Flask框架：配置文件與路由

時間 2019-11-12

原文原文鏈接

一、Flask配置文件

  1 import os
  2 import logging
  3 import datetime
  4 
  5 basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
  6 
  7 class InfoFilter(logging.Filter):
  8     def filter(self, record):
  9         """
 10         only use INFO
 11         篩選，只須要INFO級別的log
 12         :param record:
 13         :return:
 14         """
 15         if logging.INFO <= record.levelno <logging.ERROR:
 16             # 已是INFO級別了
 17             # 而後利用父類，返回1
 18             return super().filter(record)
 19         else:
 20             return 0
 21 
 22 
 23 class BaseConfig(object):
 24     DEBUG = False
 25     TESTING = False
 26     PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS = None
 27     PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION = None
 28     SECRET_KEY = None
 29     PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME = datetime.timedelta(31)
 30     USE_X_SENDFILE = False
 31     LOGGER_NAME = "app"
 32     LOGGER_HANDLER_POLICY = "always"
 33     SERVER_NAME = None
 34     APPLICATION_ROOT = None
 35     SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = "session"
 36     SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = None
 37     SESSION_COOKIE_PATH = None
 38     SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True
 39     SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False
 40     SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST = True
 41     MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = None
 42     SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT =  datetime.timedelta(0, 43200)
 43     TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS = False
 44     TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS = False
 45     EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING = False
 46     PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME = 'http'
 47     JSON_AS_ASCII = True
 48     JSON_SORT_KEYS = True
 49     JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR = True
 50     JSONIFY_MIMETYPE = 'application / json'
 51     TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD = None
 52 
 53     LOG_PATH = os.path.join(basedir, 'logs')
 54     LOG_PATH_ERROR = os.path.join(LOG_PATH, 'error.log')
 55     LOG_PATH_INFO = os.path.join(LOG_PATH, 'info.log')
 56     LOG_FILE_MAX_BYTES =100*1024*1024
 57     # 輪轉數量是10個
 58     LOG_FILE_BACKUP_COUNT = 10
 59 
 60     @classmethod
 61     def init_app(cls, app):
 62         pass
 63 
 64 class ProductionConfig(BaseConfig):
 65     DEBUG = False
 66 
 67 class DevelopmentConfig(BaseConfig):
 68 
 69     DEBUG = True
 70     SECRET_KEY = "avafaewffewfaew"
 71 
 72     @classmethod
 73     def init_app(cls, app):
 74         # BaseConfig.init_app(app)
 75         super().init_app(app)
 76 
 77         import logging
 78         from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
 79         # Formatter
 80         formatter = logging.Formatter(
 81             '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(process)d %(thread)d '
 82             '%(pathname)s %(lineno)s %(message)s')
 83 
 84         # FileHandler Info
 85         file_hander_info = RotatingFileHandler(filename=cls.LOG_PATH_INFO)
 86         file_hander_info.setFormatter(formatter)
 87         file_hander_info.setLevel(logging.INFO)
 88         info_filter = InfoFilter()
 89         file_hander_info.addFilter(info_filter)
 90         app.logger.addHandler(file_hander_info)
 91 
 92         # FileHandler Error
 93         file_hander_error = RotatingFileHandler(filename=cls.LOG_PATH_ERROR)
 94         file_hander_error.setFormatter(formatter)
 95         file_hander_error.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
 96         app.logger.addHandler(file_hander_error)
 97 
 98 
 99 
100 class TestConfig(BaseConfig):
101 
102     DEBUG = True
103 
104 config = {
105     'development': DevelopmentConfig,
106     'xxx': ProductionConfig,
107     'testing': TestConfig,
108     'default': DevelopmentConfig,
109 }

settings.py

 1 from flask import Flask,Response
 2 
 3 app = Flask(__name__)
 4 app.config.from_object("settings.DevelopmentConfig")
 5 
 6 @app.route("/index/")
 7 def index():
 8     return Response("hello")
 9 
10 if __name__ == "__main__":
11     app.run()

app.py

二、Flask的路由系統

2.一、路由設置的兩種方式

　　使用裝飾器@app.route：python

@app.route('/xxx')
def index():
    return "index"

　　使用app.add_url_rule添加：web

def index():
    return "index"
app.add_url_rule("/xxx",None,index)

　　注意事項：正則表達式

　　 - 不用讓endpoint重名json

　　 - 若是重名函數也必定要相同。flask

2.二、設置路由時的參數

rule,                       URL規則
view_func,                  視圖函數名稱
endpoint=None,              名稱，用於反向生成URL，即： url_for('名稱')
methods=None,               容許的請求方式，如：["GET","POST"]
strict_slashes=None,        對URL最後的 / 符號是否嚴格要求，
redirect_to=None,           重定向到指定地址

defaults=None,              默認值,當URL中無參數，函數須要參數時，使用defaults={'k':'v'}爲函數提供參數
subdomain=None,             子域名訪問

2.三、動態路由

@app.route('/index/<int:nid>',methods=['GET','POST'])
def index(nid):
    print(nid)
    return "Index"

2.四、反向生成URL

　　endpoint：反向生成URL，默認是函數名session

　　url_for('endpoint') 或 url_for("index", nid=10)app

2.五、自定義正則

from flask import Flask,url_for

app = Flask(__name__)

# 步驟一：定製類
from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter
class RegexConverter(BaseConverter):
    """
    自定義URL匹配正則表達式
    """
    def __init__(self, map, regex):
        super(RegexConverter, self).__init__(map)
        self.regex = regex

    def to_python(self, value):
        """
        路由匹配時，匹配成功後傳遞給視圖函數中參數的值
        :param value:
        :return:
        """
        return int(value)

    def to_url(self, value):
        """
        使用url_for反向生成URL時，傳遞的參數通過該方法處理，返回的值用於生成URL中的參數
        :param value:
        :return:
        """
        val = super(RegexConverter, self).to_url(value)
        return val

# 步驟二：添加到轉換器
app.url_map.converters['reg'] = RegexConverter

"""
1. 用戶發送請求
2. flask內部進行正則匹配
3. 調用to_python(正則匹配的結果)方法
4. to_python方法的返回值會交給視圖函數的參數

"""

# 步驟三：使用自定義正則
@app.route('/index/<reg("\d+"):nid>')
def index(nid):
    print(nid,type(nid))

    print(url_for('index',nid=987))
    return "index"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

View Code

2.六、子域名

from flask import Flask, views, url_for

app = Flask(import_name=__name__)
app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'wupeiqi.com:5000'
"""
127.0.0.1   wupeiqi.com
127.0.0.1   web.wupeiqi.com
127.0.0.1   admin.wupeiqi.com

"""

# http://admin.wupeiqi.com:5000/
@app.route("/", subdomain="admin")
def admin_index():
    return "admin.your-domain.tld"


# http://web.wupeiqi.com:5000/
@app.route("/", subdomain="web")
def web_index():
    return "web.your-domain.tld"


# http://sdsdf.wupeiqi.com:5000/
# http://sdfsdf.wupeiqi.com:5000/
# http://asdf.wupeiqi.com:5000/

@app.route("/dynamic", subdomain="<username>")
def username_index(username):
    """Dynamic subdomains are also supported
    Try going to user1.your-domain.tld/dynamic"""
    return username + ".your-domain.tld"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()