String.subString引起的StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

首先看兩個例子,經過subString方法得到字符串t,再經過t.charAt(3)方法得到字符串t的值中的第四個字符。其中會利用反射機制,改變字符串s的值。java

例子1:app

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    	String s="0123456789";
    	String t = s.substring(1); // 注意看這裏
    	System.out.println("t.charAt(3)爲" + t.charAt(3));
    	Field f = s.getClass().getDeclaredField("value");
    	f.setAccessible(true);
    	f.set(s, new char[]{'a','b','c'});
    	System.out.println("t.charAt(3)爲" + t.charAt(3));
	}
}

例子1 結果:ide

t.charAt(3)爲4
t.charAt(3)爲4

例子2:ui

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    	String s="0123456789";
    	String t = s.substring(0);	//注意看這裏
    	System.out.println("t.charAt(3)爲" + t.charAt(3));
    	Field f = s.getClass().getDeclaredField("value");
    	f.setAccessible(true);
    	f.set(s, new char[]{'a','b','c'});
    	System.out.println("t.charAt(3)爲" + t.charAt(3));
	}
}

例子2 結果:this

t.charAt(3)爲3
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: 3
	at java.lang.String.charAt(String.java:658)
	at com.elong.mobile.guide.Test.main(Test.java:17)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

分析緣由.net

首先看一下java doc中對public String substring(int beginIndex)方法的說明code

Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The substring begins with the character at the specified index and extends to the end of this string.

文檔中說明subString方法會返回一個新的String對象,但上面兩個例子中,只有beginIndex值不一樣,結果確不一樣,例1能正常運行,例2卻拋出了StringIndexOutOfBoundsException異常。咱們再看一下String當中subString方法的源碼,一探究竟。對象

public String substring(int beginIndex) {
    if (beginIndex < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);
    }
    int subLen = value.length - beginIndex;
    if (subLen < 0) {
        throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);
    }
    return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);
}

注意最後一行,緣由就出如今這裏,當beginIndex等於0時,Java會返回當前對象的引用,不會建立新的String對象,當咱們經過反射改變字符串s的值時,再經過t.charAt方法獲取值的時候,就可能會拋出StringIndexOutOfBoundsException異常。blog

(完)ci

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