Linux基礎學習-Docker學習筆記

時間 2019-11-19

原文原文鏈接

Docker安裝

[root@qdlinux ~]# yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-selinux \
                  docker-engine-selinux \
                  docker-engine
                  
[root@qdlinux ~]# yum install -y yum-utils \
  device-mapper-persistent-data \
  lvm2      
[root@qdlinux ~]# yum-config-manager \
     --add-repo \
     https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
     
[root@qdlinux ~]# yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-edge

[root@qdlinux ~]# yum-config-manager --enable docker-ce-test

[root@qdlinux ~]# yum makecache fast

[root@qdlinux ~]# yum install docker-ce

在生產系統中，您應該安裝特定版本的 Docker CE，而不是始終使用最新版本。列出可用版本。此示例使用 sort -r 命令按版本號（從最高到最低）對結果進行排序，而且已被截斷。node

注：此 yum list 命令僅顯示二進制軟件包。若是還須要顯示源軟件包，請從軟件包名稱中省略 .x86_64。mysql

$ yum list docker-ce.x86_64  --showduplicates | sort -r

 docker-ce.x86_64  17.06.0.el7                               docker-ce-stable  

 yum install docker-ce-<VERSION>

systemctl start docker

docker run hello-world

啓用阿里雲加速器linux

[root@qdlinux ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@qdlinux ~]# systemctl restart docker

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.09.0-ce-tp4
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.3
 Git commit:        33764aa
 Built:             Fri Aug 24 23:20:18 2018
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.0-ce-tp4
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.3
  Git commit:       33764aa
  Built:            
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker info
Containers: 1
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 1
Images: 1
Server Version: 18.09.0-ce-tp4
Storage Driver: overlay2
 Backing Filesystem: xfs
 Supports d_type: true
 Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
 Volume: local
 Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
 Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: containerd runc
Default Runtime: containerd
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 6f13ff3ea48a6bc2fb9b47c0acce24cf274dafd9 (expected: 468a545b9edcd5932818eb9de8e72413e616e86e)
runc version: 459bfaec1fc6c17d8bfb12d0a0f69e7e7271ed2a (expected: 69663f0bd4b60df09991c08812a60108003fa340)
init version: fec3683
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 1.936GiB
Name: qdlinux.com
ID: 4HLV:D5DZ:MFZP:QBWO:SKUM:WR32:352C:JZYW:ZAAU:QPGP:3US2:MOY5
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
 127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
 https://y5va7z1k.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker --help

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level
                           ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default
                           "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  engine      Manage the docker engine
  image       Manage images
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              2cb0d9787c4d        6 weeks ago         1.85kB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              2cb0d9787c4d        6 weeks ago         1.85kB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images -q
2cb0d9787c4d

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images -qa
2cb0d9787c4d

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images --digests 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              sha256:4b8ff392a12ed9ea17784bd3c9a8b1fa3299cac44aca35a85c90c5e3c7afacdc   2cb0d9787c4d        6 weeks ago         1.85kB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images --digests --no-trunc 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 DIGEST                                                                    IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              sha256:4b8ff392a12ed9ea17784bd3c9a8b1fa3299cac44aca35a85c90c5e3c7afacdc   sha256:2cb0d9787c4dd17ef9eb03e512923bc4db10add190d3f84af63b744e353a9b34   6 weeks ago         1.85kB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images --no-trunc 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              sha256:2cb0d9787c4dd17ef9eb03e512923bc4db10add190d3f84af63b744e353a9b34   6 weeks ago         1.85kB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker search tomcat
NAME                                  DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
tomcat                                Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   1996                [OK]                
tomee                                 Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   55                  [OK]                
dordoka/tomcat                        Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base…   49                                      [OK]
davidcaste/alpine-tomcat              Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 with…   29                                      [OK]
bitnami/tomcat                        Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     21                                      [OK]
consol/tomcat-7.0                     Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin"              16                                      [OK]
cloudesire/tomcat                     Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            15                                      [OK]
tutum/tomcat                          Base docker image to run a Tomcat applicatio…   11                                      
meirwa/spring-boot-tomcat-mysql-app   a sample spring-boot app using tomcat and My…   10                                      [OK]
jeanblanchard/tomcat                  Minimal Docker image with Apache Tomcat         8                                       
aallam/tomcat-mysql                   Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              7                                       [OK]
rightctrl/tomcat                      CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application ssl…   3                                       [OK]
maluuba/tomcat7-java8                 Tomcat7 with java8.                             2                                       
arm64v8/tomcat                        Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2                                       
amd64/tomcat                          Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2                                       
jelastic/tomcat                       An image of the Tomcat Java application serv…   1                                       
99taxis/tomcat7                       Tomcat7                                         1                                       [OK]
camptocamp/tomcat-logback             Docker image for tomcat with logback integra…   1                                       [OK]
fabric8/tomcat-8                      Fabric8 Tomcat 8 Image                          1                                       [OK]
primetoninc/tomcat                    Apache tomcat 8.5, 8.0, 7.0                     1                                       [OK]
oobsri/tomcat8                        Testing CI Jobs with different names.           0                                       
swisstopo/service-print-tomcat        backend tomcat for service-print "the true, …   0                                       
cfje/tomcat-resource                  Tomcat Concourse Resource                       0                                       
s390x/tomcat                          Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   0                                       
picoded/tomcat7                       tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAGER…   0                                       [OK]

