MySQL全部的主從同步架構搭建方式
目錄
- 一.前言
- 二.關於MySQL主從同步
- 三.部署規劃
- 四.準備工具
- 五.四臺機器上使用通用二進制包安裝MySQL（以node7爲例）
- 5.1 上傳MySQL通用二進制安裝包到node7的/usr/local/src目錄下
- 5.2 解壓MySQL到指定目錄並更名
- 5.3 建立MySQL用戶和用戶組
- 5.4 配置MySQL的bin目錄到PATH路徑
- 5.5 建立MySQL數據存放目錄
- 5.6 配置MySQL配置文件
- 5.7 初始化MySQL數據庫
- 5.8 生成ssl（可選）
- 5.9 配置MySQL啓動項並設置開機自啓動
- 5.10 啓動MySQL
- 5.11 進行MySQL安全初始化(可選)
- 5.12 修改密碼，給用戶賦權限（根據本身狀況賦權限）
- 5.13 導入時區信息到MySQL庫
- 5.14 查看MySQL版本信息
- 5.15 若是防火牆開着，則須要開放3306端口
- 5.16 利用logrotate對MySQL日誌進行輪轉(日誌自動備份切割)
- 六.MySQL主從同步之一主多從架構
- 七.MySQL主從同步之主主雙向同步架構
- 八.MySQL主從同步之M-S-S架構
- 九.MySQL主從同步之多主多從架構
- 十.參考資料
一.前言
本文將指導搭建全部的MySQL主從同步架構方案：html
- 一主多從架構
- 主主雙向同步架構
- M-S-S三級級聯同步架構
- 多主多從架構
二.關於MySQL主從同步
MySQL主從同步是構建大型，高性能應用的基礎，MySQL主從同步能夠實如今從服務器能夠執行查詢工做(即咱們常說的讀功能)，下降主服務器壓力(主庫寫，從庫讀，降壓),在從主服務器進行備份，避免備份期間影響主服務器服務(確保數據安全),當主服務器出現問題時，能夠切換到從服務器（提高性能)。node
三.部署規劃
3.1 服務器規劃
| 服務器 | 操做系統版本 | CPU架構 | MySQL版本 |
|---|---|---|---|
| node6 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 5.7.26 |
| node7 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 5.7.26 |
| node8 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 5.7.26 |
| node9 | CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 | x86_64 | 5.7.26 |
3.2 數據庫目錄規劃
| 文件類型 | 文件部署位置 |
|---|---|
| 數據目錄datadir | /data/data（/data目錄請確保足夠大） |
| 配置文件my.cnf | /etc/my.cnf |
| 錯誤日誌log-error | /data/log/mysql_error.log |
| 二進制日誌log-bin | /data/binlogs/mysql-bin(用於數據庫恢復和主從複製，以及審計（audit）操做) |
| 慢查詢日誌slow_query_log_file | /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log |
| 套接字文件socket | /data/run/mysql.sock |
| 進程ID文件mysql.pid | /data/run/mysql.pid |
四.準備工具
1.MySQL通用二進制包:mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzpython
下載地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloadsmysql
五.四臺機器上使用通用二進制包安裝MySQL（以node7爲例）
5.1 上傳MySQL通用二進制安裝包到node7的/usr/local/src目錄下
[root@node7 src]# pwd /usr/local/src [root@node7 src]# ls mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
5.2 解壓MySQL到指定目錄並更名
[root@node7 src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@node7 src]# cd /usr/local/ [root@node7 local]# ls bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin share src [root@node7 local]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql [root@node7 local]# ls bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src
5.3 建立MySQL用戶和用戶組
[root@node7 local]# groupadd -g 1111 mysql [root@node7 local]# useradd -g mysql -u 1111 -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@node7 local]# id mysql #查看用戶信息 uid=1111(mysql) gid=1111(mysql) groups=1111(mysql)
5.4 配置MySQL的bin目錄到PATH路徑
[root@node7 local]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile [root@node7 local]# source /etc/profile [root@node7 local]# mysql #輸入MySQL以後雙擊tab鍵，便可列出候選MySQL命令 mysql mysql_client_test_embedded mysqld-debug mysqldumpslow mysql_plugin mysqlslap mysql_upgrade mysqladmin mysql_config mysqld_multi mysql_embedded mysqlpump mysql_ssl_rsa_setup mysqlxtest mysqlbinlog mysql_config_editor mysqld_safe mysqlimport mysql_secure_installation mysqltest_embedded mysqlcheck mysqld mysqldump mysql_install_db mysqlshow mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
5.5 建立MySQL數據存放目錄
[root@node7 ~]# mkdir -p /data/{data,log,binlogs,run}
[root@node7 ~]# tree /data #若是沒有tree命令，則yum -y install tree安裝
/data
├── binlogs
├── data
├── log
└── run
4 directories, 0 files
[root@node7 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data
[root@node7 ~]# ll /data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 binlogs
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec 3 11:07 run
5.6 配置MySQL配置文件
[root@node7 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf [root@node7 mysql]# touch /etc/my.cnf #my.cnf配置文件詳解，請查看我上一篇blog的#https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/11913248.html的「MySQL配置文件優化參考」 [root@node7 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 server-id=1
5.7 初始化MySQL數據庫
[root@node7 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data [root@node7 mysql]# echo $? 0 [root@node7 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log #查看MySQL初始化密碼 2019-12-03T03:47:42.639938Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lhrh>J,p<8gw
5.8 生成ssl（可選）
#關於MySQL開啓ssl查看https://www.cnblogs.com/mysql-dba/p/7061300.html [root@node7 mysql]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ......................................+++ .+++ writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ....................................+++ ............................+++ writing new private key to 'server-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .....................................................................................+++ ..............................................+++ writing new private key to 'client-key.pem' ----- #執行完成以後，會有在datadir目錄生成*.pem文件 [root@node7 mysql]# ls /data/data/ auto.cnf client-cert.pem ibdata1 mysql public_key.pem sys ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema server-cert.pem ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 private_key.pem server-key.pem
5.9 配置MySQL啓動項並設置開機自啓動
5.9.1 centos6版本
cd /usr/local/mysql cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server chkconfig --add mysql.server chkconfig mysql.server on chkconfig --list
5.9.2 centos7版本
