Java經過Executors提供四種線程池,分別爲:
newCachedThreadPool建立一個可緩存線程池,若是線程池長度超過處理須要,可靈活回收空閒線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。
newFixedThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池,支持定時及週期性任務執行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用惟一的工做線程來執行任務,保證全部任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。緩存
(1) newCachedThreadPool
建立一個可緩存線程池,若是線程池長度超過處理須要,可靈活回收空閒線程,若無可回收,則新建線程。示例代碼以下:併發
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- try {
- Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(index);
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
線程池爲無限大,當執行第二個任務時第一個任務已經完成,會複用執行第一個任務的線程,而不用每次新建線程。
(2) newFixedThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,可控制線程最大併發數,超出的線程會在隊列中等待。示例代碼以下:工具
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
由於線程池大小爲3,每一個任務輸出index後sleep 2秒,因此每兩秒打印3個數字。
定長線程池的大小最好根據系統資源進行設置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()網站
(3) newScheduledThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池,支持定時及週期性任務執行。延遲執行示例代碼以下:ui
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延遲3秒執行。spa
按期執行示例代碼以下:線程
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
- scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
- }
- }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
表示延遲1秒後每3秒執行一次。blog
(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
建立一個單線程化的線程池,它只會用惟一的工做線程來執行任務,保證全部任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先級)執行。示例代碼以下:隊列
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
結果依次輸出,至關於順序執行各個任務。
你能夠使用JDK自帶的監控工具來監控咱們建立的線程數量,運行一個不終止的線程,建立指定量的線程,來觀察:
工具目錄:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
運行程序作稍微修改:
- package test;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- while(true) {
- System.out.println(index);
- Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- try {
- Thread.sleep(500);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
效果以下:
選擇咱們運行的程序:
監控運行狀態
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