶自動斷開或異常斷開)後,會調用該函數 virtual void CloseEvent(Conn *conn, short events) { } //發生致命錯誤(若是建立子線程失敗等)後,會調用該函數 //該函數的默認操做是輸出錯誤提示,終止程序 virtual void ErrorQuit(const char *str);public: TcpEventServer(int count); ~TcpEventServer(); //設置監聽的端口號,若是不須要監聽,請將其設置爲EXIT_CODE void SetPort(int port) { m_Port = port; } //開始事件循環 bool StartRun(); //在tv時間裏結束事件循環 //否tv爲空,則當即中止 void StopRun(timeval *tv); //添加和刪除信號處理事件 //sig是信號,ptr爲要回調的函數 bool AddSignalEvent(int sig, void (*ptr)(int, short, void*)); bool DeleteSignalEvent(int sig); //添加和刪除定時事件 //ptr爲要回調的函數,tv是間隔時間,once決定是否只執行一次 event *AddTimerEvent(void(*ptr)(int, short, void*), timeval tv, bool once); bool DeleteTImerEvent(event *ev); };#endif
實現文件:TcpEventServer.cpptcp
//TcpEventServer.cpp#include "TcpEventServer.h"Conn::Conn(int fd) : m_fd(fd) { m_Prev = NULL; m_Next = NULL; } Conn::~Conn() { } ConnQueue::ConnQueue() { //創建頭尾結點,並調整其指針 m_head = new Conn(0); m_tail = new Conn(0); m_head->m_Prev = m_tail->m_Next = NULL; m_head->m_Next = m_tail; m_tail->m_Prev = m_head; } ConnQueue::~ConnQueue() { Conn *tcur, *tnext; tcur = m_head; //循環刪除鏈表中的各個結點 while( tcur != NULL ) { tnext = tcur->m_Next; delete tcur; tcur = tnext; } } Conn *ConnQueue::InsertConn(int fd, LibeventThread *t) { Conn *c = new Conn(fd); c->m_Thread = t; Conn *next = m_head->m_Next; c->m_Prev = m_head; c->m_Next = m_head->m_Next; m_head->m_Next = c; next->m_Prev = c; return c; }void ConnQueue::DeleteConn(Conn *c) { c->m_Prev->m_Next = c->m_Next; c->m_Next->m_Prev = c->m_Prev; delete c; }/* void ConnQueue::PrintQueue() { Conn *cur = m_head->m_Next; while( cur->m_Next != NULL ) { printf("%d ", cur->m_fd); cur = cur->m_Next; } printf("\n"); } */TcpEventServer::TcpEventServer(int count) { //初始化各項數據 m_ThreadCount = count; m_Port = -1; m_MainBase = new LibeventThread; m_Threads = new LibeventThread[m_ThreadCount]; m_MainBase->tid = pthread_self(); m_MainBase->base = event_base_new(); //初始化各個子線程的結構體 for(int i=0; i<m_ThreadCount; i++) { SetupThread(&m_Threads[i]); } } TcpEventServer::~TcpEventServer() { //中止事件循環(若是事件循環沒開始,則沒效果) StopRun(NULL); //釋放內存 event_base_free(m_MainBase->base); for(int i=0; i<m_ThreadCount; i++) event_base_free(m_Threads[i].base); delete m_MainBase; delete [] m_Threads; }void TcpEventServer::ErrorQuit(const char *str) { //輸出錯誤信息,退出程序 fprintf(stderr, "%s", str); if( errno != 0 ) fprintf(stderr, " : %s", strerror(errno)); fprintf(stderr, "\n"); exit(1); }void TcpEventServer::SetupThread(LibeventThread *me) { //創建libevent事件處理機制 me->tcpConnect = this; me->base = event_base_new(); if( NULL == me->base ) ErrorQuit("event base new error"); //在主線程和子線程之間創建管道 int fds[2]; if( pipe(fds) ) ErrorQuit("create pipe error"); me->notifyReceiveFd = fds[0]; me->notifySendFd = fds[1]; //讓子線程的狀態機監聽管道 event_set( &me->notifyEvent, me->notifyReceiveFd, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, ThreadProcess, me ); event_base_set(me->base, &me->notifyEvent); if ( event_add(&me->notifyEvent, 0) == -1 ) ErrorQuit("Can't monitor libevent notify pipe\n"); }void *TcpEventServer::WorkerLibevent(void *arg) { //開啓libevent的事件循環,準備處理業務 LibeventThread *me = (LibeventThread*)arg; //printf("thread %u