[root@node7 system]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system [root@node7 system]# touch mysqld.service [root@node7 system]# vim mysqld.service [root@node7 system]# cat mysqld.service # Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # systemd service file for MySQL forking server # [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(5.7) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql Type=forking PIDFile=/data/run/mysql.pid # Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service. TimeoutSec=0 # Execute pre and post scripts as root PermissionsStartOnly=true # Needed to create system tables #ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd # Start main service ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS # Use this to switch malloc implementation EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql # Sets open_files_limit LimitNOFILE = 65535 Restart=on-failure RestartPreventExitStatus=1 PrivateTmp=false [root@node7 system]# systemctl daemon-reload #從新加載服務配置文件 [root@node7 system]# systemctl enable mysqld #設置MySQL開機自啓動 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service. [root@node7 system]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld #查看MySQL開機自啓動是否設置成功 enabled
5.10 啓動MySQL
[root@node7 system]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@node7 system]# systemctl status mysqld #查看MySQL啓動狀態
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 14:42:14 CST; 9s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 2905 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2907 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─2907 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
Dec 03 14:42:13 node7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 03 14:42:14 node7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@node7 system]# ps -ef | grep mysql #查看MySQL進程
mysql 2907 1 2 14:42 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
root 2942 2576 0 14:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
5.11 進行MySQL安全初始化(可選)
[root@node7 system]# mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: #這裏輸入MySQL初始化時生成的密碼（grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log） The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password. New password: #輸入新密碼 Re-enter new password: VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: n #y安裝MySQL密碼插件 Using existing password for root. Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #y移除匿名用戶 Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n #是否容許root遠程登陸 ... skipping. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #是否移除test數據庫 - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y #刷新權限表 Success. All done!
5.12 修改密碼，給用戶賦權限（根據本身狀況賦權限）
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');#修改root密碼爲123456，若是提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，則說明密碼設置太簡單，若是想設置123456這樣的簡單密碼，可在SQL中執行：
#mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
#mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
#這樣再次執行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456')就可成功。
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string =PASSWORD('123456') WHERE User='mysql'; #修改MySQL的mysql用戶的密碼爲123456
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO mysql@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; #賦予mysql用戶能夠在任何機器上登陸，並擁有全部表的全部權限
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES ; #刷新權限，讓修改當即生效
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
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#如下是爲MySQL賦權限的介紹
mysql> grant 權限1,權限2,…權限n on 數據庫名稱.表名稱 to 用戶名@用戶地址 identified by ‘鏈接口令’;
權限1,權限2,…權限n表明select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file等14個權限。
當權限1,權限2,…權限n被all privileges或者all代替，表示賦予用戶所有權限。
當數據庫名稱.表名稱被*.*代替，表示賦予用戶操做服務器上全部數據庫全部表的權限。
用戶地址能夠是localhost，也能夠是ip地址、機器名字、域名。也能夠用’%'表示從任何地址鏈接。
‘鏈接口令’不能爲空，不然建立失敗。
好比：
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete,create,drop on vtdc.employee to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc的employee表進行select,insert,update,delete,create,drop等操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
mysql>grant all privileges on vtdc.* to joe@10.163.225.87 identified by ‘123′;
給來自10.163.225.87的用戶joe分配可對數據庫vtdc全部表進行全部操做的權限，並設定口令爲123。
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5.13 導入時區信息到MySQL庫
[root@node7 system]# mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql #執行上述操做以後，time_zone，time_zone_leap_second，time_zone_name，time_zone_transition ，time_zone_transition_type表就有時區數據了 [root@node7 system]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | engine_cost | | event | | func | | general_log | | gtid_executed | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | server_cost | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 31 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5.14 查看MySQL版本信息
[root@node7 system]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper [root@node7 system]# mysqladmin version -uroot -p123456 mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Server version 5.7.26-log Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /data/run/mysql.sock Uptime: 31 min 53 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 8855 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 214 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 203 Queries per second avg: 4.628
5.15 若是防火牆開着，則須要開放3306端口
[root@node7 system]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-03 15:22:18 CST; 3s ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 3343 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─3343 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Dec 03 15:22:17 node7 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'beyond-scope' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: beyond-scope: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'failed-policy' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: failed-policy: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignorin...-time.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: ICMP type 'reject-route' is not supported by the kernel for ipv6.
