1,建立一個maven工程,在選擇Archetype時選擇webapp: html
2,下一步配置maven的pom.xml文件,獲取依賴的jar包: java
<!-- struts2核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId> <version>2.3.1.2</version> </dependency>
<!-- struts2與spring整合的包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.1.2</version> </dependency>
<!-- 在 Struts2中要使用 Ajax得到Json數據。要使用Ajax必須引用此Jar --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId> <artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.1.2</version> </dependency>
<!-- Hibernate核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>3.6.10.Final</version> </dependency>
<!-- spring3可選的依賴注入,不可缺乏 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.7.3</version> </dependency>
<!-- 擴展Java類與實現Java接口 --> <dependency> <groupId>cglib</groupId> <artifactId>cglib</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency>
<!-- 運用Log4j必須用到這個包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.5</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>
<!-- Spring包 --> <!-- Spring核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring</artifactId> <version>2.5.6</version> <type>jar</type> </dependency>
<!-- Spring在WEB上的MVC框架上加上這個包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.2.3.RELEASE</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>
<!-- log4j日誌包 --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>
<!-- jsp接口 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
<!-- 鏈接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> </dependency>
<!-- servlet接口 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
<!-- Mysql數據庫JDBC鏈接包 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.26</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>
若是沒使用maven,eclipse默認會去bin目錄找class文件,若是使用了maven,則會去target\test-classes目錄下去找class文件。恰好個人打包腳本中包含了mvn clean命令,將target\test-classes目錄下的文件清空了,在target\test-classes目錄尚未對應的class文件,因此會拋ClassNotFoundException!Project-clean操做讓eclipse從新編譯,恰好能夠解決這個問題。 mysql
3,在src下建立目錄webapp/WEB-INF/,並在WEB-INF下建立web.xml文件。 web
一,spring環境搭建+測試 spring
在web.xml文件中添加spring的啓動監聽器ContextLoaderListener sql
<!-- 監聽器Spring --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 定位applicationContext.xml的物理位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>
這樣在web容器啓動的時候,會自動裝配Spring的位於/WEB-INF/下的applicationContext.xml配置文件通常狀況下,因爲須要配置的bean較多,因此都是將bean按業務分類,在不一樣的配置文件中進行配置。而後在applicationContext.xml文件中導入分類的配置文件的。 數據庫
可是如今測試的時候會直接在applicationContext.xml文件下進行bean配置: express
<bean name="person" class="us.xuhang.project.domain.Person"> <property name="age" value="23" /> </bean>測試:
@Test public void testSpringEnv(){ //加載Spring的配置文件,獲得ApplicationContext對象 ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/applicationContext.xml"); //獲取bean對象 Person person = (Person) context.getBean("person"); System.out.println(person.getAge()); }
SessionFactory是Hibernate中的一個類,這個類主要負責保存HIbernate的配置信息,以及對Session的操做。
apache
在Hibernate的核心配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml中配置<session-factory/>: json
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <!-- sessionFactory表明一個數據庫的描述 --> <session-factory> <!-- 數據庫用戶名、密碼、驅動、URL、數據庫方言 --> <property name="connection.password">123456</property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url"> jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/eclipseweb </property> <!-- 告訴hibernate連接的是什麼數據庫 --> <property name="dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </property> <!-- 顯示sql語句 --> <property name="show_sql">true</property> <!-- validate 默認值 根據持久化類和映射文件檢查表的結構 update hibernate容器在啓動的時候,會根據持久化類和映射文件檢查表的結構 若是不存在,則建立,若是存在,則更新 create 每次啓動hibernate容器,無論表是否存在,都會建立 create-drop 當啓動hibernate容器時建立表,當hibernate容器銷燬時,刪除表 --> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <property name="format_sql">true</property> <!-- 持久化類和數據庫表的映射文件 --> <mapping resource="us/xuhang/project/domain/Person.hbm.xml" /> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
在Hibernate3.6版本中的dtd文有變化,改爲上面的,否則會提示錯誤。
編寫Person的映射文件Person.hbm.xml(位於和Person類相同的目錄下)。配置實體類和數據庫表的映射關係。
<hibernate-mapping> <class name="us.xuhang.project.domain.Person"> <id name="pid" length="40"> <generator class="assigned"></generator> </id> <property name="name" length="20"></property> <property name="age" type="int"></property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
src/main/resources/us/xuhang/project/domain/測試:
