1. 背景mysql
* MySQL是一個關係型數據庫管理系統,由瑞典MySQL AB 公司開發,目前屬於 Oracle 旗下產品。MySQL 是最流行的關係型數據庫管理系統之一,在 WEB 應用方面,MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System,關係數據庫管理系統) 應用軟件。linux
* MySQL是一種關係數據庫管理系統,關係數據庫將數據保存在不一樣的表中,而不是將全部數據放在一個大倉庫內,這樣就增長了速度並提升了靈活性。web
* MySQL所使用的 SQL 語言是用於訪問數據庫的最經常使用標準化語言。MySQL 軟件採用了雙受權政策,分爲社區版和商業版,因爲其體積小、速度快、整體擁有成本低,尤爲是開放源碼這一特色,通常中小型網站的開發都選擇 MySQL 做爲網站數據庫。sql
2. 選擇的理由數據庫
* 支持多種平臺[AIX、FreeBSD、HP-UX、Linux、Mac OS、OpenBSD、Solaris、Windows......]bootstrap
* 支持並提供多語言APIubuntu
* 開源,採用了 GPL協議,能夠修改源碼來開發本身的 MySQL 系統centos
* 支持標準SQL語句bash
* 支持多種存儲引擎tcp
* 使用普遍 [ 全球top20網站除微軟的Live和Bing以外所有應用MySQL ]
3. MySQL安裝方式
* 二制包安裝
* 源碼編譯安裝
* 平臺安裝包,如rpm包[centos,redhat]或deb[debian,ubuntu]包
4. 環境 [關閉selinux]
[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final) [root@MySQL ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64 [root@MySQL ~]# getenforce Disabled
5. 安裝
* 下載MySQL5.6二進制包 [ 推薦從MySQL官方下載 ]
[root@MySQL ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
* 解壓MySQL二進制包
[root@MySQL ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
* 移動MySQL二進制包
[root@MySQL ~]# mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/
* 建立軟連接
[root@MySQL ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
* 建立 mysql 用戶
[root@MySQL ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
* 建立mysql數據庫文件存放目錄
[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_data
* 修改二進制包目錄與數據目錄所屬用戶與所屬用戶組
[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /data/mysql_data
* 複製默認配置文件至/etc/my.cnf
[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
* MySQL初始化 [ 建立數據庫相關文件 ] 看到兩個OK並無ERROR錯誤信息代表初始化成功
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data WARNING: The host 'MySQL' could not be looked up with /usr/local/mysql/bin/resolveip. This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames when specifying MySQL privileges ! Installing MySQL system tables...2017-06-24 03:57:47 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-06-24 03:57:47 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2017-06-24 03:57:47 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.36) starting as process 20685 ... 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2017-06-24 03:57:49 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2017-06-24 03:57:52 20685 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.36 started; log sequence number 0 2017-06-24 03:57:58 20685 [Note] Binlog end 2017-06-24 03:57:58 20685 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2017-06-24 03:57:58 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 OK Filling help tables...2017-06-24 03:58:00 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-06-24 03:58:00 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.36) starting as process 20731 ... 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.36 started; log sequence number 1625977 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] Binlog end 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2017-06-24 03:58:02 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 OK
6. 建立啓動腳本
* 複製啓動腳本到service 服務管理目錄下[ /etc/init.d ]
[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
* 修改mysql啓動腳本 [ /et/init.d/mysqld ]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql_data
* 添加腳本執行權限
[root@MySQL ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
* 添加進service服務管理
[root@MySQL ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
7. 服務啓動測試
* 啓動 MySQL 服務
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql_data/MySQL.err'. SUCCESS!
* 查看服務是否啓動並監聽端口 [默認3306]
[root@MySQL ~]# netstat -lntp | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 21366/mysqld
8. 鏈接測試並修改密碼
* 經過自帶mysql客戶端鏈接
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
* 修改密碼
mysql> set password = password('123456'); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 從新使用密碼鏈接
mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
9. 總結
以需求驅動技術,技術自己沒有優略之分,只有業務之分。