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker search -s 30 tomcat
Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
tomcat              Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   1996                [OK]                
tomee               Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   55                  [OK]                
dordoka/tomcat      Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base…   49                                      [OK]

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker search -s 30 --no-trunc tomcat
Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                                                                            STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
tomcat              Apache Tomcat is an open source implementation of the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies   1996                [OK]                
tomee               Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certified stack where Apache Tomcat is top dog.                  55                  [OK]                
dordoka/tomcat      Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 based docker container.                                        49                                      [OK]

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker search -s 30 --no-trunc --automated tomcat
Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead
Flag --automated has been deprecated, use --filter=is-automated=true instead
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                                       STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
dordoka/tomcat      Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 based docker container.   49                                      [OK]

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
55cbf04beb70: Pull complete 
1607093a898c: Pull complete 
9a8ea045c926: Pull complete 
1290813abd9d: Pull complete 
8a6b982ad6d7: Pull complete 
abb029e68402: Pull complete 
d068d0a738e5: Pull complete 
42ee47bb0c52: Pull complete 
ae9c861aed25: Pull complete 
60bba9d0dc8d: Pull complete 
091c11d70257: Pull complete 
869034383fc7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:eab533908d6c7760a84a5edbb4490b648484941dfa708a1c5f4286db8caab825
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              690cb3b9c7d1        5 days ago          463MB
hello-world         latest              2cb0d9787c4d        6 weeks ago         1.85kB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker rmi hello-world
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "hello-world" (must force) - container 9f42fa25318d is using its referenced image 2cb0d9787c4d


[root@qdlinux ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:4b8ff392a12ed9ea17784bd3c9a8b1fa3299cac44aca35a85c90c5e3c7afacdc
Deleted: sha256:2cb0d9787c4dd17ef9eb03e512923bc4db10add190d3f84af63b744e353a9b34

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
9db2ca6ccae0: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:4b8ff392a12ed9ea17784bd3c9a8b1fa3299cac44aca35a85c90c5e3c7afacdc
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
be8881be8156: Pull complete 
32d9726baeef: Pull complete 
87e5e6f71297: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d85914d547a6c92faa39ce7058bd7529baacab7e0cd4255442b04577c4d1f424
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              690cb3b9c7d1        5 days ago          463MB
nginx               latest              c82521676580        4 weeks ago         109MB
hello-world         latest              2cb0d9787c4d        6 weeks ago         1.85kB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world nginx
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:4b8ff392a12ed9ea17784bd3c9a8b1fa3299cac44aca35a85c90c5e3c7afacdc
Deleted: sha256:2cb0d9787c4dd17ef9eb03e512923bc4db10add190d3f84af63b744e353a9b34
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:d85914d547a6c92faa39ce7058bd7529baacab7e0cd4255442b04577c4d1f424
Deleted: sha256:c82521676580c4850bb8f0d72e47390a50d60c8ffe44d623ce57be521bca9869
Deleted: sha256:2c1f65d17acf8759019a5eb86cc20fb8f8a7e84d2b541b795c1579c4f202a458
Deleted: sha256:8f222b457ca67d7e68c3a8101d6509ab89d1aad6d399bf5b3c93494bbf876407
Deleted: sha256:cdb3f9544e4c61d45da1ea44f7d92386639a052c620d1550376f22f5b46981af

