Spring Data JPA REST Query QueryDSL

案例概述

在本教程中，咱們將研究使用Spring Data JPA和Querydsl爲REST API構建查詢語言。

在本系列的前兩篇文章中，咱們使用JPA Criteria和Spring Data JPA規範構建了相同的搜索/過濾功能。

那麼 - 爲何要使用查詢語言？由於 - 對於任何複雜的API來講 - 經過很是簡單的字段搜索/過濾資源是不夠的。查詢語言更靈活，容許您精確過濾所需的資源。

Querydsl配置

首先 - 讓咱們看看如何配置咱們的項目以使用Querydsl。

咱們須要將如下依賴項添加到pom.xml：

<dependency> 
    <groupId>com.querydsl</groupId> 
    <artifactId>querydsl-apt</artifactId> 
    <version>4.1.4</version>
    </dependency>
<dependency> 
    <groupId>com.querydsl</groupId> 
    <artifactId>querydsl-jpa</artifactId> 
    <version>4.1.4</version> 
</dependency>
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咱們還須要配置APT - Annotation處理工具 - 插件以下：

<plugin>
    <groupId>com.mysema.maven</groupId>
    <artifactId>apt-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.3</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>process</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <outputDirectory>target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>
                <processor>com.mysema.query.apt.jpa.JPAAnnotationProcessor</processor>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
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MyUser Entity

接下來 - 讓咱們看一下咱們將在Search API中使用的「MyUser」實體：

@Entity
public class MyUser {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;
 
    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String email;
 
    private int age;
}
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使用PathBuilder自定義Predicate

如今 - 讓咱們根據一些任意約束建立一個自定義Predicate。

咱們在這裏使用PathBuilder而不是自動生成的Q類型，由於咱們須要動態建立路徑以得到更抽象的用法：

public class MyUserPredicate {
 
    private SearchCriteria criteria;
 
    public BooleanExpression getPredicate() {
        PathBuilder<MyUser> entityPath = new PathBuilder<>(MyUser.class, "user");
 
        if (isNumeric(criteria.getValue().toString())) {
            NumberPath<Integer> path = entityPath.getNumber(criteria.getKey(), Integer.class);
            int value = Integer.parseInt(criteria.getValue().toString());
            switch (criteria.getOperation()) {
                case ":":
                    return path.eq(value);
                case ">":
                    return path.goe(value);
                case "<":
                    return path.loe(value);
            }
        } 
        else {
            StringPath path = entityPath.getString(criteria.getKey());
            if (criteria.getOperation().equalsIgnoreCase(":")) {
                return path.containsIgnoreCase(criteria.getValue().toString());
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
}
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請注意Predicate的實現是一般如何處理多種類型的操做。這是由於查詢語言根據定義是一種開放式語言，您可使用任何支持的操做對任何字段進行過濾。

爲了表示這種開放式過濾標準，咱們使用了一個簡單但很是靈活的實現 - SearchCriteria：

public class SearchCriteria {
    private String key;
    private String operation;
    private Object value;
}
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• key：用於保存字段名稱 - 例如：firstName，age，...等。
• operation：用於保持操做 - 例如：Equality，less，...等。
• value：用於保存字段值 - 例如：john，25，...等。

MyUserRepository

如今 - 讓咱們來看看咱們的MyUserRepository。

咱們須要MyUserRepository來擴展QueryDslPredicateExecutor，以便咱們之後可使用Predicates來過濾搜索結果：

public interface MyUserRepository extends JpaRepository<MyUser, Long>,   QueryDslPredicateExecutor<MyUser>, QuerydslBinderCustomizer<QMyUser> {
    @Override
    default public void customize(       QuerydslBindings bindings, QMyUser root) {
        bindings.bind(String.class)
          .first((SingleValueBinding<StringPath, String>) StringExpression::containsIgnoreCase);
        bindings.excluding(root.email);
      }
}
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結合Predicates

接下來讓咱們看看組合Predicates在結果過濾中使用多個約束。

在如下示例中 - 咱們使用構建器 - MyUserPredicatesBuilder - 來組合Predicates:

public class MyUserPredicatesBuilder {
    private List<SearchCriteria> params;
 
    public MyUserPredicatesBuilder() {
        params = new ArrayList<>();
    }
 
    public MyUserPredicatesBuilder with(       String key, String operation, Object value) {
   
        params.add(new SearchCriteria(key, operation, value));
        return this;
    }
 
    public BooleanExpression build() {
        if (params.size() == 0) {
            return null;
        }
 
