Docker - 02 建立鏡像 Dockerfile 指令速查表

目錄

• 01 Docker 經常使用指令、參數配置速查表
• 02 Dockerfile 指令速查表
• 03 Docker Compose 指令速查表

Docker - 02 建立鏡像 Dockerfile 指令速查表

docker build 命令

參數	說明	示例
-f	指定 Dockerfile 位置	docker build -f /path/to/a/Dockerfile .
-t	指定鏡像名稱	docker build -t shykes/myapp:v1.1.2 .
-t -t	生成多個鏡像	docker build -t shykes/myapp:v1.1.2 -t shykes/myapp:latest .

Dockerfile 指令速查表

命令	說明	示例
FROM	基於這個Image開始	FROM nginx:latest
ENV	環境變量	ENV localfile /usr/local/nginx
RUN	新層中執行命令	RUN /bin/bash -c 'source $HOME/.bashrc; echo $HOME'
LABEL	設置metadata	LABEL version="1.0"
MAINTAINER	維護者 (deprecated)	MAINTAINER ducafecat
EXPOSE	聲明容器監聽端口	EXPOSE 80 443
ADD	複製文件	ADD ./dist ${foo}/html
COPY	複製文件	COPY ./dist ${foo}/html
ENTRYPOINT	容器啓動時執行指令	CMD ["ls"]
CMD	容器啓動時執行指令默認值	CMD ["-la"]
VOLUME	掛載點	VOLUME ["/data"]
USER	指定操做用戶	USER www
WORKDIR	設置工做目錄	WORKDIR /path/to/workdir
ARG	設置參數	ARG user=www
ONBUILD	鏡像被From時觸發	ONBUILD RUN /bin/bash -c 'echo ONBUILD ...'
STOPSIGNAL	中止信號退出	STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM
HEALTHCHECK	檢查容器的健康情況	HEALTHCHECK --interval=5m --timeout=3s CMD curl -f http://localhost/
SHELL	覆蓋默認shell	SHELL ["powershell", "-command"]

.dockerignore 文件

參數	說明
#comment	忽略
*/temp*	純文件/somedir/temporary.txt被排除，目錄/somedir /temp也是如此。
*/*/temp*	/somedir/subdir/temporary.txt被排除。
temp?	/tempa和/tempb被排除在外。
!README.md	README.md 文件不會被排除

例子 - nginx 鏡像

FROM debian:stretch-slim

LABEL maintainer="NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>" 
ENV NGINX_VERSION 1.15.2-1~stretch
ENV NJS_VERSION   1.15.2.0.2.2-1~stretch

RUN set -x \ && apt-get update \ && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 apt-transport-https ca-certificates \ && \ NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; \ found=''; \ for server in \ ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net \ hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 \ hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 \ pgp.mit.edu \ ; do \ echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; \ apt-key adv --keyserver "$server" --keyserver-options timeout=10 --recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY" && found=yes && break; \ done; \ test -z "$found" && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY" && exit 1; \ apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y gnupg1 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \ && dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \ && nginxPackages=" \ nginx=${NGINX_VERSION} \ nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION} \ nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION} \ nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION} \ nginx-module-njs=${NJS_VERSION} \ " \ && case "$dpkgArch" in \ amd64|i386) \ # arches officialy built by upstream 			echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ stretch nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
			&& apt-get update \
			;; \
		*) \
# we're on an architecture upstream doesn't officially build for
# let's build binaries from the published source packages
			echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ stretch nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
			\
# new directory for storing sources and .deb files
			&& tempDir="$(mktemp -d)" \
			&& chmod 777 "$tempDir" \
# (777 to ensure APT's "_apt" user can access it too)
			\
# save list of currently-installed packages so build dependencies can be cleanly removed later
			&& savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)" \
			\
# build .deb files from upstream's source packages (which are verified by apt-get)
			&& apt-get update \
			&& apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages \
			&& ( \
				cd "$tempDir" \
				&& DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" \
					apt-get source --compile $nginxPackages \
			) \
# we don't remove APT lists here because they get re-downloaded and removed later
			\
# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies
# (which is done after we install the built packages so we don't have to redownload any overlapping dependencies)
			&& apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null \
			&& { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; } \
			\
# create a temporary local APT repo to install from (so that dependency resolution can be handled by APT, as it should be)
			&& ls -lAFh "$tempDir" \
			&& ( cd "$tempDir" && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages ) \
			&& grep '^Package: ' "$tempDir/Packages" \
			&& echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list \
# work around the following APT issue by using "Acquire::GzipIndexes=false" (overriding "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes")
# Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
# ...
# E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
			&& apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update \
			;; \
	esac \
	\
	&& apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y \
						$nginxPackages \
						gettext-base \
	&& apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
	\
# if we have leftovers from building, let's purge them (including extra, unnecessary build deps)
	&& if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then \
		apt-get purge -y --auto-remove \
		&& rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; \
	fi

# forward request and error logs to docker log collector
RUN ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log \ && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log 
EXPOSE 80

STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM

CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"] 複製代碼

參考

• Dockerfile reference
• Nginx Dockerfile

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