Dec 03 15:22:18 node7 firewalld[3343]: WARNING: reject-route: INVALID_ICMPTYPE: No supported ICMP type., ignoring...-time.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
#添加防火牆規則
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp
success
#從新加載防火牆規則
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
#檢查規則是否設置生效
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp
yes
#列出防火牆全部開放的端口
[root@node7 system]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: ens33
sources:
services: ssh dhcpv6-client
ports: 3306/tcp
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
5.16 利用logrotate對MySQL日誌進行輪轉(日誌自動備份切割)
#logrotate配置詳解請查看：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-02/157099.htm
[root@node7 ~]# touch /root/.my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# vim /root/.my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# cat /root/.my.cnf
[mysqladmin]
password=123456
user=root
[root@node7 ~]# chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql-log-rotate /etc/logrotate.d/
[root@node7 ~]# chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
[root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
# The log file name and location can be set in
# /etc/my.cnf by setting the "log-error" option
# in either [mysqld] or [mysqld_safe] section as
# follows:
#
# [mysqld]
# log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log
#
# In case the root user has a password, then you
# have to create a /root/.my.cnf configuration file
# with the following content:
#
# [mysqladmin]
# password = <secret>
# user= root
#
# where "<secret>" is the password.
#
# ATTENTION: The /root/.my.cnf file should be readable
# _ONLY_ by root !
/data/log/mysql_*.log {
# create 600 mysql mysql
notifempty #當日志文件爲空時，不進行輪轉
daily #默認每一天執行一次rotate輪轉工做
rotate 52 #保留多少個日誌文件(輪轉幾回).默認保留四個.就是指定日誌文件刪除以前輪轉的次數，0 指沒有備份，此處表示保留52天的日誌
missingok #若是日誌文件丟失，不要顯示錯誤
compress #經過gzip 壓縮轉儲之後的日誌
postrotate #執行的指令
# just if mysqld is really running
if test -x /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && \
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null
then
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs
fi
endscript
}
[root@node7 ~]#
[root@node7 ~]# logrotate -fv /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate #強制進行日誌輪轉
reading config file /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate
Allocating hash table for state file, size 15360 B
Handling 1 logs
rotating pattern: /data/log/mysql_*.log forced from command line (52 rotations)
empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed
considering log /data/log/mysql_error.log
log needs rotating
considering log /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
log needs rotating
rotating log /data/log/mysql_error.log, log->rotateCount is 52
dateext suffix '-20191203'
glob pattern '-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]'
renaming /data/log/mysql_error.log.52.gz to /data/log/mysql_error.log.53.gz
(t -- won't try to dispose of it
.................
renaming /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log to /data/log/mysql_slow_query.log.1
running postrotate script
compressing log with: /bin/gzip
[root@node7 ~]#
[root@node7 ~]# echo $?
0
#此時查看日誌目錄，發現日誌已經進行輪轉，並壓縮
[root@node7 ~]# ls /data/log/
mysql_error.log mysql_error.log.1.gz mysql_slow_query.log mysql_slow_query.log.1.gz
自此，node7上MySQL安裝完畢，node6，node8，node9上的MySQL也按照此方法安裝。linux
安裝MySQL是進行主從同步，讀寫分離，分表分庫配置的基礎，只有安裝了MySQL才能進行接下來的操做。redis
六.MySQL主從同步之一主多從架構
6.1 服務器規劃
| 主機名 | IP | 操做系統版本 | MySQL版本 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| node7 | 192.168.110.188 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | master（主） |
| node8 | 192.168.110.186 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | slave（從） |
| node9 | 192.168.110.187 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | slave（從） |
6.2 主從同步的原理
master將改變記錄到二進制日誌(binary log)中,slave將master的binary log events拷貝到它的中繼日誌(relay log),slave重作中繼日誌中的事件，修改salve上的數據。sql
6.3 部署MySQL主從同步之一主多從
6.3.1 配置主數據庫服務器node7
6.3.1.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
6.3.1.2 修改MySQL配置文件
#先關閉數據庫再修改MySQL配置文件
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2019-12-05 10:59:38 CST; 8s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 6777 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 6779 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Dec 05 10:35:44 node7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 05 10:36:07 node7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Dec 05 10:59:36 node7 systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server...
Dec 05 10:59:38 node7 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.
