網上關於這個方面的文章也很多,基本的思路是線程+緩存來解決。下面提出一些優化:java
一、採用線程池android
二、內存緩存+文件緩存緩存
三、內存緩存中網上不少是採用SoftReference來防止堆溢出,這兒嚴格限制只能使用最大JVM內存的1/4ide
四、對下載的圖片進行按比例縮放,以減小內存的消耗優化
具體的代碼裏面說明。先放上內存緩存類的代碼MemoryCache.Java:this
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public class MemoryCache { private static final String TAG = "MemoryCache"; // 放入緩存時是個同步操做 // LinkedHashMap構造方法的最後一個參數true表明這個map裏的元素將按照最近使用次數由少到多排列,即LRU // 這樣的好處是若是要將緩存中的元素替換,則先遍歷出最近最少使用的元素來替換以提升效率 private Map<String, Bitmap> cache = Collections .synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap<String, Bitmap>(10, 1.5f, true)); // 緩存中圖片所佔用的字節,初始0,將經過此變量嚴格控制緩存所佔用的堆內存 private long size = 0;// current allocated size // 緩存只能佔用的最大堆內存 private long limit = 1000000;// max memory in bytes public MemoryCache() { // use 25% of available heap size setLimit(Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 4); } public void setLimit(long new_limit) { limit = new_limit; Log.i(TAG, "MemoryCache will use up to " + limit / 1024. / 1024. + "MB"); } public Bitmap get(String id) { try { if (!cache.containsKey(id)) return null; return cache.get(id); } catch (NullPointerException ex) { return null; } } public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) { try { if (cache.containsKey(id)) size -= getSizeInBytes(cache.get(id)); cache.put(id, bitmap); size += getSizeInBytes(bitmap); checkSize(); } catch (Throwable th) { th.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 嚴格控制堆內存,若是超過將首先替換最近最少使用的那個圖片緩存 * */ private void checkSize() { Log.i(TAG, "cache size=" + size + " length=" + cache.size()); if (size > limit) { // 先遍歷最近最少使用的元素 Iterator<Entry<String, Bitmap>> iter = cache.entrySet().iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Entry<String, Bitmap> entry = iter.next(); size -= getSizeInBytes(entry.getValue()); iter.remove(); if (size <= limit) break; } Log.i(TAG, "Clean cache. New size " + cache.size()); } } public void clear() { cache.clear(); } /** * 圖片佔用的內存 * * @param bitmap * @return */ long getSizeInBytes(Bitmap bitmap) { if (bitmap == null) return 0; return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight(); } }
也可使用SoftReference,代碼會簡單不少,可是我推薦上面的方法。.net
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public class MemoryCache { private Map<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>> cache = Collections .synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Bitmap>>()); public Bitmap get(String id) { if (!cache.containsKey(id)) return null; SoftReference<Bitmap> ref = cache.get(id); return ref.get(); } public void put(String id, Bitmap bitmap) { cache.put(id, new SoftReference<Bitmap>(bitmap)); } public void clear() { cache.clear(); } }
下面是文件緩存類的代碼FileCache.java:code
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public class FileCache { private File cacheDir; public FileCache(Context context) { // 若是有SD卡則在SD卡中建一個LazyList的目錄存放緩存的圖片 // 沒有SD卡就放在系統的緩存目錄中 if (android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals( android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) cacheDir = new File( android.os.Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "LazyList"); else cacheDir = context.getCacheDir(); if (!cacheDir.exists()) cacheDir.mkdirs(); } public File getFile(String url) { // 將url的hashCode做爲緩存的文件名 String filename = String.valueOf(url.hashCode()); // Another possible solution // String filename = URLEncoder.encode(url); File f = new File(cacheDir, filename); return f; } public void clear() { File[] files = cacheDir.listFiles(); if (files == null) return; for (File f : files) f.delete(); } }
最後最重要的加載圖片的類,ImageLoader.java:
