從新封裝zend的原生方法php
若是要檢測CPU的話,會有5ms的延遲,由於須要計算cpu頻率html
內部使用了鏈表數組
源碼地址:/root/Downloads/xhprof/extension/xhprof.c
app
/* Xhprof's global state. * * This structure is instantiated once. Initialize defaults for attributes in * 這個結構體只初始化一次 * hp_init_profiler_state() Cleanup/free attributes in * hp_clean_profiler_state() */ typedef struct hp_global_t { /* ---------- Global attributes: ----------- */ /* Indicates if xhprof is currently enabled 是否當前可用 */ int enabled; /* Indicates if xhprof was ever enabled during this request 在本次請求過程當中是否其用過xhprof */ int ever_enabled; /* Holds all the xhprof statistics */ zval *stats_count; /* Indicates the current xhprof mode or level 當前的運行模式和等級*/ int profiler_level; /* Top of the profile stack 堆棧中的第一個*/ hp_entry_t *entries; /* freelist of hp_entry_t chunks for reuse... */ hp_entry_t *entry_free_list; /* Callbacks for various xhprof modes 表明不一樣模式的回調麼?*/ hp_mode_cb mode_cb; /* ---------- Mode specific attributes: ----------- */ /* Global to track the time of the last sample in time and ticks */ struct timeval last_sample_time; uint64 last_sample_tsc; /* XHPROF_SAMPLING_INTERVAL in ticks */ uint64 sampling_interval_tsc; /* This array is used to store cpu frequencies for all available logical * cpus. For now, we assume the cpu frequencies will not change for power * saving or other reasons. If we need to worry about that in the future, we * can use a periodical timer to re-calculate this arrary every once in a * while (for example, every 1 or 5 seconds). 處理器的執行頻率?*/ double *cpu_frequencies; /* The number of logical CPUs this machine has. 邏輯cpu的數量*/ uint32 cpu_num; /* The saved cpu affinity. */ cpu_set_t prev_mask; /* The cpu id current process is bound to. (default 0) 當前進程在的處理器的id*/ uint32 cur_cpu_id; /* XHProf flags */ uint32 xhprof_flags; /* counter table indexed by hash value of function names. 方法的調用次數的表*/ uint8 func_hash_counters[256]; /* Table of ignored function names and their filter 忽略統計的方法的表格*/ char **ignored_function_names; uint8 ignored_function_filter[XHPROF_IGNORED_FUNCTION_FILTER_SIZE]; } hp_global_t;
typedef struct hp_entry_t { char *name_hprof; /* function name 方法名稱*/ int rlvl_hprof; /* recursion level for function 方法的遞歸層級*/ uint64 tsc_start; /* start value for TSC counter 開始的時鐘週期*/ long int mu_start_hprof; /* memory usage 內存使用量*/ long int pmu_start_hprof; /* peak memory usage 內存使用峯值*/ struct rusage ru_start_hprof; /* user/sys time start */ struct hp_entry_t *prev_hprof; /* ptr to prev entry being profiled 指向上一個被分析的指針*/ uint8 hash_code; /* hash_code for the function name 每一個方法名稱對應的hash*/ } hp_entry_t;
咱們先看下XHProf的使用方法dom
<?php // 開啓xhprof監控 //xhprof_enable(XHPROF_FLAGS_CPU | XHPROF_FLAGS_MEMORY); xhprof_enable(); // 執行函數,這個地方會調用zend_execute test(); // 將字符串處理成命令解析 會調用zend_compile_string eval('test();'); $data = xhprof_disable(); include './xhprof_lib/utils/xhprof_lib.php'; include './xhprof_lib/utils/xhprof_runs.php'; $xhprof_runs = new XHProfRuns_Default(); $run_id = $xhprof_runs->save_run($data,'test'); // 我這裏直接將可視化的連接地址打印了出來,方便調試 echo "<a href='http://192.168.186.136/xhprof_html/index.php?run=".$run_id."&source=test'>test</a>"; function test() { $a = range(0,10000); foreach($a as $item) { // pass } }