#修改好的配置文件以下，主從同步相關的配置都放在「#mysql replication」下面
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
key_buffer_size=64M
log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0
skip_ssl
#mysql replication，主從同步配置
#logbin參數啓用二進制日誌，並把二進制日誌放在/data/binlogs目錄下
log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin
#數據庫標誌ID，惟一
server-id=1
#binlog-do-db能夠被從服務器複製的庫
binlog-do-db=hotdata
#binlog-ignore-db不能夠被從服務器複製的庫
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld #重啓MySQL數據庫
6.3.1.3 主庫給從庫授予replication權限
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
#授予node8從庫replication權限
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@192.168.110.186 identified by "123456";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.11 sec)
#授予node9從庫replication權限
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@192.168.110.187 identified by "123456";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
#刷新權限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#查看master狀態信息
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000012 | 902 | hotdata | mysql | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
#查看二進制日誌
[root@node7 ~]# ll /data/binlogs/
total 2896
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 177 Dec 3 11:47 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 2915818 Dec 3 16:38 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 201 Dec 3 16:38 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 177 Dec 3 17:09 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 177 Dec 3 17:14 mysql-bin.000005
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 177 Dec 3 17:25 mysql-bin.000006
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1220 Dec 4 03:12 mysql-bin.000007
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 201 Dec 4 03:12 mysql-bin.000008
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 177 Dec 4 10:49 mysql-bin.000009
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1743 Dec 5 10:35 mysql-bin.000010
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 665 Dec 5 10:59 mysql-bin.000011
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 902 Dec 5 11:47 mysql-bin.000012
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 372 Dec 5 11:40 mysql-bin.index
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
##查看二進制日誌事件
mysql> show binlog events\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
Pos: 4
Event_type: Format_desc
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 123
Info: Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
Pos: 123
Event_type: Previous_gtids
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 154
Info:
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
Pos: 154
Event_type: Stop
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 177
Info:
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
6.3.1.4 備份主庫須要從庫同步的數據庫hotdata
#備份數據庫hotdata [root@node7 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 hotdata >hotdata.sql mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. #給從庫分發備份好的數據庫 [root@node7 ~]# scp hotdata.sql root@192.168.110.186:~/ hotdata.sql 100% 2239 510.9KB/s 00:00 [root@node7 ~]# scp hotdata.sql root@192.168.110.187:~/ hotdata.sql 100% 2239 382.8KB/s 00:00
6.3.2 配置從數據庫服務器node8
6.3.2.1 檢查數據庫版本
#主從數據庫版本不一致的話會出現問題 [root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> show variables like "%version%"; +-------------------------+------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+------------------------------+ | innodb_version | 5.7.26 | | protocol_version | 10 | | slave_type_conversions | | | tls_version | TLSv1,TLSv1.1 | | version | 5.7.26-log | | version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) | | version_compile_machine | x86_64 | | version_compile_os | linux-glibc2.12 | +-------------------------+------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> quit Bye
6.3.2.2 測試鏈接到主服務器是否成功
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uslave -p123456 -h 192.168.110.188 #只有複製的權限, 是看不到其餘庫的。 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye
6.3.2.3 導入hotdata數據庫，和主數據庫保持一致
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye #導入hotdata表 [root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 hotdata<hotdata.sql mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
6.3.2.4 修改配置文件
[root@node8 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@node8 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@node8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 #mysql replication配置 #server-id必須惟一 server-id=2 #下面log-bin，binlog-do-db，binlog-ignore-db這三個參數都不是必須的 log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin binlog-do-db=hotdata binlog-ignore-db=mysql [root@node8 ~]# [root@node8 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
6.3.2.5 從庫設置slave複製主庫數據
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> stop slave; #中止slave
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.110.188',master_user='slave',master_password='123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
#釋義：
#change master to #master_host='192.168.0.68',master_user='root',master_password='root',master_log_file='#mysql-bin.000004', master_log_pos=28125;
#上面的master_log_file是在Master中show master status顯示的File，而master_log_pos是在Master中#show master status顯示的Position。
#也能夠經過show slave status查看配置信息,若是沒有同步成功，比對show slave status中的position和#file是否和show master status中的對應。
mysql> start slave; #啓動slave
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
#查看slave狀態
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.110.188
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000012
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 902
Relay_Log_File: node8-relay-bin.000010
Relay_Log_Pos: 519
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 1062
Last_Error: Could not execute Update_rows event on table mysql.user; Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 'PRIMARY', Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log mysql-bin.000007, end_log_pos 942
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 306
Relay_Log_Space: 7216
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 1062
Last_SQL_Error: Could not execute Update_rows event on table mysql.user; Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 'PRIMARY', Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log mysql-bin.000007, end_log_pos 942
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a8da7421-157f-11ea-b1bf-000c297c0226
Master_Info_File: /data/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 191205 15:18:40
