kvm安裝及配置

時間  2019-11-13
標籤 kvm 安裝 配置 简体版
原文   原文鏈接 
 yum install kvm libvirt python-virtinst qemu-kvm virt-viewer bridge-utils virt-install

修改網卡信息node

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eno16777736
DEVICE=eno16777736
ONBOOT=on
#IPADDR=192.168.209.20
#NETMAKE=255.255.255.0
#GATEWAY=192.168.209.2
#DNS1=202.106.0.20
BRIDGE=br0
Vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.0.255
IPADDR=192.168.1.101
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
ONBOOT=yes

查看網卡接口python

brctl showmysql

添加接口linux

brctl addbr br2ios

映射接口sql

brctl addif br2 eno16777736windows

/etc/init.d/libvirtd start

 

1.nat模式配置centos

KVM默認採用nat模式，用戶網絡（User Networking）：讓虛擬機訪問主機、互聯網或本地網絡上的資源的簡單方法，可是不能從網絡或其餘的客戶機訪問客戶機。在公網IP不夠使用KVM還須要上網的時候可使用，大大節省了公網IP！同時這種模式也使得KVM不用暴露在公網之中，也增長了安全性。api

下圖是虛擬機管理模塊產生的接口關係：安全

 

其中virbr0是由宿主機虛擬機支持模塊安裝時產生的虛擬網絡接口，也是一個switch和bridge，負責把內容分發到各虛擬機。

從圖上能夠看出，虛擬接口和物理接口之間沒有鏈接關係，因此虛擬機只能在經過虛擬的網絡訪問外部世界，沒法從網絡上定位和訪問虛擬主機。

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.Bridge方式

虛擬網橋（Virtual Bridge）：設置好後客戶機與互聯網，客戶機與主機之間均可以通訊，試用於須要多個公網IP的環境。

Bridge方式即虛擬網橋的網絡鏈接方式，是客戶機和子網裏面的機器可以互相通訊。可使虛擬機成爲網絡中具備獨立IP的主機。

橋接網絡（也叫物理設備共享）被用做把一個物理設備複製到一臺虛擬機。網橋多用做高級設置，特別是主機多個網絡接口的狀況。

 

 

如上圖，網橋的基本原理就是建立一個橋接接口br0，在物理網卡和虛擬網絡接口之間傳遞數據。

建立方法：

不用過多命令，只須要修改好網卡的橋接方式，配好IP便可，下面是範例，不用註釋仔細讀一遍就能看懂了！

=======kvm_server==========

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0 
DEVICE=br0
BOOTPROTO=none
TYPE=Bridge
IPADDR=114.137.122.233
NETMASK=255.255.255.128
GATEWAY=114.137.102.139
DNS1=202.96.122.83
IPV6INIT=no
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
ONBOOT=yesUSERCTL=no

[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br1
DEVICE=br1
BOOTPROTO=none
TYPE=Bridge
PADDR=192.168.1.12
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPV6INIT=no
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no

把虛擬機多添加一塊網卡

NAT模式的網絡

<interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:31:60:b3'/>
      <source network='default'/>
      <model type='rtl8139'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>

BRIDGE模式的網絡

<interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:6c:be:3d'/>
      <source bridge='br0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
 </interface>

 

建立磁盤

qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o preallocation=metadata /home/kvm/centos65-x64-mysql.qcow2 200G

 

Brdge網絡模式

virt-install --name=centos --ram 512 --vcpus=1 -f /home/kvm/centos65-x64-mysql.qcow2 --cdrom /ios/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5920, --network bridge=virbr0 --force --autostart

 

 

NAT網絡模式

virt-install --name= openfielr--ram 512 --vcpus=1 -f /home/kvm/test.qcow2 --cdrom /opt/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5988, --network network=default, --force --autostart

 

查看虛擬機狀態

 

virsh list --all

 

中止虛擬機

virsh destroy  openfile

 

啓動虛擬機

virsh  start  openfielr

 

刪除虛擬機實例

virsh  undefine  openfielr

Kvm版本

 

virt-install --version

 

 

Disk詳細信息

qemu-img info /ios/kvm/windows7.img

 

 

克隆虛擬機

virt-clone  -o win2003 -n xp1  -f /home/data/xp1.img

-o win2003 指定哪臺虛擬機背克隆

-n xp1 克隆的虛擬機的名稱

-f /home/data/xp1.img

 

配置文件存放的位置

 

建立快照

virsh snapshot-create-as centos centos.snap4

 

 

查詢快照

virsh snapshot-list centos

 

刪除快照

virsh snapshot-delete centos centos.snap4

 

 

 查看物理cpu

 