@Test public void testHibernateEnv(){ //加載指定目錄下的配置文件,獲得configuration對象 Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml"); //根據configuration對象獲得session工廠對象 SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(); //使用工廠類打開一個session Session session = factory.openSession(); //開啓事務 Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); //建立待插入數據庫的對象 ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/applicationContext.xml"); Person p = (Person) context.getBean("person"); p.setPid(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); p.setName("xxx"); //保存對象 session.save(p); //提交事務 tx.commit(); //關閉資源 session.close(); factory.close(); }
以上是Hibernate本身管理SessionFactory的建立,下面將SessionFactory的建立過程交給Spring容器:
若是關於數據庫的鏈接信息等仍然在Hibernate的配置文件中配置,即由Hibernate管理數據庫的鏈接,則只須要在Spring的配置文件中配置SessionFactory的bean時注入configLocation,值爲Hibernate的配置文件路徑:classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml
<!-- 若是關於數據庫的屬性在hibernate.cfg.xml中配置了,設置hibernate.cfg.xml的location便可 --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation"> <value>classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml</value> </property> </bean>還有一種方法是有Spring來管理數據庫的鏈接,這裏使用c3p0來幫助管理數據源
<!-- 用Bean定義c3p0數據源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/eclipseweb" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="123456" /> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource"/> </property> <!-- 經過classpath的方式指向了映射文件所在的目錄,把domain包及子包下全部的映射文件所有加載了 --> <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations"> <value>classpath:us/xuhang/project/domain</value> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 定義事務管理器(聲明式的事務) --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 切入點表達式 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 切面 --> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* us.xuhang.project.dao.*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" /> </aop:config>
將SessionFactory對象的建立交給Spring容器來管理,在Spring的配置文件中配置SessionFactory的bean。
若是SessionFactory交給Hibernate管理,能夠直接在Hibernate的配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml中使用<session-factory/>配置數據庫的鏈接信息,而後在Spring的配置文件中導入Hibernate的配置文件:
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="configLocation"> <value>classpath:hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml</value> </property> </bean>同時在<session-factory/>中加入持久化類和數據庫表的映射文件路徑:
<mapping resource="us/xuhang/project/domain/Person.hbm.xml" />
若是SessionFactory交給Spring容器管理,其中在Spring的配置文件中給SessionFactory注入數據源DataSource,數據源可使用JDBC數據源,也可使用第三方的C3P0數據源管理。
若是使用JDBC數據源,只需將DataSource的bean的class屬性值改成org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource,而後給該類注入相應的屬性。
<!-- 用Bean定義jdbc數據源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> </bean>若是使用C3P0數據源,則將DataSource的bean的class屬性值改成對應的類com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource,而後注入該類的相應的屬性。
<!-- 用Bean定義c3p0數據源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" /> </bean>
以後將數據源注入到SessionFactory中,同時加入映射文件的路徑和數據庫的方言等配置
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource"> <ref bean="dataSource"/> </property> <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations"> <value>classpath:us/xuhang/project/domain</value> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
三,Spring和Struts2的整合
在web.xml中加入struts2的核心過濾器:
<filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>struts的配置文件struts.xml需放在classpath路徑下,而後按照業務不一樣分類配置struts,而後再在struts中include:
<struts> <!-- 告訴struts由spring容器做爲bean工廠 --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"></constant> <include file="struts/struts-person.xml" /> </struts>struts/struts-person.xml:
<package name="person" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 這裏action對象的建立有spring容器管理,因此class值再也不指定具體的全路徑類名,而是直接從spring容器中取,這裏的值爲spring容器管理action的id值 --> <action name="personAction1" class="personAction1" method="personAction"> <result name="success">index.jsp</result> </action> </package>spring的配置文件中管理action的bean:
<bean id="personAction1" class="us.xuhang.project.controller.PersonAction" scope="prototype"> <property name="param" value="springControlStruts" /> </bean>
struts和Spring整合以後就會發現struts的映射文件中action的class值應爲Spring中相應action的id。
因爲struts的action是多例的,因此在spring容器管理action對象建立的時候須要指明一下,設置action的scope屬性值爲prototype。
SSH零配置整合