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#能夠看到Last_Error報錯了，是由於主鍵重複了，按照下面操做便可
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL sql_slave_skip_counter =1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#再次查看slave狀態，若是Last_Error沒報錯，而且Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running都爲yes則說明#配置成功了
#Slave_IO_Running ：負責與主機的IO通訊
#Slave_SQL_Running：負責本身的slave mysql進程
#若是執行了stop slave，SET GLOBAL sql_slave_skip_counter =1，start slave以後，show slave #status\G仍是報錯，則再次執行一遍stop slave，SET GLOBAL sql_slave_skip_counter =1，start #slave便可，最多執行3遍，便可消除全部錯誤。
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.110.188
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: node8-relay-bin.000037
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000013
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 693
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a8da7421-157f-11ea-b1bf-000c297c0226
Master_Info_File: /data/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#查看數據目錄，能夠發現Relay_Log_File
[root@node8 ~]# ls /data/data/
auto.cnf ibdata1 ibtmp1 node8-relay-bin.000036 performance_schema
hotdata ib_logfile0 master.info node8-relay-bin.000037 relay-log.info
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql node8-relay-bin.index sys
6.3.3 配置從數據庫服務器node9
node9的配置和node8同樣，要注意的是配置文件my.cnf裏server-id必須惟一，不能和node7,node8相同。shell
6.3.4 在主服務器上查看狀態
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
#能夠看到有兩個slave
mysql> show processlist\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 8
User: slave
Host: 192.168.110.186:49414
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump
Time: 4313
State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for more updates
Info: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 10
User: slave
Host: 192.168.110.187:33510
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump
Time: 4208
State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for more updates
Info: NULL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Id: 11
User: root
Host: localhost
db: NULL
Command: Query
Time: 0
State: starting
Info: show processlist
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6.3.5 插入數據測試主從同步
#在主服務器上插入數據 mysql> use hotdata; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> insert into customers values (1,'張三','珠江新城','廣州','廣東省','1234567890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec) mysql> insert into customers values (2,'李四','天安門','北京','北京市','1234127890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) mysql> insert into customers values (3,'王二麻子','鐘鼓樓','昆明','雲南省','1234567870@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into customers values (4,'趙四','百花廣場','佛山','廣東省','1239867890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into customers values (5,'劉能','體育中心','廣州','廣東省','1234512890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into customers values (6,'謝廣坤','體育西路','廣州','廣東省','1364567890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from customers; #查看數據 +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> exit Bye #在兩個slave上查看數據 [root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 #在node8上查看數據，發現數據已經同步 mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye [root@node9 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 #在node9上查看數據，發現數據已經同步 mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye
注意：數據庫
- 主從同步，主數據庫上添加數據，從數據庫上同步，可是從數據庫添加數據，主不一樣步
- 因爲是主從同步，若是主上刪除了數據，那麼從上的數據也就沒了，所以建議在主上作按期備份（mysqldump）
自此，MySQL主從同步之一主多從架構已經搭建完畢。vim
6.3.6 完全取消主從同步
既然有搭建主從同步就有撤銷主從同步，若是有撤銷主從同步的需求，請看下文。
#在主庫上執行
#重置主記錄信息
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB: hotdata
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#在兩個從庫上執行
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#清空從全部鏈接、信息記錄
mysql> reset slave all;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
可見主庫和從庫都已經解除了主從關係，最後把配置文件中與主從相關的配置刪除便可。
6.4 總結
MySQL主從同步之一主多從架構，通常用來作讀寫分離的，master負責寫入數據，其餘slave負責讀取數據，這種架構最大問題I/O壓力集中,在Master上多臺同步影響IO
七.MySQL主從同步之主主雙向同步架構
7.1 服務器規劃
| 主機名 | IP | 操做系統版本 | MySQL版本 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| node7 | 192.168.110.188 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | master，slave（既是主也是從） |
| node8 | 192.168.110.186 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | master，slave（既是主也是從） |
7.2 主從同步的原理
master將改變記錄到二進制日誌(binary log)中,slave將master的binary log events拷貝到它的中繼日誌(relay log),slave重作中繼日誌中的事件，修改salve上的數據。
7.3 部署MySQL主從同步之主主雙向同步
7.3.1 配置數據庫服務器node7
node7有雙重身份，既是node8的主，也是node8的從。
7.3.1.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
7.3.1.2 修改MySQL配置文件
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #與主從同步相關的配置在#mysql replication下面 [root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 skip_ssl #mysql replication #logbin參數啓用二進制日誌，並把二進制日誌放在/data/binlogs目錄下 log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin #數據庫標誌ID，惟一 server-id=1 #binlog-do-db能夠被從服務器複製的庫 binlog-do-db=hotdata #binlog-ignore-db不能夠被從服務器複製的庫 binlog-ignore-db=mysql
7.3.1.3 給node8授予replication的權限
#重啓MySQL [root@node7 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 #查看master狀態 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | hotdata | mysql | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@'192.168.110.186' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) #刷新權限 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye
7.3.2 配置數據庫服務器node8
node8有雙重身份，既是node7的主，也是node7的從。
7.3.2.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
7.3.2.2 修改MySQL配置文件
[root@node8 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #主從同步相關的配置在#mysql replication配置下面 [root@node8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 #mysql replication配置 log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin server-id=2 binlog-do-db=hotdata binlog-ignore-db=mysql [root@node8 ~]# 重啓MySQL [root@node8 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
7.3.2.3 測試從帳號slave可否登錄node7
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uslave -p123456 -h 192.168.110.188 #能夠看到成功登錄node7 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye
7.3.2.4 給node7賦予replication權限，並設置node8複製node7
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@'192.168.110.188' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.110.188',master_user='slave',master_password='123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)
#查看slave狀態，若是Slave_IO_Running，Slave_SQL_Running都爲yes，就表示ok
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.110.188
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_File: node8-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 817