#virsh nodeinfo

CPU 型號：        x86_64

CPU：               2

CPU 頻率：        3292 MHz

CPU socket：        1

每一個 socket 的內核數： 2

每一個內核的線程數： 1

NUMA 單元：       1

內存大小：      1870516 KiB

 

 

 

 

 查看虛擬機配置

[root@mysql-master kvm]# virsh dominfo centos

Id:             -

名稱：       centos

UUID:           e2c53bb2-69e1-46be-9ddd-25b3f56e3b3f

OS 類型：    hvm

狀態：       關閉

CPU：          1

最大內存： 524288 KiB

使用的內存： 0 KiB

持久：       是

自動啓動： 啓用

管理的保存： 否

安全性模式： none

安全性 DOI： 0

 

 

 

 

 

查看存儲設備

virsh domblklist 60.28.198.39

 

 

 

Windows啓動實例

 

virt-install --name windows --ram 512 \

--vcpus=1 --disk path=/data/KVM/139.220.241.53.img,cache=writeback,size=2000\

--network  bridge:br0 \

--cdrom /data/en_win_srv_2003_r2_datacenter_x64_with_sp2_vl_cd1_X13-47474.iso \

--accelerate  --vnc  --vncport=5921 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 \

--noautoconsole --os-type  windows --hvm  --os-variant=win2k3
  



測試windows7能夠安裝
qemu-img create -f raw -o size=10G /ios/kvm/winds.img 
virt-install --name=win2003 --ram=512 --vcpus=1 --boot=cdrom --os-type windows \
--os-variant win2k3 \
--disk path=/ios/kvm/winds.img,device=disk,cache=writeback,bus=ide  \
--cdrom=/ios/kvm/cn_windows_7_ultimate_x64_dvd_x15-66043.iso \
--network network:default,model=virtio --soundhw=ac97 --video=cirrus \ 
--vnc --vncport=59000 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 --accelerate --hvm --noautoconsole

 冷遷移

導出虛擬機的配置文件

[root@mysql-master ~]# virsh dumpxml centos > /ios/kvm/centos.xml
 scp /home/kvm/centos65-x64-mysql.qcow2 root@192.168.209.22:/home/kvm/

[root@mysql-master kvm]# scp centos.xml root@192.168.209.22:/etc/libvirt/qemu/

把虛擬機的配置文件和磁盤，scp到第二臺kvm虛擬機中

第二臺機器

查看虛擬機的註冊

virsh list --all

把虛擬機註冊，注意（這裏是我把第一臺的虛擬機scp到第二臺的虛擬機中，沒有修改配置文件，正常狀況下是要修改配置文件的 虛擬機的名稱，id 網卡的mac 磁盤文件存放的位置）

root@localhost ~]#virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/centos.xml 

root@localhost ~]#virsh list --all
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
[root@localhost ~]# virsh start centos

 

 

windows系統虛擬機的文件

[root@mysql-master ~]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/win2003.xml 
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit win2003
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>win2003</name>
  <uuid>adf84c63-60d0-43d5-878c-20f1e17ae11f</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='cdrom'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <hyperv>
      <relaxed state='on'/>
      <vapic state='on'/>
      <spinlocks state='on' retries='8191'/>
    </hyperv>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'>
    <model fallback='allow'>Haswell-noTSX</model>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='localtime'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
    <timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='writeback'/>
      <source file='/ios/kvm/winds.img'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/ios/kvm/cn_windows_7_ultimate_x64_dvd_x15-66043.iso'/>
      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:72:6e:24'/>
      <source network='default'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target port='0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='59000' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <sound model='ac97'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </sound>
    <video>
      <model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>
[root@mysql-master ~]#
View Code

 linux系統虛擬機的配置文件

<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit centos
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>centos</name>
  <uuid>e2c53bb2-69e1-46be-9ddd-25b3f56e3b3f</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'>
    <model fallback='allow'>Haswell-noTSX</model>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/home/kvm/centos65-x64-mysql.qcow2'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:6c:be:3d'/>
      <source bridge='br0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:31:60:b3'/>
      <source network='net'/>
      <model type='rtl8139'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target port='0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='unix'>
      <source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-centos/org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5920' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>
View Code

 爲虛擬機添加磁盤

[root@cobbler kickstarts]#virsh edit centos6.5
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>
      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/test_add.img'/>
      <target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
    </disk>

 建立網卡

virsh asttach-interface centos --ytpe network --source default --config
virsh asttach-interface centos --ytpe  bridge   --source br0 --config

查看網卡信息

virsh domiflist centos

 網卡解綁

virsh detach-interface product-backend.4.2.0 --type bridge --mac 52:54:00:de:3c:99
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