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <!-- 監聽器Spring --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 定位applicationContext.xml的物理位置 --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- hibernate 懶加載的問題過濾 ,能夠不配置 --> <filter> <description>hibernate Session 過濾器</description> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- struts配置 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>applicationContext.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="us.xuhang.project.ssh" /> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:hibernate.properties"/> <import resource="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <!-- 定義事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 加載事務驅動 --> <!-- 對@Transactional這個註解進行的驅動,這是基於註解的方式使用事務配置聲明,這樣在具體應用中能夠指定對哪些方法使用事務 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true" /> <!-- 事務的策略 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> <tx:method name="select*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" /> <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" /> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- AOP配置 --> <aop:config> <!-- 對知足下面表達式的(業務邏輯層)方法實施事務 --> <aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* us.xuhang.project.service.*.*(..))" /> <!-- 引用上面的事務策略txAdvice --> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut" /> </aop:config> <!-- 聲明日誌記錄通知 --> <bean id="logInterceptor" class="us.xuhang.project.interceptor.LogInterceptor"></bean> <aop:config> <!-- 配置一個切面 --> <aop:aspect id="point" ref="logInterceptor"> <!-- 配置切入點,指定切入點表達式 --> <!-- 此句也可放到 aop:aspect標籤外依然有效 --> <aop:pointcut expression="execution(public * us.xuhang.project.service..*.*(..))" id="myMethod" /> <!-- 應用前置通知 --> <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="myMethod" /> <!-- 應用環繞通知需指定向下進行 --> <aop:around method="around" pointcut-ref="myMethod" /> <!-- 應用後通知 --> <aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut-ref="myMethod" /> <!-- 應用拋出異常後通知 --> <aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing" pointcut-ref="myMethod" /> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>struts.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <!-- 使用Spring --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" /> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" /> <package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> <!-- 聲明攔截器 --> <interceptors> <!-- 權限攔截器 --> <interceptor name="authority" class="us.xuhang.project.interceptor.AuthorityInterceptor" /> <!-- 異常攔截器 --> <interceptor name="exceptionInterceptor" class="us.xuhang.project.interceptor.ExceptionInterceptor" /> <!-- 聲明攔截器棧!解決struts安全漏洞,攔截全部的帶有#號的url --> <interceptor-stack name="MyStack"> <interceptor-ref name="authority" /> <interceptor-ref name="exceptionInterceptor" /> <interceptor-ref name="params"> <param name="excludeParams">.*\\u0023.*</param> </interceptor-ref> <!-- 使用自定義攔截器後就不會再使用默認攔截器棧,這裏須要把默認攔截器棧加進來。 --> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" /> </interceptor-stack> </interceptors> <default-interceptor-ref name="MyStack" /> <!-- 定義全局的result --> <global-results> <result name="login">/index.jsp</result> <result name="error">/error.jsp</result> </global-results> </package> </struts>hibernate.cfg.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- C3P0 數據源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${hibernate.connection.driver_class}" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${hibernate.connection.url}" /> <property name="user" value="${hibernate.connection.username}" /> <property name="password" value="${hibernate.connection.password}" /> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${hibernate.connection.initialPoolSize}" /> <property name="minPoolSize" value="${hibernate.connection.minPoolSize}" /> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${hibernate.connection.maxPoolSize}" /> <property name="preferredTestQuery" value="select 1 from dual " /> </bean> <!-- SessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.tianlihu.projects.ssh.*.po" /> <property name="useTransactionAwareDataSource" value="true" /> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults">${hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">${hibernate.cache.provider_class}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop> <prop key="hibernate.connection.autocommit">false</prop> <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 配置事務管理 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy /> <tx:annotation-driven /> </beans>hibernate.properties:
## hibernate hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect hibernate.show_sql=true hibernate.format_sql=true hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults=false ## hibernate cache hibernate.cache.provider_class=org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider hibernate.cache.use_query_cache=false hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache=true ## C3P0 configuration hibernate.connection.driver_class=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GBK hibernate.connection.username=root hibernate.connection.password=root hibernate.connection.initialPoolSize=1 hibernate.connection.minPoolSize=1 hibernate.connection.maxPoolSize=3