MVC3.0+knockout.js+Ajax 實現簡單的增刪改查

時間 2019-11-12

標籤 mvc3.0+knockout.js+ajax mvc knockout ajax 實現簡單增刪欄目 JavaScript 简体版

原文原文鏈接

自從到北京入職以來就再也沒有接觸MVC，不少都已經淡忘了，最近一直在看knockout.js 和webAPI，原本打算採用MVC+knockout.js+webAPI來實現這個小DEMO的，無奈公司用的開發環境是VS2010只安裝了MVC3.0。那就先練習一下MVC和knockout吧。博客園裏有不少這樣的文章，可是以爲仍是要本身親自動手寫一下。javascript

本文不講解knockout.js和webAPI ，不瞭解的同窗能夠百度一下。下一篇博文將採用webAPI和Redis緩存做爲服務端重寫該項目。css

咱們採用MVC和knockout.js實現一個簡單的學生信息管理，實現學生信息的增刪改查功能。經過knockout.js來進行數據的綁定，你會發現代碼變得很優雅。在該項目中咱們會用到razor視圖以及Layout模板、RenderSection和Html.Partial等razor語法中的基本功能html

項目須要添加knockout.js文件的引用，能夠到官網上下載。java

1、咱們新建一個空的MVC項目jquery

knockout.js在Script文件夾中，只用關注帶黃色底紋的文件，其餘沒有用。web

2、文件講解ajax

一、咱們先來看看_Layout.cshtml文件json

_Layout.cshtml做爲模板頁面，Home文件夾下的全部*.cshtml都會引用該模板頁，在_Layout.cshtml咱們定義了@RenderSection("Header",false)一個區塊，那麼咱們就能夠在引用的具體頁面中在該區域內添加css和js腳本了。@Html.Partial("FootPartialPage")說明咱們引用了FootPartialPage. Cshtml的視圖。數組

下面咱們來看一下具體的代碼緩存

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
    <link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/Site.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.4.4.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/knockout-2.3.0.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>
    @RenderSection("Header",false)
</head>

<body>
    <div class="top">
    
    </div>

    <div class="content">
        @RenderBody()
    </div>

    <div class="foot">
        @Html.Partial("FootPartialPage")
    </div>
</body>
</html>

二、Models/Students.cs

Students爲咱們定義的一個學生類的實體，做爲數據的傳遞。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace MvcApplication1.Models
{
    public class Students
    {
        public string Num { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public string Sex { get; set; }
        public string Class { get; set; }
    }
}

三、 HomeController.cs控制器

HomeController中咱們定義了不少Action，實現增刪改查功能，直接看代碼吧，Action中的代碼最好配合着View來看。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication1.Models;

using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.IO;


namespace MvcApplication1.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        //
        // GET: /Home/

        private static List<Students> listStu = new List<Students>()
        {
            new Students(){Num="s0001",Name="張三",Age=19,Sex="man",Class="計算機1班"},
            new Students(){Num="s0002",Name="李四",Age=20,Sex="man",Class="計算機1班"},
            new Students(){Num="s0003",Name="王五",Age=18,Sex="man",Class="計算機1班"},
            new Students(){Num="s0004",Name="小紅",Age=17,Sex="women",Class="計算機'\"1班"},
        };
        //首頁
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            //序列化爲json數據
            DataContractJsonSerializer Serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(List<Students>));
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                Serializer.WriteObject(ms,listStu);
                ms.Flush();
                ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ms);
                ViewBag.Data = sr.ReadToEnd();
            }
            return View(ViewBag);
        }
        //新增頁面
        public ActionResult Add()
        {
            return View();
        }
        //新增事件
        [HttpPost]
        public JsonResult Add(FormCollection form)
        {
            listStu.Add(
            new Students() { Num = form["Num"], Name = form["Name"], Age = Convert.ToInt32(form["Age"]), Sex = form["Sex"], Class = form["Class"] }
            );
            return Json(new { type = "success" });
        }
        //編輯頁面
        public ActionResult edit(string id)
        {
            var item = listStu.Find(it => it.Num == id);
            //序列化爲json數據
            DataContractJsonSerializer Serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Students));
            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                Serializer.WriteObject(ms, item);
                ms.Flush();
                ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ms);
                ViewBag.Data = sr.ReadToEnd();
            }
            return View("eidt");
        }
        //編輯事件
        [HttpPost]
        public JsonResult edit(FormCollection form)
        {
            string Num = form["Num"];
            var item = listStu.Find(it => it.Num == Num);
            item. Name = form["Name"];
            item. Age = Convert.ToInt32(form["Age"]);
            item. Sex = form["Sex"];
            item. Class = form["Class"];
            return Json(new { type = "success" });
        }
        //刪除
        [HttpPost]
        public JsonResult Del(string id)
        {
            var item = listStu.Find(it => it.Num == id);
            listStu.Remove(item);
            return Json(new { type = "sucess" });
        }
       