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_Space: 1024
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a8da7421-157f-11ea-b1bf-000c297c0226
Master_Info_File: /data/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
7.3.3 配置數據庫服務器node7
7.3.3.1 測試從帳號slave可否登錄node8
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uslave -p123456 -h 192.168.110.186 #能夠看到成功使用slave帳號登陸node8 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye
7.3.3.2 設置node7複製node8
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.110.186',master_user='slave',master_password='123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
#查看slave狀態，若是Slave_IO_Running，Slave_SQL_Running都爲yes，就表示ok
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.110.186
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_File: node7-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 817
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 604
Relay_Log_Space: 1391
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: f083c41e-1671-11ea-8342-000c29f7e789
Master_Info_File: /data/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 604
Binlog_Do_DB: hotdata
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7.3.4 插入數據測試主從是否同步
7.3.4.1 在node7上插入數據，查看node8 上有沒有同步數據
#node7上插入數據 mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (1,'張三','珠江新城','廣州','廣東省','1234567890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (2,'李四','天安門','北京','北京市','1234127890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (3,'王二麻子','鐘鼓樓','昆明','雲南省','1234567870@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (4,'趙四','百花廣場','佛山','廣東省','1239867890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (2,'李四','天安門','北京','北京市','1234127890@qq.com','china'); values (3,'王二麻子','鐘鼓樓','昆明','雲南省','1234567870@qq.com','china'); insert into hotdata.customers values (4,'趙四','百花廣場','佛山','廣東省','1239867890@qq.com','china');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (3,'王二麻子','鐘鼓樓','昆明','雲南省','1234567870@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (4,'趙四','百花廣場','佛山','廣東省','1239867890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) #在node8上查詢數據 mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | +---------+--------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7.3.4.2 在node8上插入數據，查看node7 上有沒有同步數據
#node8上插入數據 mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (5,'劉能','體育中心','廣州','廣東省','1234512890@qq.com','china'); tomers values (7,'人生的哲理','塔坡山','大理','雲南省','2489567890@qq.com','china'); insert into hotdata.customers values (8,'美劇','美劇','美國','美國','2489567890@qq.com','usa');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (6,'謝廣坤','體育西路','廣州','廣東省','1364567890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (7,'人生的哲理','塔坡山','大理','雲南省','2489567890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (8,'美劇','美劇','美國','美國','2489567890@qq.com','usa'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | | 7 | 人生的哲理 | 塔坡山 | 大理 | 雲南省 | 2489567890@qq.com | china | | 8 | 美劇 | 美劇 | 美國 | 美國 | 2489567890@qq.com | usa | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 11 rows in set (0.00 sec) #node7查詢數據 mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | | 7 | 人生的哲理 | 塔坡山 | 大理 | 雲南省 | 2489567890@qq.com | china | | 8 | 美劇 | 美劇 | 美國 | 美國 | 2489567890@qq.com | usa | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 11 rows in set (0.01 sec)
由此可就主主雙向同步搭建完畢。
7.3.5 完全取消主從同步
既然有搭建主從同步就有撤銷主從同步，若是有撤銷主從同步的需求，請看下文。
因爲是主主雙向同步，因此兩個mysql服務器都要清除matser和slave的配置。
#在兩個MySQL上都執行以下操做，以node7爲例
#清除master配置
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB: hotdata
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.88 sec)
mysql> reset slave all;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
#清除slave配置
mysql> show slave status\G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
可見主庫和從庫都已經解除了主從關係，最後把配置文件中與主從相關的配置刪除便可。
7.4 總結
對於MySQL主從同步之主主雙向同步架構，不少人誤覺得這樣能夠作到MySQL負載均衡，實際上很是很差，每一個服務器須要作一樣的同步更新，破壞了事物的隔離性和數據的一致性，不推薦。
八.MySQL主從同步之M-S-S架構
8.1 服務器規劃
| 主機名 | IP | 操做系統版本 | MySQL版本 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| node7 | 192.168.110.188 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | master（主） |
| node8 | 192.168.110.186 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | slave中繼（中繼） |
| node9 | 192.168.110.187 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | slave（從） |
8.2 主從同步的原理
master將改變記錄到二進制日誌(binary log)中,slave將master的binary log events拷貝到它的中繼日誌(relay log),slave重作中繼日誌中的事件，修改salve上的數據。
因爲一主多從的結構IO壓力集中在master上，因此使用一臺slave做爲中繼，分擔Master的壓力，slave中繼須要開啓bin-log,並配置log-slave-updates，Slave中繼可以使用Black-hole存儲引擎，不會把數據存儲到磁盤，只記錄二進制日誌。
8.3 部署MySQL主從同步之M-S-S
8.3.1 配置主數據庫服務器node7
8.3.1.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
8.3.1.2 授予node8 replication的權限
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.110.186' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.36 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec) mysql> exit Bye
8.3.1.3 修改配置文件並重啓
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #與主從同步相關的配置在#mysql replication下面 [root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 skip_ssl #mysql replication log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin #server-id=1必須惟一 server-id=1 binlog-do-db=hotdata binlog-ignore-db=mysql #當每進行1次事務提交以後，MySQL將進行一次fsync之類的磁盤同步指令來將binlog_cache中的數據強制寫入磁盤 #sync-binlog具體解釋請看：https://www.cnblogs.com/wt645631686/p/8109002.html sync-binlog=1 #ROW模式（RBR）:不記錄每條sql語句的上下文信息，僅需記錄哪條數據被修改了，修改爲什麼樣了 #具體解釋查看：https://www.cnblogs.com/xingyunfashi/p/8431780.html binlog-format=row [root@node7 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
8.3.2 配置slave中繼node8
8.3.2.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
8.3.2.2 修改配置文件並重啓
##與主從同步相關的配置在#mysql replication下面 [root@node8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 #mysql replication配置 log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin server-id=2 #log-slave-updates參數默認是關閉的狀態，若是不手動設置，那麼bin-log只會記錄直接在該庫上執行的SQL語##句，由replication機制的SQL線程讀取relay-log而執行的SQL語句並不會記錄到bin-log，那麼就沒法實現上#述的三級級聯同步。 log-slave-updates=1 binlog-format=row relay-log=/data/data/relay-log.info [root@node8 ~]# [root@node8 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
8.3.2.3 受權node8複製node7,並授予node9 replication的權限
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.110.188',master_user='repl',master_password='123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.110.188
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 1230
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a8da7421-157f-11ea-b1bf-000c297c0226
Master_Info_File: /data/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.110.187' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
