Linux系統擴容根目錄磁盤空間的操做方法

時間 2019-12-11

標籤 linux 系統擴容目錄磁盤空間方法欄目 Linux 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、使用背景
Linux根目錄磁盤空間不夠用了，當修改了虛擬機模版增長磁盤大小或者插入了一塊新硬盤，可是發現系統裏的大小仍是沒改變。
產生的緣由是沒有給磁盤格式化，沒有增長分區。
2、操做方法node

1.查看磁盤空間大小，使用df -h 命令，發現掛載根目錄節點的/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 只有7.1G容量。linux

[root@node-002 ~]# df -h
Filesystem                                              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root                          18G   9.3G  7.1G  57% /
tmpfs                                                   491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                                               477M   42M  411M  10% /boot

2.增長磁盤空間，例以下圖使用VM虛擬機增長的方式。app

3.使用fdisk -l命令查看磁盤信息。當看到第一行Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB與實際df -h顯示內容不符時，說明增長磁盤成功了。ide

[root@node-002 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00092cf6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

4.使用fdisk /dev/sda, 建立新分區。
注意：不一樣操做系統的磁盤命名方式不一樣，有些是/dev/vda。具體使用方式參考第三步中fdisk -l首行顯示Disk。如筆者在該系統中首行顯示爲Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes ，故使用命令fdisk /dev/sda）
按照下面Linux操做進行分區。ui

[root@node-002 ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
 
命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)： m
命令操做
  a  toggle a bootable flag
  b  edit bsd disklabel
  c  toggle the dos compatibility flag
  d  delete a partition
  l  list known partition types
  m  print this menu
  n  add a new partition
  o  create a new empty DOS partition table
  p  print the partition table
  q  quit without saving changes
  s  create a new empty Sun disklabel
  t  change a partition's system id
  u  change display/entry units
  v  verify the partition table
  w  write table to disk and exit
  x  extra functionality (experts only)
 
命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)： n #new 新分區
Partition type:
  p  primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
  l  logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p  #選擇主分區
分區號 (1-4，默認爲 3)： 3 #分區序號
起始 sector (499712-314572799，默認爲 499712)： #分區開始回車默認
將使用默認值 499712
Last sector, +扇區 or +size{K,M,G} (499712-501757，默認爲 501757)： 
將使用默認值 501757
 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)： n #new 新分區
Partition type:
  p  primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
  l  logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): p #選擇主分區
Selected partition 4  #分區序號
起始 sector (62912512-314572799，默認爲 62912512)： #分區開始回車默認
將使用默認值 62912512
Last sector, +扇區 or +size{K,M,G} (62912512-314572799，默認爲 314572799)： 
將使用默認值 314572799
 
命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)： t  #修改分區格式
分區號 (1-5): 4  #修改分區號
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #格式選擇8e  linux LVM
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)
 
命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)： p #顯示分區信息
 
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 312076 cylinders, total 314572800 sectors
Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0001a023
 
  設備 啓動   起點     終點   塊數  Id 系統
/dev/sda1  *    2048   499711   248832  83 Linux
/dev/sda2     501758  62912511  31205377  5 擴展
/dev/sda3     499712   501757    1023  83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order
命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助)： w #保存信息
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 設備或資源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

5.重啓Linux操做系統，使用reboot命令。this

6.建立物理卷，使用pvcreate /dev/sda3命令。spa

[root@node-002 dev]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

7.查看新建的物理卷和大小，使用pvdisplay命令。操作系統

[root@node-002 dev]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               vg_node003
  PV Size               19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4994
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4994
  PV UUID               UC4j5m-rJO4-DroW-E92L-n5Vj-SU0U-PJyfJf
   
  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "30.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               30.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               nng8Gx-51fP-DIBH-YeF4-Sw7B-S0jQ-oGXfpa

8.將添加新的物理卷，加載到vg_node003卷組，使用vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3命令。code

[root@node-002 dev]# vgextend vg_node003 /dev/sda3
  Volume group "vg_node003" successfully extended

9.查看卷組信息，使用vgdisplay命令。orm

[root@node-002 dev]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_node003
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               49.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12673
  Alloc PE / Size       4994 / 19.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       7679 / 30.00 GiB
  VG UUID               v37e5T-4iPX-olm0-Claw-8EfO-axHf-evCAfc

10.增長vg_node003大小，增長30G。使用lvresize -L +30G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。
注：vg_node003-lv_root在/dev/mapper裏面查看

[root@node-002 mapper]# lvresize -L +29.99G /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root  
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 29.99 GiB
  Size of logical volume vg_node003/lv_root changed from 17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 47.50 GiB (12160 extents).
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

11.從新識別vg_node003大小，使用resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root命令。

[root@node-002 mapper]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root to 12451840 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root is now 12451840 blocks long.

12.查看擴容後的大小，使用df -h命令。

[root@node-002 mapper]# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root      47G  9.3G   36G  21% /
tmpfs                              491M     0  491M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                          477M   42M  411M  10% /boot

當看到/dev/mapper/vg_node003-lv_root 已經更新到新的大小時，則表示增長成功。3、總結以上所述是小編給你們介紹的Linux系統擴容根目錄磁盤空間的操做方法，但願對你們有所幫助，若是你們有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回覆你們的。