執行結果以下:(能夠直接跳過結果,看下面,可是要記住有ct、wt這兩個值)ide
array(7) { ["test==>range"]=> array(2) { ["ct"]=> int(2) ["wt"]=> int(4463) } ["main()==>test"]=> array(2) { ["ct"]=> int(1) ["wt"]=> int(3069) } ["main()==>eval::/var/www/html/index2.php(9) : eval()'d code"]=> array(2) { ["ct"]=> int(1) ["wt"]=> int(16) } ["eval==>test"]=> array(2) { ["ct"]=> int(1) ["wt"]=> int(2614) } ["main()==>eval"]=> array(2) { ["ct"]=> int(1) ["wt"]=> int(2617) } ["main()==>xhprof_disable"]=> array(2) { ["ct"]=> int(1) ["wt"]=> int(0) } ["main()"]=> array(2) { ["ct"]=> int(1) ["wt"]=> int(5716) } }
首先咱們來看xhprof_enable()
,這個方法定義了要接受的三個參數,而且將這三個參數分別傳遞給兩個方法使用,其中最重要的是hp_begin()
函數
/** * Start XHProf profiling in hierarchical mode. * * @param long $flags flags for hierarchical mode * @return void * @author kannan */ PHP_FUNCTION(xhprof_enable) { long xhprof_flags = 0; /* XHProf flags */ zval *optional_array = NULL; /* optional array arg: for future use */ /* 獲取參數而且容許傳遞一個l 和z的可選參數 分別表明xhprof_flags 和 optional_array 關於TSRMLS_CC 能夠看http://www.laruence.com/2008/08/03/201.html 另外關於zend_parse_parameters的返回值failure 表明參數的處理是否成功 */ if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|lz", &xhprof_flags, &optional_array) == FAILURE) { return; } /* 從參數中獲取須要被忽略的方法 參照手冊參數的說明 http://php.net/manual/zh/function.xhprof-enable.php */ hp_get_ignored_functions_from_arg(optional_array); hp_begin(XHPROF_MODE_HIERARCHICAL, xhprof_flags TSRMLS_CC); }
這個方法看起來很長,可是世界上邏輯很簡單,主要是進行了一些初始化。
下面一共進行了四次replace,用來封裝zend的方法。性能
下面這四個從新替換封裝很是重要,具體的方法做用已經在下面的代碼註釋中寫明瞭。ui
zend_compile_file
=> hp_compile_file
this
zend_compile_string
=> hp_compile_string
zend_execute
=> hp_execute
zend_execute_internal
=> hp_execute_internal
/** * This function gets called once when xhprof gets enabled. * 這個方法在enable的時候調用一次 * It replaces all the functions like zend_execute, zend_execute_internal, * etc that needs to be instrumented with their corresponding proxies. * 他用來替換zend的一些須要被代理的方法意思就是xhprof劫持了原生方法 * hp_begin(XHPROF_MODE_HIERARCHICAL, xhprof_flags TSRMLS_CC); * * level 等級 * xhprof_flags 運行方式 */ static void hp_begin(long level, long xhprof_flags TSRMLS_DC) { /* 若是xhprof 沒有開啓,也就是沒有調用enable方法,那麼走這裏買的邏輯,這個是經過hp_globals來判斷的, */ if (!hp_globals.enabled) { int hp_profile_flag = 1; hp_globals.enabled = 1; /* 這裏修改了enbale狀態,保證enable在整個請求過程當中只會被第一次調用觸發 */ hp_globals.xhprof_flags = (uint32)xhprof_flags; /* 格式化爲32位的無符號整數 */ /* 下面一共進行了四次replace,用來封裝zend的方法 1. zend_compile_file => hp_compile_file zend_compile_file負責將要執行的腳本文件編譯成由ZE的基本指令序列構成的op codes , 而後將op codes交由zend_execute執行,從而獲得咱們腳本的結果。 http://www.laruence.com/2008/08/14/250.html 2. zend_compile_string => hp_compile_string 這個是把php代碼編譯成爲opcode的過程 http://www.phpchina.com/portal.php?mod=view&aid=40347 3. zend_execute => hp_execute zend_compile_file() zend_compile_file() is the wrapper for the lexer, parser, and code generator. It compiles a file and returns a zend_op_array. zend_execute() After a file is compiled, its zend_op_array is executed by zend_execute(). http://php.find-info.ru/php/016/ch23lev1sec2.html 4. zend_execute_internal => hp_execute_internal There is also a companion zend_execute_internal() function, which executes internal functions. */ /* Replace zend_compile with our proxy 先對其進行了備份_,經過加入_下劃線的方式,而後使用hp_compile_file來替換*/ _zend_compile_file = zend_compile_file; zend_compile_file = hp_compile_file; /* Replace zend_compile_string with our proxy */ _zend_compile_string = zend_compile_string; zend_compile_string = hp_compile_string; /* Replace zend_execute with our proxy */ #if PHP_VERSION_ID < 50500 _zend_execute = zend_execute; zend_execute = hp_execute; #else _zend_execute_ex = zend_execute_ex; zend_execute_ex = hp_execute_ex; #endif /* Replace zend_execute_internal with our proxy */ _zend_execute_internal = zend_execute_internal; /* XHPROF_FLAGS_NO_BUILTINGS 是用來標識,不須要統計內置函數性能 經過位運算&來判斷是否用戶傳遞的flags包含了NO_BUILTINGS 除此以外還包含一下三種flags 1. HPROF_FLAGS_NO_BUILTINS (integer) 使得跳過全部內置(內部)函數。 2. XHPROF_FLAGS_CPU (integer) 使輸出的性能數據中添加 CPU 數據。 3. XHPROF_FLAGS_MEMORY (integer) 使輸出的性能數據中添加內存數據。 */ if (!(hp_globals.xhprof_flags & XHPROF_FLAGS_NO_BUILTINS)) { /* if NO_BUILTINS is not set (i.e. user wants to profile builtins), * then we intercept internal (builtin) function calls. * 若是沒有設置的話,那麼就表明用戶想分析內置函數性能,而且咱們就會攔截內置的方法請求 */ zend_execute_internal = hp_execute_internal; } /* Initialize with the dummy mode first Having these dummy callbacks saves * us from checking if any of the callbacks are NULL everywhere. * 首先來初始化一下這些方法,能夠避免在回調方法爲NULL的時候*/ hp_globals.mode_cb.init_cb = hp_mode_dummy_init_cb; hp_globals.mode_cb.exit_cb = hp_mode_dummy_exit_cb; hp_globals.mode_cb.begin_fn_cb = hp_mode_dummy_beginfn_cb; hp_globals.mode_cb.end_fn_cb = hp_mode_dummy_endfn_cb; /* Register the appropriate callback functions Override just a subset of * all the callbacks is OK. 根據不一樣的處理模式,簡單仍是詳細*/ switch(level) { /* 通常都是使用的這個模式,因此咱們專一看這個mode */ case XHPROF_MODE_HIERARCHICAL: hp_globals.mode_cb.begin_fn_cb = hp_mode_hier_beginfn_cb; hp_globals.mode_cb.end_fn_cb = hp_mode_hier_endfn_cb; break; case XHPROF_MODE_SAMPLED: hp_globals.mode_cb.init_cb = hp_mode_sampled_init_cb; hp_globals.mode_cb.begin_fn_cb = hp_mode_sampled_beginfn_cb; hp_globals.mode_cb.end_fn_cb = hp_mode_sampled_endfn_cb; break; } /* one time initializations 初始化分析器,內部搞定了cpu頻率、initcb、可忽略的方法*/ hp_init_profiler_state(level TSRMLS_CC); /* start profiling from fictitious main() */ BEGIN_PROFILING(&hp_globals.entries, ROOT_SYMBOL, hp_profile_flag); } }
/** * Initialize profiler state * 初始化分析器狀態 * * 這裏最開始的時候傳遞進來的level是XHPROF_MODE_HIERARCHICAL * * @author kannan, veeve */ void hp_init_profiler_state(int level TSRMLS_DC) { /* Setup globals */ if (!hp_globals.ever_enabled) { /* 若是以前沒有開啓過xhprof,那麼將這個值初始化爲1,如今就算開啓了 */ hp_globals.ever_enabled = 1; /* 堆棧的第一個設置空 */ hp_globals.entries = NULL; } /* 分析器的等級 */ hp_globals.profiler_level = (int) level; /* Init stats_count 初始化統計數量 */ if (hp_globals.stats_count) { /* 釋放這個內存 */ zval_dtor(hp_globals.stats_count); /* 通知垃圾回收機制來回收這個內存 */ FREE_ZVAL(hp_globals.stats_count); } /* 建立一個zval變量,而且初始化爲數組 參考 http://www.cunmou.com/phpbook/8.3.md */ MAKE_STD_ZVAL(hp_globals.stats_count); array_init(hp_globals.stats_count); /* NOTE(cjiang): some fields such as cpu_frequencies take relatively longer * to initialize, (5 milisecond per logical cpu right now), therefore we * calculate them lazily. 