8.3.3 配置從服務器node9
8.3.3.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node9 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
8.3.3.2 修改配置文件並重啓
[root@node9 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@node9 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/run/mysql.sock pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid datadir=/data/data default_storage_engine=InnoDB max_allowed_packet=512M max_connections=2048 open_files_limit=65535 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 character-set-server=utf8mb4 collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M innodb_log_file_size=2048M innodb_file_per_table=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 key_buffer_size=64M log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log slow_query_log=1 slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log long_query_time=5 tmp_table_size=32M max_heap_table_size=32M query_cache_type=0 query_cache_size=0 #mysql replication配置 server-id=3 log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin binlog-format=row #relay-log=/data/relaylog/relay.log relay-log=/data/data/relay-log.info [root@node9 ~]# [root@node9 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
8.3.3.3 指定node8爲node9的主
[root@node9 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.110.186',master_user='repl',master_password='123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.110.186
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1052
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 1265
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1052
Relay_Log_Space: 1679
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 2
Master_UUID: f083c41e-1671-11ea-8342-000c29f7e789
Master_Info_File: /data/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
8.3.4 插入數據測試
#在node7上插入數據，查看node8和node9是否同步了數據 #先在node7上插入數據 [root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (1,'張三','珠江新城','廣州','廣東省','1234567890@qq.com','china'); mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (2,'李四','天安門','北京','北京市','1234127890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (3,'王二麻子','鐘鼓樓','昆明','雲南省','1234567870@qq.com','china'); ','雲南省','2489567890@qq.com','china');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (4,'趙四','百花廣場','佛山','廣東省','1239867890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (5,'劉能','體育中心','廣州','廣東省','1234512890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (6,'謝廣坤','體育西路','廣州','廣東省','1364567890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into hotdata.customers values (7,'人生的哲理','塔坡山','大理','雲南省','2489567890@qq.com','china'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | | 7 | 人生的哲理 | 塔坡山 | 大理 | 雲南省 | 2489567890@qq.com | china | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) #在node8上查看數據 [root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | | 7 | 人生的哲理 | 塔坡山 | 大理 | 雲南省 | 2489567890@qq.com | china | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) #在node9上查看數據 [root@node9 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | cust_id | cust_name | cust_address | cust_city | cust_state | cust_email | cust_country | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ | 1 | 張三 | 珠江新城 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234567890@qq.com | china | | 2 | 李四 | 天安門 | 北京 | 北京市 | 1234127890@qq.com | china | | 3 | 王二麻子 | 鐘鼓樓 | 昆明 | 雲南省 | 1234567870@qq.com | china | | 4 | 趙四 | 百花廣場 | 佛山 | 廣東省 | 1239867890@qq.com | china | | 5 | 劉能 | 體育中心 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1234512890@qq.com | china | | 6 | 謝廣坤 | 體育西路 | 廣州 | 廣東省 | 1364567890@qq.com | china | | 7 | 人生的哲理 | 塔坡山 | 大理 | 雲南省 | 2489567890@qq.com | china | +---------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-------------------+--------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
能夠發現如今數據都已經同步了，可是有一個問題，slave中繼node8也查到了數據，不符合需求。
設置node8須要同步的表hotdata.customers的存儲引擎爲blackhole
#關閉日誌記錄 mysql> set sql_log_bin=off; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #Blackhole引擎–「黑洞」. 其做用正如其名字同樣：任何寫入到此引擎的數據均會被丟棄掉，不作實際存儲；#Select語句的內容永遠是空。 和Linux中的 /dev/null 文件完成的做用徹底一致。 mysql> alter table hotdata.customers ENGINE=blackhole; Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from hotdata.customers; Empty set (0.00 sec)
此時，node7上插入數據，node9同步數據，node8只分擔node7的IO壓力，不存儲數據。
自此，MySQL主從同步之M-S-S架構搭建完畢。
8.4 總結
MySQL主從同步之M-S-S架構的好處是能夠極大的減輕主節點的壓力。
MySQL級聯複製的另外一用途是進行數據遷移。 好比新上的兩臺服務器B和C，要替換掉以前舊的服務器A，同時B和C是新的主從關係。所以，配置成級聯複製，來遷移數據，也方便切換。
轉換流程以下：
master A ------> slave B ------> slave C =轉換爲===> matser B ------> slave C
九.MySQL主從同步之多主多從架構
9.1 服務器規劃
| 主機名 | IP | 操做系統版本 | MySQL版本 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| node6 | 192.168.110.185 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | master,slave |
| node7 | 192.168.110.188 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | master,slave |
| node8 | 192.168.110.186 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | slave |
| node9 | 192.168.110.187 | CentOS 7.4.1708 | 5.7.26 | slave |
9.2 MySQL多主多從架構圖
架構圖說明：node6和node8，node7和node9爲一主一從架構，node6和node7爲主主雙向同步。
9.3 主從同步的原理
master將改變記錄到二進制日誌(binary log)中,slave將master的binary log events拷貝到它的中繼日誌(relay log),slave重作中繼日誌中的事件，修改salve上的數據。
一主多從架構能夠緩解讀的壓力，可是一旦主數據庫宕機了，就不能寫了，使用雙主雙從架構的話，一個主數據庫宕機了，使用另外一個主數據庫替代便可。
9.4 部署MySQL主從同步之雙主雙從
9.4.1 配置主數據庫服務器node6
9.4.1.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node6 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
9.4.1.2 修改node6的MySQL配置文件
[root@node6 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#MySQL主從同步的配置在#mysql replication下
[root@node6 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
key_buffer_size=64M
log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0
#mysql replication
#server-id必須惟一
server-id=4
#logbin參數啓用二進制日誌，並把二進制日誌放在/data/binlogs目錄下
log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin
#binlog-do-db能夠被從服務器複製的庫
binlog-do-db=hotdata
#binlog-ignore-db不能夠被從服務器複製的庫
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
##auto_increment_increment，控制主鍵自增的自增步長，用於防止Master與Master之間複製出現重複自增字##段值，一般auto_increment_increment=n，有多少臺主服務器，n 就設置爲多少；
auto_increment_increment=2
#auto_increment_offset＝1設置自增起始值，這裏設置爲1，這樣Master的auto_increment字段產生的數值##是：1, 3, 5, 7, …等奇數ID，注意auto_increment_offset的設置，不一樣的master設置不該該同樣，不然就##容易引發主鍵衝突，好比master1的offset=1，則master2的offset=2，master3的offset=3
auto_increment_offset=1
#在雙主模式中，log-slave-updates 配置項必定要配置，不然在node6上進行了更新數據，在#node7和node8上會更新，可是在node9上不會更新
log-slave-updates
#sync_binlog表示每幾回事務提交，MySQL把binlog緩存刷進日誌文件中，默認是0，最安全的是設置爲1；
