1、安裝php
一、安裝第三方epel源node
centos 5的epelpython
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
17:01:30 # cat /etc/issueCentOS release 6.5 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m
因爲是6版本因此安裝6的epelios
yum install ansible
若是須要自定義module或者想閱讀源碼、使用最新版本,能夠去github裏下載源碼git
git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible17:23:27 # lltotal 12-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts 其中ansible.cfg是配置文件,hosts是管理主機信息17:24:44 # cat hosts172.17.0.2:49154172.17.0.4:49155[zabbix]172.17.0.2:49154172.17.0.4:49155[***]172.17.0.10
16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m pingSSH password: 127.0.0.1 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong"} root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m pingSSH password: 172.17.0.5 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}172.17.0.4 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}172.17.0.2 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
若是你有多臺服務器的話,想併發運行,能夠使用-f參數,默認是併發5github
11:30:35 # ansible *** -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> xterm
11:30:44 # ansible *** -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/server", "gid": 505, "group": "test", "md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e", "mode": "0664", "owner": "test", "size": 7, "src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source", "state": "file", "uid": 503}
去客戶端查看文件是否傳輸過來sql
11:34:57 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 76-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
11:35:09 # ansible *** -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> server
還有另一個模塊file,能夠修改用戶與權限shell
13:50:07 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
server文件是664權限,用戶與組都是testexpress
13:51:17 # ansible *** -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/server", "size": 7, "state": "file", "uid": 0} root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible13:51:31 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
14:20:30 # ansible *** -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -KSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "changed": true, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 Base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\r Verifying : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 \n\nComplete!\n" ] }
3、playbook配置管理json
A.進行一下shell模塊操做,測試刪除文件
先查看一下客戶端的server-test是否存在
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test
而後寫一個刪除的playbook
[root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml ---- hosts: *** remote_user: test tasks: - name: delete /tmp/server-test shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] *********************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory
B.進行一下template模塊操做,測試文件傳輸
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
C.使用service模塊,測試一下服務重啓
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -sSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ] [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd: [ OK ]
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 84-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml [root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test gather_facts: False tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-`item` with_items: - server-1 - server-2 - server-3[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
F.debug輸出
[root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test gather_facts: True tasks: - name: debug to print interface debug: msg="`item`" with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [debug to print interface] ********************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => { "item": "10.10.32.34", "msg": "10.10.32.34"}
G.check模式,僅檢測,但不實行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
使用diff與不使用做對比
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** --- before +++ after @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@+server changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
相似puppet的fact、salt的grains
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success >> { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "10.10.32.34", "10.10.32.34" ], "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667" ], "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007", "ansible_bios_version": "Bochs", "ansible_cmdline": { "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc", "KEYTABLE": "us", "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", "quiet": true, "rd_NO_DM": true, "rd_NO_LUKS": true, "rd_NO_LVM": true, "rd_NO_MD": true, "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c" },
數據太多,我就展現部分。
十、優化ansible-playbook運行時間
默認playbook是進行客戶端fact蒐集,通常若是你配置裏沒有使用fact的話,能夠關閉這樣就能減小運行時間
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test# gather_facts: False tasks: - name: echo hi shell: echo "hi"[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m8.396suser 0m0.796ssys 0m0.158s[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m3.309suser 0m0.724ssys 0m0.108s[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m3.409suser 0m0.716ssys 0m0.099s
能夠看到第一次8s,後2次都是3s
下面是優化後(未使用fact)
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test gather_facts: False tasks: - name: echo hi shell: echo "hi"[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m2.758suser 0m0.585ssys 0m0.096s[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 real 0m2.359suser 0m0.565ssys 0m0.077s
默認的模塊放到/usr/share/ansible
在這個目錄建立一個目錄hostname,而後把下面文件放到此目錄
15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname #!/bin/bash#This script is modify system hostnameset -e# This is potentially dangeroussource ${1}OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)"CHANGED="False"if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ]; then hostname $hostnameOLDHOSTNAME="$hostname"CHANGED="True"fi echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}"exit 0
查看一下***的當前hostname
15:03:29 # ansible *** -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34
15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml - name: Test the hostname file hosts: *** tasks: - name: Set the hostname hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34
15:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -kSSH password: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
而後修改一下hostname.yml的主機名
16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml - name: Test the hostname file hosts: *** tasks: - name: Set the hostname hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test
16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -sSSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible16:26:55 # ansible *** -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34-test
擴展var就是在playbook的yml裏寫入變量,在執行的時候制定變量從而執行,大大的提供了重複使用率
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
能夠看到有test-server-1文件
在看看playbook文件內容
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: `host` remote_user: `user` gather_facts: `gather` tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
執行前先檢測一下語法是否有問題,使用--synctax-check
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should updateit (ie. yum update gmp). ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11--- - hosts: `host` ^ This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value.For instance, if the original line was: app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo It should be written as: app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue withmissing quotes. Always quote template expression brackets when they start a value. For instance: with_items: - {{ foo }} Should be written as: with_items: - "{{ foo }}" This one looks easy to fix. YAML thought it was looking for the start of a hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{". Most likely this was meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value.For instance, if the original line was: app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo It should be written as: app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
解決方法是把var的變量先後添加""或者''
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: "`host`" remote_user: "`user`" gather_facts: "`gather`" tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should updateit (ie. yum update gmp). playbook: delete_vars.yml
沒有問題了,在運行一下
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ fatal: [172.17.0.10] => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry172.17.0.10 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=1 failed=0
沒法運行,緣由是我yml裏制定了獲取fact信息後,判斷若是是redhat系列系統才刪除,而我在運行的指定不收集fact,下面在指定收集fact
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
1三、tags
使用tag可讓playbook選擇性的運行程序
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars_tags.yml --- - hosts: "`host`" remote_user: "`user`" gather_facts: "`gather`" tasks: - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" tags: server-1 - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2 shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2 when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" tags: server-2
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should updateit (ie. yum update gmp). playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看一下客戶端的文件狀況
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
從上面測試能夠看到,若是playbook使用了tag,而且在運行中指定tag,那麼運行的時候僅容許此tag的信息
下面是測試運行時候不帶tag的狀況
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: *** remote_user: test tasks: - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-`item` with_items: - server-1 - server-2 - server-3[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [***] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 [root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 28 2012 ***_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
能夠看到若是不知道tag,那麼運行的時候,會所有運行。
FAQ:
一、出現Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!
SSH password: 172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> { "failed": true, "msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!", "parsed": false}
緣由是python版本太低,要不升級python要不就安裝python-simplejson,下面是官方的話
On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need:
SSH password: 172.17.0.4 | success >> { "changed": false, "ping": "pong"}
二、默認ansible是使用key驗證的,若是使用密碼登錄的服務器,使用ansible的話,要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass = True給取消註釋,要不就在運行命令時候加上-k,這個意思是-k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password
三、若是客戶端不在know_hosts裏將會報錯
paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established. The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
若是想解決此問題,須要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消註釋
四、若是出現
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
須要你在最後添加參數-k
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -kSSH password: 172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >> xterm172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >> xterm