provider之selector

provider在新版本中添加了selector,整理一下selector使用時候會踩的坑git

一.Consumer和Selector的簡單區別

provider早期版本中只有Consumer,當model中調用notifyListeners()的時候,對應的Consumer的視圖就會整個rebuild,而在3.x版本以後出現Selector能夠僅選擇model中某個值來最小範圍的刷新視圖,而且在4.0版本以後會對使用的值進行deep check,也能夠本身自定義shouldRebuild。github

二. 常見坑

1.若是爲同一個model,避免在Consumer中使用selector

class TestPage extends StatelessWidget {
    @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: ChangeNotifierProvider<TestModel>(
        create: (_) => TestModel(),
        child: Consumer<TestModel>(builder: (ctx, testModel, child) {
          debugPrint('Consumer build');
          return Column(
            children: <Widget>[
              Text(testModel.string1),
              RaisedButton(onPressed: () {
                Provider.of<TestModel>(ctx, listen: false).changeString2();
              }, child: Text('change'),),
              Selector<TestModel, String>(
                selector: (_, testModel) => testModel.string2,
                builder: (_, str, c) {
                   debugPrint('string2 build');
                  return Text(str);
                },
              )
            ],
          );
        }),
      ),
    );
  }
}

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  • 上面代碼中selector是沒有意義的,當調用changeString2修改string2觸發notifyListeners()的時候, Consumer就會從新rebuild,包裹下的selector也會更新rebuild。

修改後緩存

ChangeNotifierProvider<TestModel>(
        create: (_) => TestModel(),
        child: Selector<TestModel, String>(selector: (_, testModle) => testModle.string1 , builder: (ctx, strint1, child) {
          debugPrint('Consumer build');
          return Column(
            children: <Widget>[
              Text(strint1),
              RaisedButton(onPressed: () {
                Provider.of<TestModel>(ctx, listen: false).changeString2();
              }, child: Text('change'),),
              Selector<TestModel, String>(
                selector: (_, testModel) => testModel.string2,
                builder: (_, str, c) {
                   debugPrint('string2 build');
                  return Text(str);
                },
              )
            ],
          );
        }),
      )
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如上修改後,當model中string2變化的時候,就只會rebuild string2的視圖,string1並不會rebuild。less

2.使用Provider.of獲取model中的值報錯

class TestPage extends StatelessWidget {
    @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: ChangeNotifierProvider<TestModel>(
        create: (_) => TestModel(),
        child: Consumer<TestModel>(builder: (ctx, testModel, child) {
          debugPrint('Consumer build');
          return Column(
            children: <Widget>[
              Text(testModel.string1),
              RaisedButton(onPressed: () {
                Provider.of<TestModel>(context, listen: false).changeString2();
              }, child: Text('change'),),
              Selector<TestModel, String>(
                selector: (_, testModel) => testModel.string2,
                builder: (_, str, c) {
                   debugPrint('string2 build');
                  return Text(str);
                },
              )
            ],
          );
        }),
      ),
    );
  }
}
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如上代碼是會報 Could not find the correct Provider above this TestPage Widget的錯誤,修改成 Provider.of(ctx, listen: false).changeString2(), 關於context問題請查閱相關資料,這裏再也不贅述。同時在selected中注意設置listen爲false。dom

3.dart中的引用對象問題

dart中List等屬於引用類型對象,和js同樣。由此當使用selector選擇的值爲引用類型對象的時候,須要特別注意。ide

ChangeNotifierProvider<TestModel>(
        create: (_) => TestModel(),
        child: Selector<TestModel, List>(
            selector: (_, testModel) => testModel.numberList,
            shouldRebuild: (prev, next) => prev.first != next.first,
            builder: (ctx, numberList, child) {
              return Column(
                children: <Widget>[
                  RaisedButton(
                    onPressed: () {
                      Provider.of<TestModel>(ctx, listen: false).changeNumber();
                    },
                    child: Text(numberList.first.toString()),
                  ),
                  Text(numberList.last.toString())
                ],
              );
            }),
      )
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changeNumber() {
    numberList.first = Random().nextInt(10);
    debugPrint(numberList.first.toString());
    notifyListeners();
  }
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在某種場景下,可能有時候會和如上代碼所示同樣但願selected一個引用對象,僅但願在引用對象中某個值變化的時候rebuild視圖,然而會發現經過上面的代碼會發現numberList.first已經改變,可是視圖不會rebuild。就算是取消自定義的shouldRebuild使用源碼中的deep check也依然不會rebuild。ui

看下Selector源碼this

class _Selector0State<T> extends SingleChildState<Selector0<T>> {
  T value;
  Widget cache;
  Widget oldWidget;

  @override
  Widget buildWithChild(BuildContext context, Widget child) {
    final selected = widget.selector(context);

    var shouldInvalidateCache = oldWidget != widget ||
        (widget._shouldRebuild != null && widget._shouldRebuild.call(value, selected)) ||
        (widget._shouldRebuild == null && !const DeepCollectionEquality().equals(value, selected));
    if (shouldInvalidateCache) {
      value = selected;
      oldWidget = widget;
      cache = widget.builder(
        context,
        selected,
        child,
      );
    }
    return cache;
  }
}
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能夠發現selector會緩存selected的值並保存到value,若是seleted的值爲引用對象的時候,value和selected指向同一個引用地址,當調用changeNumber的時候,修改了numberList的值,可是引用地址沒變,緩存的value中的值也隨着發生變化,因此在_shouldRebuild的時候對比的value和selected一直是同樣的,視圖也就不會rebuild。spa

官方在緩存value的時候並無使用深拷貝,而是推薦選擇的值爲immutabledebug

Why selected value must be immutable

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