sync_binlog=1
#重啓MySQL
[root@node6 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@node6 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-12-12 15:02:26 CST; 28s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 3753 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3755 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─3755 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
Dec 12 15:02:25 node6 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 12 15:02:26 node6 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
9.4.1.3 node6建立複製帳號並受權給node7和node8
[root@node6 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'copy'@'192.168.110.188' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'copy'@'192.168.110.186' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
9.4.2 配置主數據庫服務器node7
9.4.2.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
9.4.2.2 修改node7的MySQL配置文件
[root@node7 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@node7 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
key_buffer_size=64M
log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0
skip_ssl
#mysql replication
log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin
server-id=1
binlog-do-db=hotdata
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=2
log-slave-updates
sync_binlog=1
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@node7 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-12-12 15:02:29 CST; 26s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 14635 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 14637 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─14637 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
Dec 12 15:02:25 node7 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 12 15:02:29 node7 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
9.4.2.3 node7建立複製帳號並受權給node6和node9
[root@node7 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'copy'@'192.168.110.185' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.12 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'copy'@'192.168.110.187' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
9.4.3 配置從數據庫服務器node8
9.4.3.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node8 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
9.4.3.2 修改node8的MySQL配置文件
[root@node8 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@node8 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
key_buffer_size=64M
log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0
#mysql replication配置
server-id=2
[root@node8 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@node8 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-12-12 15:02:28 CST; 27s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 24078 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 24080 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─24080 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
Dec 12 15:02:25 node8 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 12 15:02:28 node8 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
9.4.4 配置從數據庫服務器node9
9.4.4.1 建立須要同步的數據庫及其表
[root@node9 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> create database hotdata; #建立熱點數據庫 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.70 sec) mysql> use hotdata; Database changed #建立顧客表 mysql> create table customers(cust_id int,cust_name varchar(30),cust_address varchar(50),cust_city varchar(30),cust_state varchar(50),cust_email varchar(30),cust_country varchar(50)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec) mysql> desc customers; #查看錶結構 +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cust_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_city | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_state | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_email | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | | | cust_country | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.36 sec) mysql> exit Bye
9.4.4.2 修改node9的MySQL配置文件
[root@node9 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@node9 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535
skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
key_buffer_size=64M
log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0
#mysql replication配置
server-id=3
[root@node9 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@node9 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-12-12 15:02:27 CST; 28s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(5.7)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 27714 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 27716 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─27716 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/run/mysql.pid
Dec 12 15:02:25 node9 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 12 15:02:27 node9 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
9.4.5 在slave上配置master（全部節點）
四臺MySQL都扮演slave的角色，因此全部節點都要配置
#在全部節點的MySQL上執行以下 mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> reset slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) #由於node6和node9是node7的從，node7和node8是node6的從 #因此在node6和node9上執行 mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.110.188',master_user='copy',master_password='123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) #在node7和node8上執行 mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.110.185',master_user='copy',master_password='123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)
9.4.6 啓動slave,讓四臺MySQL進入主從複製狀態
#在全部MySQL節點上執行
#mysql> start slave;
#mysql> show master status\G
#mysql> show slave status\G
#若是執行show slave status\G以後，Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running均爲yes，則說明主從同步成功
#下面以node6爲例，其餘節點相似
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000001
Position: 154
Binlog_Do_DB: hotdata
Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.110.188
Master_User: copy
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: node6-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 574
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: a8da7421-157f-11ea-b1bf-000c297c0226
Master_Info_File: /data/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
9.4.7 測試驗證雙主雙從
#測試一：在node6上插入一條數據，其餘全部mysql都應該同步這條數據 #測試二:在node7上插入一條數據，其餘全部mysql都應該同步這條數據 #測試三：中止node6上的MySQL（模擬故障），在node7上插入一條數據，只有node9上同步該數據，重啓node6以後（模擬故障恢復），node6和node8也應該同步該數據。 #若是上述測試都經過，則說明MySQL雙主雙從架構搭建完畢並功能無誤。
9.5 總結
MySQL主從同步之多主多從架構能夠實現MySQL服務的高可用，即便一個MySQL主數據庫宕機，使用另一個主數據庫替代便可，避免了數據的不一樣步和服務的不可用。
十.參考資料
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