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              690cb3b9c7d1        5 days ago          463MB

//刪除全部
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
256b176beaff: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:6f6d986d425aeabdc3a02cb61c02abb2e78e57357e92417d6d58332856024faf
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              690cb3b9c7d1        5 days ago          463MB
centos              latest              5182e96772bf        3 weeks ago         200MB

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker run -it 5182e96772bf
[root@5448e5cbace9 /]#

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
5448e5cbace9        5182e96772bf        "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            optimistic_austin

//容器徹底退出
[root@5448e5cbace9 /]# exit

//容器不中止退出
Ctrl+p+q

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                          PORTS               NAMES
5448e5cbace9        5182e96772bf        "/bin/bash"         11 minutes ago      Exited (0) About a minute ago                       optimistic_austin

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
5448e5cbace9        5182e96772bf        "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                       optimistic_austin
9f42fa25318d        2cb0d9787c4d        "/hello"            3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                         wonderful_mclean

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -n 3
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
5448e5cbace9        5182e96772bf        "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 3 minutes ago                       optimistic_austin
9f42fa25318d        2cb0d9787c4d        "/hello"            3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                         wonderful_mclean

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -lq
5448e5cbace9

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker run -it --name mycentos0828 centos
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c566d41cb7fd        centos              "/bin/bash"         40 seconds ago      Up 38 seconds                           mycentos0828

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker start 5448e5cbace9
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c566d41cb7fd        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes                            mycentos0828
5448e5cbace9        5182e96772bf        "/bin/bash"         25 minutes ago      Up 15 seconds                           optimistic_austin

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker restart c566d41cb7fd
c566d41cb7fd
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker stop c566d41cb7fd
c566d41cb7fd

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker kill 5448e5cbace9
5448e5cbace9

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
c566d41cb7fd        centos              "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Exited (137) 2 minutes ago                       mycentos0828
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                            PORTS               NAMES
c566d41cb7fd        centos              "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Exited (137) 2 minutes ago                            mycentos0828
5448e5cbace9        5182e96772bf        "/bin/bash"         30 minutes ago      Exited (137) About a minute ago                       optimistic_austin

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker rm 5448e5cbace9
5448e5cbace9

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
c566d41cb7fd        centos              "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Exited (137) 3 minutes ago                       mycentos0828
9f42fa25318d        2cb0d9787c4d        "/hello"            3 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                           wonderful_mclean


[root@qdlinux ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa) 
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker ps -qa | xargs docker rm

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker run -d centos 
b307589886194f3da5ae1bcfbbb368c5c3a5ed005341cca52035bc175aab9460
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done"

docker logs 容器ID

docker logs -t 容器ID

docker logs -t -f 容器ID

docker logs -t -f --tail 3 容器ID

docker top 容器ID

docker inspect 容器ID

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker attach 容器ID

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker exec -it f702a32dcbc3 ls -l /tmp
total 4
-rwx------ 1 root root 836 Aug  4 22:05 ks-script-Lu6hIQ
-rw------- 1 root root   0 Aug  4 22:04 yum.log


[root@qdlinux ~]# docker cp f702a32dcbc3:/tmp/yum.log /root
[root@qdlinux ~]# ll
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1735 Aug  4 15:04 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Documents
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Downloads
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1783 Aug  4 15:07 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Music
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Public
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Templates
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    6 Aug  4 15:57 Videos
-rw-------  1 root root    0 Aug  5 06:04 yum.log

[root@qdlinux ~]# docker run -it -p 8080:8080 tomcat
[root@qdlinux ~]# docker run -it -P tomcat

docker commit -a="zzyy" -m="tomcat without docs" 容器ID xxx/mytomcat:xxx

docker run -it -v /myDataVolume:/dataVolumeContainer centos
docker run -it -v /myDataVolume:/dataVolumeContainer:ro centos