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public class ImageLoader { MemoryCache memoryCache = new MemoryCache(); FileCache fileCache; private Map<ImageView, String> imageViews = Collections .synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<ImageView, String>()); // 線程池 ExecutorService executorService; public ImageLoader(Context context) { fileCache = new FileCache(context); executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); } // 當進入listview時默認的圖片,可換成你本身的默認圖片 final int stub_id = R.drawable.stub; // 最主要的方法 public void DisplayImage(String url, ImageView imageView) { imageViews.put(imageView, url); // 先從內存緩存中查找 Bitmap bitmap = memoryCache.get(url); if (bitmap != null) imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); else { // 若沒有的話則開啓新線程加載圖片 queuePhoto(url, imageView); imageView.setImageResource(stub_id); } } private void queuePhoto(String url, ImageView imageView) { PhotoToLoad p = new PhotoToLoad(url, imageView); executorService.submit(new PhotosLoader(p)); } private Bitmap getBitmap(String url) { File f = fileCache.getFile(url); // 先從文件緩存中查找是否有 Bitmap b = decodeFile(f); if (b != null) return b; // 最後從指定的url中下載圖片 try { Bitmap bitmap = null; URL imageUrl = new URL(url); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) imageUrl .openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(30000); conn.setReadTimeout(30000); conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true); InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f); CopyStream(is, os); os.close(); bitmap = decodeFile(f); return bitmap; } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); return null; } } // decode這個圖片而且按比例縮放以減小內存消耗,虛擬機對每張圖片的緩存大小也是有限制的 private Bitmap decodeFile(File f) { try { // decode image size BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options(); o.inJustDecodeBounds = true; BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o); // Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2. final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 70; int width_tmp = o.outWidth, height_tmp = o.outHeight; int scale = 1; while (true) { if (width_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE || height_tmp / 2 < REQUIRED_SIZE) break; width_tmp /= 2; height_tmp /= 2; scale *= 2; } // decode with inSampleSize BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options(); o2.inSampleSize = scale; return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { } return null; } // Task for the queue private class PhotoToLoad { public String url; public ImageView imageView; public PhotoToLoad(String u, ImageView i) { url = u; imageView = i; } } class PhotosLoader implements Runnable { PhotoToLoad photoToLoad; PhotosLoader(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) { this.photoToLoad = photoToLoad; } @Override public void run() { if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad)) return; Bitmap bmp = getBitmap(photoToLoad.url); memoryCache.put(photoToLoad.url, bmp); if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad)) return; BitmapDisplayer bd = new BitmapDisplayer(bmp, photoToLoad); // 更新的操做放在UI線程中 Activity a = (Activity) photoToLoad.imageView.getContext(); a.runOnUiThread(bd); } } /** * 防止圖片錯位 * * @param photoToLoad * @return */ boolean imageViewReused(PhotoToLoad photoToLoad) { String tag = imageViews.get(photoToLoad.imageView); if (tag == null || !tag.equals(photoToLoad.url)) return true; return false; } // 用於在UI線程中更新界面 class BitmapDisplayer implements Runnable { Bitmap bitmap; PhotoToLoad photoToLoad; public BitmapDisplayer(Bitmap b, PhotoToLoad p) { bitmap = b; photoToLoad = p; } public void run() { if (imageViewReused(photoToLoad)) return; if (bitmap != null) photoToLoad.imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); else photoToLoad.imageView.setImageResource(stub_id); } } public void clearCache() { memoryCache.clear(); fileCache.clear(); } public static void CopyStream(InputStream is, OutputStream os) { final int buffer_size = 1024; try { byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer_size]; for (;;) { int count = is.read(bytes, 0, buffer_size); if (count == -1) break; os.write(bytes, 0, count); } } catch (Exception ex) { } } }
主要流程是先從內存緩存中查找,若沒有再開線程,從文件緩存中查找都沒有則從指定的url中查找,並對bitmap進行處理,最後經過下面方法對UI進行更新操做。
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a.runOnUiThread(...);
在你的程序中的基本用法:
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ImageLoader imageLoader=new ImageLoader(context); ... imageLoader.DisplayImage(url, imageView);
好比你的放在你的ListView的adapter的getView()方法中,固然也適用於GridView。
OK,先到這。