一些字段初始化起來要花費很是長的時間,那麼咱們要懶計算,就是放到後面計算*/ if (hp_globals.cpu_frequencies == NULL) { get_all_cpu_frequencies(); restore_cpu_affinity(&hp_globals.prev_mask); } /* bind to a random cpu so that we can use rdtsc instruction. 這裏居然是隨機綁定一個cpu*/ bind_to_cpu((int) (rand() % hp_globals.cpu_num)); /* Call current mode's init cb 根據不一樣的模式,調用初始方法,看line:1933*/ hp_globals.mode_cb.init_cb(TSRMLS_C); /* Set up filter of functions which may be ignored during profiling 設置被過濾的方法*/ hp_ignored_functions_filter_init(); }
在上面的方法中調用了一個get_all_cpu_frequencies()
,這個方法內部調用了一個get_cpu_frequency
頗有意思,由於這個方法將致使若是開啓CPU的檢測,那麼會有5ms的延遲
/** * This is a microbenchmark to get cpu frequency the process is running on. The * returned value is used to convert TSC counter values to microseconds. * * @return double. * @author cjiang */ static double get_cpu_frequency() { struct timeval start; struct timeval end; /* gettimeofday 獲取當前的時間,而且放到start中 */ if (gettimeofday(&start, 0)) { perror("gettimeofday"); return 0.0; } uint64 tsc_start = cycle_timer(); /* Sleep for 5 miliseconds. Comparaing with gettimeofday's few microseconds * execution time, this should be enough. * 這個是爲了獲取CPU的執行頻率,用5000微秒的時間中cpu的執行次數,來獲得每秒cpu能執行的頻率 * TSC 自從啓動CPU開始記錄的時鐘週期 * */ usleep(5000); if (gettimeofday(&end, 0)) { perror("gettimeofday"); return 0.0; } uint64 tsc_end = cycle_timer(); /* 時鐘週期的數量除以微秒時間間隔的數量獲得cpu頻率 */ return (tsc_end - tsc_start) * 1.0 / (get_us_interval(&start, &end)); }
這個就是分析的邏輯,他的要點在於生成了一個單項鍊表。
/* * Start profiling - called just before calling the actual function * 開始分析,只在正式方法調用以前要調用 * NOTE: PLEASE MAKE SURE TSRMLS_CC IS AVAILABLE IN THE CONTEXT * OF THE FUNCTION WHERE THIS MACRO IS CALLED. * TSRMLS_CC CAN BE MADE AVAILABLE VIA TSRMLS_DC IN THE * CALLING FUNCTION OR BY CALLING TSRMLS_FETCH() * TSRMLS_FETCH() IS RELATIVELY EXPENSIVE. * entries 這裏傳遞進來的是hp_entry_t的一個指向指針的地址 * 這個地方實際上生成的是一個單鏈表,都是用prev_hprof 來進行關聯 * * 這裏do while(0) 是用來封裝宏的 * */ #define BEGIN_PROFILING(entries, symbol, profile_curr) \ do { \ /* Use a hash code to filter most of the string comparisons. */ \ uint8 hash_code = hp_inline_hash(symbol); \ /* 判斷這個方法是不是須要忽略的方法,若是不是須要被忽略的,那麼進行分析 */ \ profile_curr = !hp_ignore_entry(hash_code, symbol); \ if (profile_curr) { \ /* 返回一個指針(地址),開闢了一個內存空間給cur_entry,包括了hash_code、方法名稱、堆棧指針 */ \ hp_entry_t *cur_entry = hp_fast_alloc_hprof_entry(); \ (cur_entry)->hash_code = hash_code; \ (cur_entry)->name_hprof = symbol; \ /* 這裏的*entries 指向的是指針hp_global_t.entires 堆棧的首地址 */ \ (cur_entry)->prev_hprof = (*(entries)); \ /* Call the universal callback*/ \ hp_mode_common_beginfn((entries), (cur_entry) TSRMLS_CC); \ /* Call the mode's beginfn callback 這個方法除卻cpu和mem 只是設置了tsc_Start */ \ hp_globals.mode_cb.begin_fn_cb((entries), (cur_entry) TSRMLS_CC); \ /* Update entries linked list */ \ (*(entries)) = (cur_entry); \ } \ } while (0)
咱們能夠看上面的鏈表在生成的過程當中,調用了 hp_globals.mode_cb.begin_fn_cb
方法。咱們這裏不考慮CPU和內存,那麼發現給每隔current設置了一個tsc的起始時鐘週期。