    }
}

View Code

四、 Index.cshtml視圖

Index.cshtm是咱們的首頁，接收一個@ViewBag.Data的jason數據(該json數據是list<student>序列化來的，查看源代碼就能夠看到該數據)，經過knockout.js把數據綁定到頁面中。代碼以下：

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
@section Header{
<script type="text/javascript">
    var data =@Html.Raw(@ViewBag.Data);
    function ViewModel(){
        var self=this;
        self.students=ko.observableArray(data);//添加動態監視數組對象
        //刪除
        self.remove=function(stu){
            $.ajax({
                url:"/Home/Del/"+stu.Num,
                type:"post",
                dataType:"json",
                success:function(json){
                    alert(json.type);
                    self.students.remove(stu);
                }
            })
        }
        //編輯
        self.edit=function(stu){
            window.location.href='/Home/edit/'+stu.Num;
        };
        self.Count=ko.computed(function(){
            return self.students().length;
        });
    }
    $(document).ready(function(){
        var vm=new ViewModel();
        /* 新增元素
        var obj=new Object();
        obj.Num='s0002';
        obj.Name='eric';
        obj.Age='25';
        obj.Sex='男';
        obj.Class='計算機2班';
        vm.students.push(obj);
        */
        ko.applyBindings(vm);
    })
</script>
}
<div style=" margin-bottom:5px;">
    <a href="/Home/Add/">增長</a>
</div>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
    <th style="width:auto">姓名</th>
    <th style="width:auto">年齡</th>
    <th style="width:auto">性別</th>
    <th style="width:auto">班級</th>
    <th style="width:auto">操做</th>
</tr>
<tbody data-bind="foreach:students">
<tr>
    <td data-bind="text:Name"></td>
    <td data-bind="text:Age"></td>
    <td data-bind="text:Sex"></td>
    <td data-bind="text:Class"></td>
    <td > <a href="javascript:" data-bind="click:$root.remove">刪除</a> <a href="javascript:" data-bind="click:$root.edit">修改</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>

</table>
<div data-bind="text:Count"></div>

五、 eidt.cshtml視圖

eidt.cshtml是編輯學生信息的頁面，與Index.cshtm頁面相似，該頁面也是接收一個json數據，並經過knockout.js把數據綁定到頁面中

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "eidt";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
@section Header{
<script type="text/javascript">
    var data =@Html.Raw(@ViewBag.Data);
     function ViewModel(){
        var self=this;
        self.Num=ko.observable(data.Num);
        self.Name=ko.observable(data.Name);
         self.Age=ko.observable(data.Age);
         self.Sex=ko.observable(data.Sex);
         self.Class=ko.observable(data.Class);
        self.Commit1=function(){
            //alert(self.Num()+","+self.Name()+","+self.Age()+","+self.Sex()+","+self.Class());
            $.ajax({
                type:"post",
                url:"/Home/edit",
                data:{Num:self.Num(),Name:self.Name,Age:self.Age,Sex:self.Sex,Class:self.Class},
                success:function(json){
                    alert(json.type);
                }
            })
        }
        self.back=function(){
             window.location.href='/Home/Index';
        };
    }
    $(document).ready(function(){
        var vm=new ViewModel();
        ko.applyBindings(vm);
    })
</script>
}
<h2>eidt</h2>
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">姓名：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Name" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">年齡：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Age" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">性別：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Sex" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">班級：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Class" /></td>
</tr>
</table>

<div style=" margin-top:5px">
<input type="button" data-bind="click:$root.Commit1" value="提交"/> &nbsp;&nbsp;
<input type="button" data-bind="click:$root.back" value="返回"/> 
</div>

六、 Add.cshtml 視圖

Add.cshtml是添加用戶信息的頁面與eidt.cshtml頁面很是相似，直接上代碼

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Add";
    Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
@section Header{
<script type="text/javascript">
     function ViewModel(){
        var self=this;
        self.Num=ko.observable();
        self.Name=ko.observable();
         self.Age=ko.observable();
         self.Sex=ko.observable();
         self.Class=ko.observable();
         self.Commit1 = function () {
             $.ajax({
                 type: "post",
                 url: "/Home/Add",
                 data: { Num: self.Num(), Name: self.Name(), Age: self.Age(), Sex: self.Sex, Class: self.Class },
                 success: function (json) {
                     alert(json.type);
                 }
             })
         }
        self.back=function(){
        window.location.href='/Home/Index';
        };
    }
    $(document).ready(function(){
        var vm=new ViewModel();
        ko.applyBindings(vm);
    })
</script>
}
<h2>Add</h2>

<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="1" width="100%">
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">學號：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Num" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">姓名：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Name" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">年齡：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Age" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">性別：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Sex" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
    <td style="width:100px">班級：</td>
    <td><input type="text" data-bind="value:Class" /></td>
</tr>
</table>

<div style=" margin-top:5px">
<input type="button" data-bind="click:$root.Commit1" value="提交"/> &nbsp;&nbsp;
<input type="button" data-bind="click:$root.back" value="返回"/> 
</div>