//dockerfile
mkdir mydocker
cd /mydocker
vim Dockerfile
# volume test
FROM centos
VOLUME ["/dataVolumeContainer1","/dataVolumeContainer2"]
CMD echo "finish,---------success"
CMD /bin/bash

docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile -t zzyy/centos .
docker run -it zzyy/centos /bin/bash

//若是報錯
docker run -it -v /myDataVolume:/dataVolumeContainer --privileged=true centos 

docker inspect 容器ID

docker run -it --name dc01 zzyy/centos
cd dataVolumeContainer2
touch dc01_add.txt

docker run -it --name dc02 --volumes-from dc01 zzyy/centos
touch dc02_add.txt

docker run -it --name dc03 --volumes-from dc01 zzyy/centos
touch dc03_add.txt

docker rm -f dc01

不影響其餘容器,容期間傳遞共享

FROM scratch
ADD centos-7-docker.tar.xz /

LABEL org.label-schema.schema-version = "1.0" \
    org.label-schema.name="CentOS Base Image" \
    org.label-schema.vendor="CentOS" \
    org.label-schema.license="GPLv2" \
    org.label-schema.build-date="20180531"

CMD ["/bin/bash"]

命令	解釋
FROM	基礎鏡像,當前新鏡像是基於哪一個鏡像的
MAINTAINER	鏡像維護者的姓名和郵箱地址
RUN	容器構建時須要運行的命令
EXPOSE	當前容器對外暴露出的端口號
WORKDIR	指定在建立容器後,終端默認登陸的進來工做目錄
ENV	用來在構建鏡像過程當中設置環境變量
ADD	在宿主機目錄下的文件拷貝進鏡像且ADD命令會自動處理URL和解壓tar壓縮包
COPY	相似ADD,拷貝文件和目錄到鏡像中,將從鏡像上下文目錄中 <源路徑> 的文件/目錄複製到新的一層的鏡像內的 <目標路徑> 位置
VOLUME	容器數據卷,用於數據保存和持久化工做
CMD	指定一個容器啓動時要運行的命令,Dockerfile中能夠有多個CMD命令,但只有最後一個生效,CMD會被docker run以後的參數替換
ENTRYPOINT	指定一個容器啓動時要運行的命令,ENTRYPOINT的目的和CMD同樣,都是在指定容器啓動程序及參數
ONBUILD	當構建一個被繼承的Dockerfile時運行命令,父鏡像在被子繼承後父鏡像的onbuild被觸發

FROM centos
MAINTAINER xiaoyu<249935058@qq.com>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
RUM yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "success---------ok"
CMD ["/bin/bash"]

[root@qdlinux mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile -t mycentos:1.3 .

[root@qdlinux mydocker]# docker run -it mycentos:1.3

docker history 鏡像ID

FROM centos
RUN yum -y install curl
CMD ["curl","-s","http://ip.cn"]

docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile2 -t myip .

docker run myip 

FROM centos
RUN yum -y install curl
ENTRYPOINT ["curl","-s","http://ip.cn"]

docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile3 -t myip2 .

docker run myip2 -i

ONBUILD RUN echo "father onbuild-----------"

docker build -t mytomcat9 .

[root@qdlinux tomcat9]# docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name mytomcat9 -v /mydocker/tomcat9/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.11/webapps/test -v /mydocker/tomcat9/tomcat9logs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.11/logs --privileged=true mytomcat9

[root@qdlinux mydocker]# docker pull mysql:5.7
[root@qdlinux mydocker]# docker run -p 6666:3306 --name mysql \
> -v /mydocker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
> -v /mydocker/mysql/logs:/logs \
> -v /mydocker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
> -d mysql:5.7
c199d9f3a88d99c7f8e8b943b9736d3d145ac35021ca02b6c7bad00d3df102df

root@c199d9f3a88d:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database db01;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use db01;
Database changed
mysql> create table t_book(id int not null primary key,bookName varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_db01 |
+----------------+
| t_book         |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into t_book values(1,'java');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> insert into t_book values(2,'php');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from t_book;
+----+----------+
| id | bookName |
+----+----------+
|  1 | java     |
|  2 | php      |
+----+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)