線性表——數組描述(Qt5.1測試代碼 for windows)

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主函數:

// test the class arrayList that uses STL algorithms
#include<iostream>
#include "linearList.h"
#include "arrayList.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
   // test constructor
   linearList<double> *x = new arrayList<double>(20);
   arrayList<int> y(2), z;

   // test capacity
   cout << "Capacity of x, y and z = "
        << ((arrayList<double>*) x)->capacity() << ", "
        << y.capacity() << ", "
        << z.capacity() << endl;


   // test size
   cout << "Initial size of x, y, and z = "
        << x->size() << ", "
        << y.size() << ", "
        << z.size() << endl;

   // test empty
   if (x->empty()) cout << "x is empty" << endl;
   else cout << "x is not empty" << endl;
   if (y.empty()) cout << "y is empty" << endl;
   else cout << "y is not empty" << endl;

   // test insert
   y.insert(0, 2);
   y.insert(1, 6);
   y.insert(0, 1);
   y.insert(2, 4);
   y.insert(3, 5);
   y.insert(2, 3);
   cout << "Inserted 6 integers, list y should be 1 2 3 4 5 6" << endl;
   cout << "Size of y = " << y.size() << endl;
   cout << "Capacity of y = " << y.capacity() << endl;
   if (y.empty()) cout << "y is empty" << endl;
   else cout << "y is not empty" << endl;
   y.output(cout);
   cout << endl << "Testing overloaded <<" << endl;
   cout << y << endl;

   // test indexOf
   int index = y.indexOf(4);
   if (index < 0) cout << "4 not found" << endl;
   else cout << "The index of 4 is " << index << endl;

   index = y.indexOf(7);
   if (index < 0) cout << "7 not found" << endl;
   else cout << "The index of 7 is " << index << endl;

   // test get
   cout << "Element with index 0 is " << y.get(0) << endl;
   cout << "Element with index 3 is " << y.get(3) << endl;

   // test erase
   y.erase(1);
   cout << "Element 1 erased" << endl;
   cout << "The list is "  << y << endl;
   y.erase(2);
   cout << "Element 2 erased" << endl;
   cout << "The list is "  << y << endl;

   cout << "Size of y = " << y.size() << endl;
   cout << "Capacity of y = " << y.capacity() << endl;
   if (y.empty()) cout << "y is empty" << endl;
   else cout << "y is not empty" << endl;

   try {y.insert(-3, 0);}
   catch (illegalIndex e)
   {
      cout << "Illegal index exception" << endl;
      cout << "Insert index must be between 0 and list size" << endl;
      e.outputMessage();
   }

   // test copy constructor
   arrayList<int> w(y);
   y.erase(0);
   y.erase(0);
   cout << "w should be old y, new y has first 2 elements removed" << endl;
   cout << "w is " << w << endl;
   cout << "y is " << y << endl;

   // a few more inserts, just for fun
   y.insert(0,4);
   y.insert(0,5);
   y.insert(0,6);
   y.insert(0,7);
   cout << "y is " << y << endl;
   return 0;
}

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數據結構中使用的類的定義，包括類中各類函數的具體實現，都保存在頭文件中，具體代碼以下：
arrayList.h

#ifndef ARRAYLIST_H
#define ARRAYLIST_H


// array implementation of a linear list
// derives from abstract class linearList just to make sure
// all methods of the ADT are implemented
// USES STL ALGORITHMS TO SIMPLIFY CODE
#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iterator>
#include "linearList.h"
#include "myExceptions.h"
#include "changeLength1D.h"

using namespace std;

template<class T>
class arrayList : public linearList<T>
{
   public:
      // constructor, copy constructor and destructor
      arrayList(int initialCapacity = 10);
      arrayList(const arrayList<T>&);
      ~arrayList() {delete [] element;}

      // ADT methods
      bool empty() const {return listSize == 0;}
      int size() const {return listSize;}
      T& get(int theIndex) const;
      int indexOf(const T& theElement) const;
      void erase(int theIndex);
      void insert(int theIndex, const T& theElement);
      void output(ostream& out) const;

      // additional method
      int capacity() const {return arrayLength;}

   protected:
      void checkIndex(int theIndex) const;
            // throw illegalIndex if theIndex invalid
      T* element;            // 1D array to hold list elements
      int arrayLength;       // capacity of the 1D array
      int listSize;          // number of elements in list
};

template<class T>
arrayList<T>::arrayList(int initialCapacity)
{// Constructor.
   if (initialCapacity < 1)
   {ostringstream s;
    s << "Initial capacity = " << initialCapacity << " Must be > 0";
    throw illegalParameterValue(s.str());
   }
   arrayLength = initialCapacity;
   element = new T[arrayLength];
   listSize = 0;
}

template<class T>
arrayList<T>::arrayList(const arrayList<T>& theList)
{// Copy constructor.
   arrayLength = theList.arrayLength;
   listSize = theList.listSize;
   element = new T[arrayLength];
   copy(theList.element, theList.element + listSize, element);
}

template<class T>
void arrayList<T>::checkIndex(int theIndex) const
{// Verify that theIndex is between 0 and listSize - 1.
   if (theIndex < 0 || theIndex >= listSize)
   {ostringstream s;
    s << "index = " << theIndex << " size = " << listSize;
    throw illegalIndex(s.str());
   }

}

template<class T>
T& arrayList<T>::get(int theIndex) const
{// Return element whose index is theIndex.
 // Throw illegalIndex exception if no such element.
   checkIndex(theIndex);
   return element[theIndex];
}

template<class T>
int arrayList<T>::indexOf(const T& theElement) const
{// Return index of first occurrence of theElement.
 // Return -1 if theElement not in list.