        List<BooleanExpression> predicates = new ArrayList<>();
        MyUserPredicate predicate;
        for (SearchCriteria param : params) {
            predicate = new MyUserPredicate(param);
            BooleanExpression exp = predicate.getPredicate();
            if (exp != null) {
                predicates.add(exp);
            }
        }
 
        BooleanExpression result = predicates.get(0);
        for (int i = 1; i < predicates.size(); i++) {
            result = result.and(predicates.get(i));
        }
        return result;
    }
}
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測試搜索查詢

接下來 - 讓咱們測試一下咱們的Search API。

咱們將首先使用少數用戶初始化數據庫 - 準備好這些數據並進行測試：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { PersistenceConfig.class })
@Transactional
@Rollback
public class JPAQuerydslIntegrationTest {
 
    @Autowired
    private MyUserRepository repo;
 
    private MyUser userJohn;
    private MyUser userTom;
 
    @Before
    public void init() {
        userJohn = new MyUser();
        userJohn.setFirstName("John");
        userJohn.setLastName("Doe");
        userJohn.setEmail("john@doe.com");
        userJohn.setAge(22);
        repo.save(userJohn);
 
        userTom = new MyUser();
        userTom.setFirstName("Tom");
        userTom.setLastName("Doe");
        userTom.setEmail("tom@doe.com");
        userTom.setAge(26);
        repo.save(userTom);
    }
}
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接下來，讓咱們看看如何查找具備給定姓氏的用戶：

@Test
public void givenLast_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    MyUserPredicatesBuilder builder = new MyUserPredicatesBuilder().with("lastName", ":", "Doe");
 
    Iterable<MyUser> results = repo.findAll(builder.build());
    assertThat(results, containsInAnyOrder(userJohn, userTom));
}
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如今，讓咱們看看如何找到具備名字和姓氏的用戶：

@Test
public void givenFirstAndLastName_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    MyUserPredicatesBuilder builder = new MyUserPredicatesBuilder()
      .with("firstName", ":", "John").with("lastName", ":", "Doe");
 
    Iterable<MyUser> results = repo.findAll(builder.build());
 
    assertThat(results, contains(userJohn));
    assertThat(results, not(contains(userTom)));
}
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接下來，讓咱們看看如何找到具備姓氏和最小年齡的用戶

@Test
public void givenLastAndAge_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    MyUserPredicatesBuilder builder = new MyUserPredicatesBuilder()
      .with("lastName", ":", "Doe").with("age", ">", "25");
 
    Iterable<MyUser> results = repo.findAll(builder.build());
 
    assertThat(results, contains(userTom));
    assertThat(results, not(contains(userJohn)));
}
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接下來，讓咱們搜索實際不存在的用戶：

@Test
public void givenWrongFirstAndLast_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    MyUserPredicatesBuilder builder = new MyUserPredicatesBuilder()
      .with("firstName", ":", "Adam").with("lastName", ":", "Fox");
 
    Iterable<MyUser> results = repo.findAll(builder.build());
    assertThat(results, emptyIterable());
}
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最後 - 讓咱們看看如何找到僅給出名字的一部分的MyUser - 以下例所示：

@Test
public void givenPartialFirst_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
    MyUserPredicatesBuilder builder = new MyUserPredicatesBuilder().with("firstName", ":", "jo");
 
    Iterable<MyUser> results = repo.findAll(builder.build());
 
    assertThat(results, contains(userJohn));
    assertThat(results, not(contains(userTom)));
}
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UserController

最後，讓咱們將全部內容放在一塊兒並構建REST API。

咱們定義了一個UserController，它定義了一個帶有「search」參數的簡單方法findAll（）來傳遞查詢字符串：

@Controller
public class UserController {
 
    @Autowired
    private MyUserRepository myUserRepository;
 
    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/myusers")
    @ResponseBody
    public Iterable<MyUser> search(@RequestParam(value = "search") String search) {
        MyUserPredicatesBuilder builder = new MyUserPredicatesBuilder();
 
        if (search != null) {
            Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\w+?)(:|<|>)(\w+?),");
            Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(search + ",");
            while (matcher.find()) {
                builder.with(matcher.group(1), matcher.group(2), matcher.group(3));
            }
        }
        BooleanExpression exp = builder.build();
        return myUserRepository.findAll(exp);
    }
}
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這是一個快速測試URL示例：

http://localhost:8080/myusers?search=lastName:doe,age>25
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迴應：

[{
    "id":2,
    "firstName":"tom",
    "lastName":"doe",
    "email":"tom@doe.com",
    "age":26
}]
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案例結論

第三篇文章介紹了爲REST API構建查詢語言的第一步，充分利用了Querydsl庫。