started\n", (unsigned int)me->tid); event_base_dispatch(me->base); //printf("subthread done\n");}bool TcpEventServer::StartRun() { evconnlistener *listener; //若是端口號不是EXIT_CODE,就監聽該端口號 if( m_Port != EXIT_CODE ) { sockaddr_in sin; memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin)); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; sin.sin_port = htons(m_Port); listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(m_MainBase->base, ListenerEventCb, (void*)this, LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, -1, (sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(sockaddr_in)); if( NULL == listener ) ErrorQuit("TCP listen error"); } //開啓各個子線程 for(int i=0; i<m_ThreadCount; i++) { pthread_create(&m_Threads[i].tid, NULL, WorkerLibevent, (void*)&m_Threads[i]); } //開啓主線程的事件循環 event_base_dispatch(m_MainBase->base); //事件循環結果,釋放監聽者的內存 if( m_Port != EXIT_CODE ) { //printf("free listen\n"); evconnlistener_free(listener); } }void TcpEventServer::StopRun(timeval *tv) { int contant = EXIT_CODE; //向各個子線程的管理中寫入EXIT_CODE,通知它們退出 for(int i=0; i<m_ThreadCount; i++) { write(m_Threads[i].notifySendFd, &contant, sizeof(int)); } //結果主線程的事件循環 event_base_loopexit(m_MainBase->base, tv); }void TcpEventServer::ListenerEventCb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd, struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data) { TcpEventServer *server = (TcpEventServer*)user_data; //隨機選擇一個子線程,經過管道向其傳遞socket描述符 int num = rand() % server->m_ThreadCount; int sendfd = server->m_Threads[num].notifySendFd; write(sendfd, &fd, sizeof(evutil_socket_t)); }void TcpEventServer::ThreadProcess(int fd, short which, void *arg) { LibeventThread *me = (LibeventThread*)arg; //從管道中讀取數據(socket的描述符或操做碼) int pipefd = me->notifyReceiveFd; evutil_socket_t confd; read(pipefd, &confd, sizeof(evutil_socket_t)); //若是操做碼是EXIT_CODE,則終於事件循環 if( EXIT_CODE == confd ) { event_base_loopbreak(me->base); return; } //新建鏈接 struct bufferevent *bev; bev = bufferevent_socket_new(me->base, confd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE); if (!bev) { fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!"); event_base_loopbreak(me->base); return; } //將該連接放入隊列 Conn *conn = me->connectQueue.InsertConn(confd, me); //準備從socket中讀寫數據 bufferevent_setcb(bev, ReadEventCb, WriteEventCb, CloseEventCb, conn); bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_WRITE); bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ); //調用用戶自定義的鏈接事件處理函數 me->tcpConnect->ConnectionEvent(conn); }void TcpEventServer::ReadEventCb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *data) { Conn *conn = (Conn*)data; conn->m_ReadBuf = bufferevent_get_input(bev); conn->m_WriteBuf = bufferevent_get_output(bev); //調用用戶自定義的讀取事件處理函數 conn->m_Thread->tcpConnect->ReadEvent(conn); } void TcpEventServer::WriteEventCb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *data) { Conn *conn = (Conn*)data; conn->m_ReadBuf = bufferevent_get_input(bev); conn->m_WriteBuf = bufferevent_get_output(bev); //調用用戶自定義的寫入事件處理函數 conn->m_Thread->tcpConnect->WriteEvent(conn); }void TcpEventServer::CloseEventCb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *data) { Conn *conn = (Conn*)data; //調用用戶自定義的斷開事件處理函數 conn->m_Thread->tcpConnect->CloseEvent(conn, events); conn->GetThread()->connectQueue.DeleteConn(conn); bufferevent_free(bev); }bool TcpEventServer::AddSignalEvent(int sig, void (*ptr)(int, short, void*)) { //新建一個信號事件 event *ev = evsignal_new(m_MainBase->base, sig, ptr, (void*)this); if ( !ev || event_add(ev, NULL) < 0 ) { event_del(ev); return false; } //刪除舊的信號事件(同一個信號只能有一個信號事件) DeleteSignalEvent(sig); m_SignalEvents[sig] = ev; return true; }bool TcpEventServer::DeleteSignalEvent(int sig) { map<int, event*>::iterator iter = m_SignalEvents.find(sig); if( iter == m_SignalEvents.end() ) return false; event_del(iter->second); m_SignalEvents.erase(iter); return true; }event *TcpEventServer::AddTimerEvent(void (*ptr)(int, short, void *), timeval tv, bool once) { int flag = 0; if( !once ) flag = EV_PERSIST; //新建定時器信號事件 event *ev = new event; event_assign(ev, m_MainBase->base, -1, flag, ptr, (void*)this); if( event_add(ev, &tv) < 0 ) { event_del(ev); return NULL; } return ev; }bool TcpEventServer::DeleteTImerEvent(event *ev) { int res = event_del(ev); return (0 == res); }
測試文件:test.cppmemcached
/* 這是一個測試用的服務器,只有兩個功能: 1:對於每一個已鏈接客戶端,每10秒向其發送一句hello, world 2:若客戶端向服務器發送數據,服務器收到後,再將數據回發給客戶端 *///test.cpp#include "TcpEventServer.h"#include <set>#include <vector>using namespace std;//測試示例class TestServer : public TcpEventServer {private: vector<Conn*> vec;protected: //重載各個處理業務的虛函數 void ReadEvent(Conn *conn); void WriteEvent(Conn *conn); void ConnectionEvent(Conn *conn); void CloseEvent(Conn *conn, short events);public: TestServer(int count) : TcpEventServer(count) { } ~TestServer() { } //退出事件,響應Ctrl+C static void QuitCb(int sig, short events, void *data); //定時器事件,每10秒向全部客戶端發一句hello, world static void TimeOutCb(int id, int short events, void *data); };void TestServer::ReadEvent(Conn *conn) { conn->MoveBufferData(); }void TestServer::WriteEvent(Conn *conn) { }void TestServer::ConnectionEvent(Conn *conn) { TestServer *me = (TestServer*)conn->GetThread()->tcpConnect; printf("new connection: %d\n", conn->GetFd()); me->vec.push_back(conn); }void TestServer::CloseEvent(Conn *conn, short events) { printf("connection closed: %d\n", conn->GetFd()); }void TestServer::QuitCb(int sig, short events, void *data) { printf("Catch the SIGINT signal, quit in one second\n"); TestServer *me = (TestServer*)data; timeval tv = {1, 0}; me->StopRun(&tv); }void TestServer::TimeOutCb(int id, short events, void *data) { TestServer *me = (TestServer*)data; char temp[33] = "hello, world\n"; for(int i=0; i<me->vec.size(); i++) me->vec[i]->AddToWriteBuffer(temp, strlen(temp)); }int main() { printf("pid: %d\n", getpid()); TestServer server(3); server.AddSignalEvent(SIGINT, TestServer::QuitCb); timeval tv = {10, 0}; server.AddTimerEvent(TestServer::TimeOutCb, tv, false); server.SetPort(2111); server.StartRun(); printf("done\n"); return 0; }
編譯與運行命令:函數
qch@LinuxMint ~/program/ztemp $ g++ TcpEventServer.cpp test.cpp -o test -levent qch@LinuxMint ~/program/ztemp $ ./test pid: 20264new connection: 22connection closed: 22^CCatch the SIGINT signal, quit in one second done