   // search for theElement
   int theIndex = (int) (find(element, element + listSize, theElement)
                         - element);

   // check if theElement was found
   if (theIndex == listSize)
     // not found
     return -1;
   else return theIndex;
 }

template<class T>
void arrayList<T>::erase(int theIndex)
{// Delete the element whose index is theIndex.
 // Throw illegalIndex exception if no such element.
   checkIndex(theIndex);

   // valid index, shift elements with higher index
   copy(element + theIndex + 1, element + listSize,
                                element + theIndex);

   element[--listSize].~T(); // invoke destructor
}

template<class T>
void arrayList<T>::insert(int theIndex, const T& theElement)
{// Insert theElement so that its index is theIndex.
   if (theIndex < 0 || theIndex > listSize)
   {// invalid index
      ostringstream s;
      s << "index = " << theIndex << " size = " << listSize;
      throw illegalIndex(s.str());
   }

   // valid index, make sure we have space
   if (listSize == arrayLength)
      {// no space, double capacity
         changeLength1D(element, arrayLength, 2 * arrayLength);
         arrayLength *= 2;
      }

   // shift elements right one position
   copy_backward(element + theIndex, element + listSize,
                 element + listSize + 1);

   element[theIndex] = theElement;

   listSize++;
}

template<class T>
void arrayList<T>::output(ostream& out) const
{// Put the list into the stream out.
   copy(element, element + listSize, ostream_iterator<T>(cout, "  "));
}

// overload <<
template <class T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const arrayList<T>& x)
   {x.output(out); return out;}
#endif

---

changeLength1d.h

#ifndef CHANGELENGTH1D_H
#define CHANGELENGTH1D_H

#include "myExceptions.h"

using namespace std;

template<class T>
void changeLength1D(T*& a, int oldLength, int newLength)
{
   if (newLength < 0)
      throw illegalParameterValue("new length must be >= 0");

   T* temp = new T[newLength];              // new array
   int number = min(oldLength, newLength);  // number to copy
   copy(a, a + number, temp);
   delete [] a;                             // deallocate old memory
   a = temp;
}
#endif // CHANGELENGTH1D_H

---

linearList.h

#ifndef LINEARLIST_H
#define LINEARLIST_H

// LINEARLIST_H
// abstract class linearList
// abstract data type specification for linear list data structure
// all methods are pure virtual functions

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template<class T>
class linearList
{
   public:
      virtual ~linearList() {};
      virtual bool empty() const = 0;
                  // return true iff list is empty
      virtual int size() const = 0;
                  // return number of elements in list
      virtual T& get(int theIndex) const = 0;
                  // return element whose index is theIndex
      virtual int indexOf(const T& theElement) const = 0;
                  // return index of first occurence of theElement
      virtual void erase(int theIndex) = 0;
                  // remove the element whose index is theIndex
      virtual void insert(int theIndex, const T& theElement) = 0;
                  // insert theElement so that its index is theIndex
      virtual void output(ostream& out) const = 0;
                  // insert list into stream out
};
#endi

---

myexceptions.h

#ifndef MYEXCEPTIONS_H
#define MYEXCEPTIONS_H

#include <string>

using namespace std;

// illegal parameter value
class illegalParameterValue
{
   public:
      illegalParameterValue(string theMessage = "Illegal parameter value")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// illegal input data
class illegalInputData
{
   public:
      illegalInputData(string theMessage = "Illegal data input")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// illegal index
class illegalIndex
{
   public:
      illegalIndex(string theMessage = "Illegal index")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// matrix index out of bounds
class matrixIndexOutOfBounds
{
   public:
      matrixIndexOutOfBounds
            (string theMessage = "Matrix index out of bounds")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// matrix size mismatch
class matrixSizeMismatch
{
   public:
      matrixSizeMismatch(string theMessage =
                   "The size of the two matrics doesn't match")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// stack is empty
class stackEmpty
{
   public:
      stackEmpty(string theMessage =
                   "Invalid operation on empty stack")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// queue is empty
class queueEmpty
{
   public:
      queueEmpty(string theMessage =
                   "Invalid operation on empty queue")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// hash table is full
class hashTableFull
{
   public:
      hashTableFull(string theMessage =
                   "The hash table is full")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// edge weight undefined
class undefinedEdgeWeight
{
   public:
      undefinedEdgeWeight(string theMessage =
                   "No edge weights defined")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};

// method undefined
class undefinedMethod
{
   public:
      undefinedMethod(string theMessage =
                   "This method is undefined")
            {message = theMessage;}
      void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
   private:
      string message;
};
#endif // MYEXCEPTIONS_H