案例概述html
在本系列的第一篇文章中,咱們將探索一種用於REST API的簡單查詢語言。咱們將充分利用Spring做爲REST API,並將JPA 2標準用於持久性方面。java
**爲何使用查詢語言?**由於 - 對於任何複雜的API - 經過很是簡單的字段搜索/過濾資源是不夠的。查詢語言更靈活,容許您精確過濾所需的資源。spring
User Entity數據庫
首先 - 讓咱們提出咱們將用於過濾器/搜索API的簡單實體 - 一個基本用戶:json
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private int age;
}
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使用CriteriaBuilder進行過濾api
如今 - 讓咱們深刻研究問題 - 持久層中的查詢。bash
構建查詢抽象是一個平衡問題。一方面咱們須要很大的靈活性,另外一方面咱們須要保持複雜性可管理性。高級別,功能很簡單 - 你傳遞一些約束,你會獲得一些結果。app
讓咱們看看它是如何工做的:less
@Repository
public class UserDAO implements IUserDAO {
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
@Override
public List<User> searchUser(List<SearchCriteria> params) {
CriteriaBuilder builder = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder();
CriteriaQuery<User> query = builder.createQuery(User.class);
Root r = query.from(User.class);
Predicate predicate = builder.conjunction();
for (SearchCriteria param : params) {
if (param.getOperation().equalsIgnoreCase(">")) {
predicate = builder.and(predicate,
builder.greaterThanOrEqualTo(r.get(param.getKey()),
param.getValue().toString()));
} else if (param.getOperation().equalsIgnoreCase("<")) {
predicate = builder.and(predicate,
builder.lessThanOrEqualTo(r.get(param.getKey()),
param.getValue().toString()));
} else if (param.getOperation().equalsIgnoreCase(":")) {
if (r.get(param.getKey()).getJavaType() == String.class) {
predicate = builder.and(predicate,
builder.like(r.get(param.getKey()),
"%" + param.getValue() + "%"));
} else {
predicate = builder.and(predicate,
builder.equal(r.get(param.getKey()), param.getValue()));
}
}
}
query.where(predicate);
List<User> result = entityManager.createQuery(query).getResultList();
return result;
}
@Override
public void save(User entity) {
entityManager.persist(entity);
}
}
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如您所見,searchUser API獲取很是簡單的約束列表,根據這些約束組成查詢,執行搜索並返回結果。ide
約束類也很簡單:
public class SearchCriteria {
private String key;
private String operation;
private Object value;
}
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該SearchCriteria實現持有咱們的查詢參數:
測試搜索查詢
如今 - 讓咱們測試咱們的搜索機制,以確保它可用。
首先 - 讓咱們經過添加兩個用戶來初始化咱們的數據庫以進行測試 - 以下例所示:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { PersistenceConfig.class })
@Transactional
@TransactionConfiguration
public class JPACriteriaQueryTest {
@Autowired
private IUserDAO userApi;
private User userJohn;
private User userTom;
@Before
public void init() {
userJohn = new User();
userJohn.setFirstName("John");
userJohn.setLastName("Doe");
userJohn.setEmail("john@doe.com");
userJohn.setAge(22);
userApi.save(userJohn);
userTom = new User();
userTom.setFirstName("Tom");
userTom.setLastName("Doe");
userTom.setEmail("tom@doe.com");
userTom.setAge(26);
userApi.save(userTom);
}
}
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如今,讓咱們獲得一個具備特定firstName和lastName的用戶 - 以下例所示:
@Test
public void givenFirstAndLastName_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
params.add(new SearchCriteria("firstName", ":", "John"));
params.add(new SearchCriteria("lastName", ":", "Doe"));
List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);
assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}
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接下來,讓咱們獲得一個具備相同lastName的用戶列表:
@Test
public void givenLast_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
params.add(new SearchCriteria("lastName", ":", "Doe"));
List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);
assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
assertThat(userTom, isIn(results));
}
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接下來,讓age大於或等於25的用戶:
@Test
public void givenLastAndAge_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
params.add(new SearchCriteria("lastName", ":", "Doe"));
params.add(new SearchCriteria("age", ">", "25"));
List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);
assertThat(userTom, isIn(results));
assertThat(userJohn, not(isIn(results)));
}
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接下來,讓咱們搜索實際不存在的用戶:
@Test
public void givenWrongFirstAndLast_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
params.add(new SearchCriteria("firstName", ":", "Adam"));
params.add(new SearchCriteria("lastName", ":", "Fox"));
List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);
assertThat(userJohn, not(isIn(results)));
assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}
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最後,讓咱們搜索僅給出部分firstName的用戶:
@Test
public void givenPartialFirst_whenGettingListOfUsers_thenCorrect() {
List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
params.add(new SearchCriteria("firstName", ":", "jo"));
List<User> results = userApi.searchUser(params);
assertThat(userJohn, isIn(results));
assertThat(userTom, not(isIn(results)));
}
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UserController
最後,讓咱們如今將這種靈活搜索的持久性支持鏈接到咱們的REST API。
咱們將設置一個簡單的UserController - 使用findAll()使用「search」傳遞整個搜索/過濾器表達式:
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private IUserDao api;
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/users")
@ResponseBody
public List<User> findAll(@RequestParam(value = "search", required = false) String search) {
List<SearchCriteria> params = new ArrayList<SearchCriteria>();
if (search != null) {
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\w+?)(:|<|>)(\w+?),");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(search + ",");
while (matcher.find()) {
params.add(new SearchCriteria(matcher.group(1),
matcher.group(2), matcher.group(3)));
}
}
return api.searchUser(params);
}
}
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請注意咱們如何簡單地從搜索表達式中建立搜索條件對象。
咱們如今正處於開始使用API並確保一切正常工做的地步:
http://localhost:8080/users?search=lastName:doe,age>25
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這是它的迴應:
[{
"id":2,
"firstName":"tom",
"lastName":"doe",
"email":"tom@doe.com",
"age":26
}]
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案例結論
這個簡單而強大的實現支持對REST API進行至關多的智能過濾。是的—它仍然很粗糙,能夠改進(下一篇文章將對此進行改進)—但它是在api上實現這種過濾功能的堅實起點。