/** * XHPROF_MODE_HIERARCHICAL's begin function callback * * @author kannan */ void hp_mode_hier_beginfn_cb(hp_entry_t **entries, hp_entry_t *current TSRMLS_DC) { /* Get start tsc counter */ current->tsc_start = cycle_timer(); /* Get CPU usage 若是要計算cpu的話*/ if (hp_globals.xhprof_flags & XHPROF_FLAGS_CPU) { getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &(current->ru_start_hprof)); } /* Get memory usage 若是要計算內存的話*/ if (hp_globals.xhprof_flags & XHPROF_FLAGS_MEMORY) { current->mu_start_hprof = zend_memory_usage(0 TSRMLS_CC); current->pmu_start_hprof = zend_memory_peak_usage(0 TSRMLS_CC); } }
每次有代碼執行的時候,都會走這個地方,這段代碼主要是在執行zend_execute的先後,粉分別調用了BEGIN_PROFILING
和END_PROFILING
#if PHP_VERSION_ID < 50500 ZEND_DLEXPORT void hp_execute (zend_op_array *ops TSRMLS_DC) { #else ZEND_DLEXPORT void hp_execute_ex (zend_execute_data *execute_data TSRMLS_DC) { zend_op_array *ops = execute_data->op_array; #endif char *func = NULL; int hp_profile_flag = 1; func = hp_get_function_name(ops TSRMLS_CC); if (!func) { #if PHP_VERSION_ID < 50500 _zend_execute(ops TSRMLS_CC); #else _zend_execute_ex(execute_data TSRMLS_CC); #endif return; } BEGIN_PROFILING(&hp_globals.entries, func, hp_profile_flag); #if PHP_VERSION_ID < 50500 _zend_execute(ops TSRMLS_CC); #else _zend_execute_ex(execute_data TSRMLS_CC); #endif if (hp_globals.entries) { END_PROFILING(&hp_globals.entries, hp_profile_flag); } efree(func); }
hp_globals.mode_cb.end_fn_cb((entries) TSRMLS_CC);
這段代碼最終指向了hp_mode_hier_endfn_cb
,這段代碼中主要構成了一個'==>'數據格式,而且計算了每一個方法的調用次數。
void hp_mode_hier_endfn_cb(hp_entry_t **entries TSRMLS_DC) { /* 整個堆棧的最後一個調用 */ hp_entry_t *top = (*entries); zval *counts; struct rusage ru_end; char symbol[SCRATCH_BUF_LEN]; long int mu_end; long int pmu_end; /* Get the stat array */ hp_get_function_stack(top, 2, symbol, sizeof(symbol)); if (!(counts = hp_mode_shared_endfn_cb(top, symbol TSRMLS_CC))) { return; } if (hp_globals.xhprof_flags & XHPROF_FLAGS_CPU) { /* Get CPU usage */ getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru_end); /* Bump CPU stats in the counts hashtable */ hp_inc_count(counts, "cpu", (get_us_interval(&(top->ru_start_hprof.ru_utime), &(ru_end.ru_utime)) + get_us_interval(&(top->ru_start_hprof.ru_stime), &(ru_end.ru_stime))) TSRMLS_CC); } if (hp_globals.xhprof_flags & XHPROF_FLAGS_MEMORY) { /* Get Memory usage */ mu_end = zend_memory_usage(0 TSRMLS_CC); pmu_end = zend_memory_peak_usage(0 TSRMLS_CC); /* Bump Memory stats in the counts hashtable */ hp_inc_count(counts, "mu", mu_end - top->mu_start_hprof TSRMLS_CC); hp_inc_count(counts, "pmu", pmu_end - top->pmu_start_hprof TSRMLS_CC); } }
這個方法統計了調用次數和消耗時間,實際上最終全部的數據都存儲在hp_entry_t
所構造的鏈表中
zval * hp_mode_shared_endfn_cb(hp_entry_t *top, char *symbol TSRMLS_DC) { zval *counts; uint64 tsc_end; /* Get end tsc counter */ tsc_end = cycle_timer(); /* Get the stat array */ if (!(counts = hp_hash_lookup(symbol TSRMLS_CC))) { return (zval *) 0; } /* Bump stats in the counts hashtable */ hp_inc_count(counts, "ct", 1 TSRMLS_CC); hp_inc_count(counts, "wt", get_us_from_tsc(tsc_end - top->tsc_start, hp_globals.cpu_frequencies[hp_globals.cur_cpu_id]) TSRMLS_CC); return counts; }