models.pycss
from django.db import models class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) books = models.ManyToManyField(to="Book") def __str__(self): return self.name class Meta: db_table = "author" class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.title class Meta: db_table = "book"
urls.pyhtml
from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^books/$', views.books), ]
books.htmlpython
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>書籍列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>序號</th> <th>id</th> <th>書名</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for book in books %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.id }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </div> </body> </html>
import os import sys if __name__ == "__main__": os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "page_demo.settings") import django django.setup() from app01 import models # 批量建立 # 有100個書籍對象 objs = [models.Book(title="書本{}".format(i)) for i in range(100)] # 在數據庫中批量建立, 10次一提交 models.Book.objects.bulk_create(objs, 10)
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import models def books(request): all_book = models.Book.objects.all() return render(request, "books.html", {"books": all_book})
如今需求是作一個相似博客園的分頁git
當點擊第一頁的時候,URL 顯示爲 /books/?page=1/
,並顯示第一頁的數據,一頁展現 10 條數據github
能夠在視圖函數裏使用切片操做,當要展現第一頁的數據,即 1-10 條數據,它的索引是 [0:10]
數據庫
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import models def books(request): all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[:10] return render(request, "books.html", {"books": all_book})
展現第一頁的數據,即 11-20 條數據,它的索引是 [10:20]
django
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import models def books(request): all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[10:20] return render(request, "books.html", {"books": all_book})
因此,它的規律是:bootstrap
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import models def books(request): # 從URL取參數 page_num = request.GET.get("page") page_num = int(page_num) # 定義兩個變量保存數據從哪取到哪 data_start = (page_num-1) * 10 data_end = page_num * 10 all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[data_start: data_end] return render(request, "books.html", {"books": all_book})
增長 bootstrap 樣式,顯示可點擊跳轉的頁碼。首先要算出總頁碼數app
能夠根據 divmod()
計算,當有 20 條數據,每頁展現 10 條,計算出 (2, 0)
,當有 21 條數據,計算出 (2, 1)
,計算出的值裏右邊的爲 0,左邊的就是頁碼數,不然左邊的頁碼數就加一。函數
而後本身拼接一個 a 標籤,將拼接好的傳入模板
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import models def books(request): # 從URL取參數 page_num = request.GET.get("page") page_num = int(page_num) # 定義兩個變量保存數據從哪取到哪 data_start = (page_num - 1) * 10 data_end = page_num * 10 # 每一頁顯示多少條數據 per_page = 10 # 總數據是多少 total_count = models.Book.objects.all().count() # 總共須要多少頁碼來展現 total_page, m = divmod(total_count, per_page) if m: total_page += 1 all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[data_start: data_end] # 拼接分頁的html代碼 html_str_list = [] for i in range(1, total_page + 1): tmp = '<li><a href="/books/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i) html_str_list.append(tmp) page_html = "".join(html_str_list) return render(request, "books.html", {"books": all_book, "page_html": page_html})
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>書籍列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>序號</th> <th>id</th> <th>書名</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for book in books %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.id }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Previous"> <span aria-hidden="true">«</span> </a> </li> {{ page_html | safe }} <li> <a href="#" aria-label="Next"> <span aria-hidden="true">»</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </body> </html>
以上即是一個簡單分頁的實現,這是數據比較少的狀況,如今向數據庫添加至 1000 條數據,再進行頁面展現
這顯然是不合理的,博客園中頁碼中間是用省略號,省略號前面的頁碼通常都爲奇數,且始終只有 200 頁
因此這裏的需求是,展現的頁碼數固定爲 11 頁,當前所在頁碼的先後頁碼數對稱。假如當前在第六頁,前面展現五個,後面也展現五個,也就是 1-11 頁
有了展現的開始頁碼和結束頁碼,拼接 html 代碼時也要有所改動
而後考慮首尾的問題,若是當前頁減一半比 1 小,仍是須要固定 1-11 頁
若是當前頁比 100 大,後面再也不顯示頁碼
加上首頁、尾頁、上一頁、下一頁
這時,當處於第一頁時,上一頁不可點擊,一樣,處於最後一頁時,下一頁也不可點擊。看起來實現了分頁的操做,但此時刪除至只有一條數據,又出現了頁碼爲負數的狀況。
因此要有一個判斷
# 頁面上總共展現多少頁碼 max_page = 11 # 當總頁碼數小於展現的頁碼數 if total_page < max_page: max_page = total_page
這樣,便可以訪問了,再作一些完善,好比用戶輸入頁碼數不是數字,或者大於最大的頁碼數,讓當前頁碼加一個 active 類等。
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import models # Create your views here. def books(request): # 從URL取參數 page_num = request.GET.get("page") # 每一頁顯示多少條數據 per_page = 10 # 總數據是多少 total_count = models.Book.objects.all().count() # 總共須要多少頁碼來展現 total_page, m = divmod(total_count, per_page) if m: total_page += 1 try: page_num = int(page_num) # 若是輸入的頁碼超過了最大的頁碼數,默認返回最後一頁 if page_num > total_page: page_num = total_page except Exception as e: # 當輸入的頁碼不是數字的時候,默認返回第一頁的數據 page_num = 1 # 定義兩個變量保存數據從哪取到哪 data_start = (page_num - 1) * 10 data_end = page_num * 10 # 頁面上總共展現多少頁碼 max_page = 11 if total_page < max_page: max_page = total_page half_max_page = max_page // 2 # 頁面上展現的頁碼從哪開始 page_start = page_num - half_max_page # 頁面上展現的頁碼到哪結束 page_end = page_num + half_max_page # 若是當前頁減一半 比1小 if page_start <= 1: page_start = 1 page_end = max_page # 若是當前頁加一半 比總頁碼數還大 if page_end >= total_page: page_end = total_page page_start = total_page - max_page + 1 all_book = models.Book.objects.all()[data_start: data_end] # 拼接分頁的html代碼 html_str_list = [] # 加上第一頁 html_str_list.append('<li><a href="/books/?page=1">首頁</a></li>') # 加上一頁,上一頁就是當前頁減一 # 判斷,若是第一頁,就沒有上一頁 if page_num <= 1: html_str_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>') else: html_str_list.append( '<li><a href="/books/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(page_num - 1)) for i in range(page_start, page_end + 1): # 若是是當前頁,加一個active樣式類 if i == page_num: tmp = '<li class="active"><a href="/books/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i) else: tmp = '<li><a href="/books/?page={0}">{0}</a></li>'.format(i) html_str_list.append(tmp) # 加下一頁,下一頁就是當前頁加一 # 判斷,若是是最後一頁,就沒有下一頁 if page_num >= total_page: html_str_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>') else: html_str_list.append( '<li><a href="/books/?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(page_num + 1)) # 加最後一頁 html_str_list.append('<li><a href="/books/?page={}">尾頁</a></li>'.format(total_page)) page_html = "".join(html_str_list) return render(request, "books.html", {"books": all_book, "page_html": page_html})
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>書籍列表</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>序號</th> <th>id</th> <th>書名</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for book in books %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ book.id }}</td> <td>{{ book.title }}</td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> <nav aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul class="pagination"> {{ page_html | safe }} </ul> </nav> </div> </body> </html>
class Page(): def __init__(self, page_num, total_count, url_prefix, per_page=10, max_page=11): """ :param page_num: 當前頁碼數 :param total_count: 數據總數 :param url_prefix: a標籤href的前綴 :param per_page: 每頁顯示多少條數據 :param max_page: 頁面上最多顯示幾個頁碼 """ self.url_prefix = url_prefix self.max_page = max_page # 每一頁顯示多少條數據 # 總共須要多少頁碼來展現 total_page, m = divmod(total_count, per_page) if m: total_page += 1 self.total_page = total_page try: page_num = int(page_num) # 若是輸入的頁碼超過了最大的頁碼數,默認返回最後一頁 if page_num > total_page: page_num = total_page except Exception as e: # 當輸入的頁碼不是數字的時候,默認返回第一頁的數據 page_num = 1 self.page_num = page_num # 定義兩個變量保存數據從哪取到哪 self.data_start = (page_num - 1) * 10 self.data_end = page_num * 10 # 頁面上總共展現多少頁碼 if total_page < self.max_page: self.max_page = total_page half_max_page = self.max_page // 2 # 頁面上展現的頁碼從哪開始 page_start = page_num - half_max_page # 頁面上展現的頁碼到哪結束 page_end = page_num + half_max_page # 若是當前頁減一半 比1小 if page_start <= 1: page_start = 1 page_end = self.max_page # 若是當前頁加一半 比總頁碼數還大 if page_end >= total_page: page_end = total_page page_start = total_page - self.max_page + 1 self.page_start = page_start self.page_end = page_end @property def start(self): return self.data_start @property def end(self): return self.data_end def page_html(self): # 拼接分頁的html代碼 html_str_list = [] # 加上第一頁 html_str_list.append('<li><a href="{}?page=1">首頁</a></li>'.format(self.url_prefix)) # 加上一頁,上一頁就是當前頁減一 # 判斷,若是第一頁,就沒有上一頁 if self.page_num <= 1: html_str_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>') else: html_str_list.append( '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">«</span></a></li>'.format(self.url_prefix, self.page_num - 1)) for i in range(self.page_start, self.page_end + 1): # 若是是當前頁,加一個active樣式類 if i == self.page_num: tmp = '<li class="active"><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.url_prefix, i) else: tmp = '<li><a href="{0}?page={1}">{1}</a></li>'.format(self.url_prefix, i) html_str_list.append(tmp) # 加下一頁,下一頁就是當前頁加一 # 判斷,若是是最後一頁,就沒有下一頁 if self.page_num >= self.total_page: html_str_list.append('<li class="disabled"><a href="#"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>') else: html_str_list.append( '<li><a href="{}?page={}"><span aria-hidden="true">»</span></a></li>'.format(self.url_prefix, self.page_num + 1)) # 加最後一頁 html_str_list.append('<li><a href="{}?page={}">尾頁</a></li>'.format(self.url_prefix, self.total_page)) page_html = "".join(html_str_list) return page_html
from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. from app01 import models def books(request): # 從URL取參數 page_num = request.GET.get("page") # 調用一個類 from utils.mypage import Page page_obj = Page(page_num, total_count, per_page=10, url_prefix="/books/", max_page=11) ret = models.Book.objects.all()[page_obj.start: page_obj.end] page_html = page_obj.page_html() return render(request, "books.html", {"books": ret, "page_html": page_html}) def depts(request): # 從URL中取參數 page_num = request.GET.get("page") # 總數據是多少 total_count = models.Dept.objects.all().count() from utils.mypage import Page page_obj = Page(page_num, total_count, per_page=10, url_prefix="/depts/", max_page=11) ret = models.Dept.objects.all()[page_obj.start: page_obj.end] page_html = page_obj.page_html() return render(request, "dept.html", {"depts": ret, "page_html": page_html})