ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的實現原理

本章將和你們分享ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的實現原理。

本章將和你們分享ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的實現原理。html

首先咱們須要瞭解什麼是IOC,爲何要使用IOC容器?ide

1、依賴

類A用到了類B,咱們就說類A依賴類B。函數

using System;namespace MyIOCDI{ public class Test {  public void Show()  {   MyDependency myDependency = new MyDependency(); //全是細節   myDependency.Show();   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public class MyDependency {  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } }}

上面的示例中,類Test就依賴了MyDependency類。測試

2、依賴倒置原則(Dependence Inversion Principle)

依賴倒置原則:高層模塊不該該依賴於低層模塊,兩者都應該依賴於抽象。應該依賴於抽象,而不是依賴細節。大數據

什麼是高層模塊?這裏的使用者Test類就稱爲高層模塊。什麼是低層模塊?被使用者MyDependency類就稱爲低層模塊。上面的示例中咱們的高層模塊就依賴於咱們的低層模塊。網站

那麼這樣子有什麼很差呢?this

  一、面嚮對象語言開發,就是類與類之間進行交互,若是高層直接依賴低層的細節,細節是多變的,那麼低層的變化就致使上層的變化;spa

  二、若是層數多了,低層的修改會直接水波效應傳遞到最上層,一點細微的改動都會致使整個系統從下往上的修改。線程

所以,上例按照依賴倒置原則修改以下:htm

using System;namespace MyIOCDI{ public class Test {  public void Show()  {   IDepenency myDependency = new MyDependency(); //左邊抽象右邊細節   myDependency.Show();   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public class MyDependency : IDepenency {  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public interface IDepenency {  void Show(); }}

3、IOC控制反轉

控制反轉是一種思想,所謂「控制反轉」就是反轉得到依賴對象的過程。

上面示例通過改造後雖然遵循了「依賴倒置原則」,可是違背了「開放封閉原則」,由於若是有一天想要修改myDependency爲YourDependency類的實例,則須要修改Test類。

所以,咱們須要反轉這種建立對象的過程:

using System;namespace MyIOCDI{ public class Test {  private readonly IDepenency _myDependency;  public Test(IDepenency myDependency)  {   this._myDependency = myDependency;  }  public void Show()  {   _myDependency.Show();   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public class MyDependency : IDepenency {  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");  } } public interface IDepenency {  void Show(); }}

上例中,將 _myDependency 的建立過程「反轉」給了調用者。

4、依賴注入(Dependency Injection)

所謂依賴注入,就是由IOC容器在運行期間,動態地將某種依賴關係注入到對象之中。

依賴注入就是能作到構造某個對象時,將依賴的對象自動初始化並注入 。

IOC是目標是效果,須要DI依賴注入的手段。

三種注入方式:構造函數注入--屬性注入--方法注入(按時間順序)。

構造函數注入用的最多,默認找參數最多的構造函數,能夠不用特性,能夠去掉對容器的依賴。

5、IOC容器的實現原理

IOC容器的實現原理:

  一、啓動時保存註冊信息。

  二、在構造某個對象時,使用反射加特性,將依賴的對象自動初始化並注入。

  三、對對象進行生命週期管理或者進行AOP擴展等。

下面咱們重點來看下模擬實現IOC容器的代碼:

首先來看下項目的目錄結構:

此處IOC容器中用到的自定義特性以下所示:

using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 構造函數注入特性 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Constructor)] public class ConstructorInjectionAttribute : Attribute { }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 方法注入特性 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)] public class MethodInjectionAttribute : Attribute { }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 常量 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter)] public class ParameterConstantAttribute : Attribute { }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 簡稱(別名) /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter | AttributeTargets.Property)] public class ParameterShortNameAttribute : Attribute {  public string ShortName { get; private set; }  public ParameterShortNameAttribute(string shortName)  {   this.ShortName = shortName;  } }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute{ /// <summary> /// 屬性注入特性 /// </summary> [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)] public class PropertyInjectionAttribute : Attribute { }}

IOC容器實現以下所示:

using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer{ public class IOCContainerRegistModel {  public Type TargetType { get; set; }  /// <summary>  /// 生命週期  /// </summary>  public LifetimeType Lifetime { get; set; }  /// <summary>  /// 僅限單例  /// </summary>  public object SingletonInstance { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// 生命週期 /// </summary> public enum LifetimeType {  Transient, //瞬時  Singleton,  Scope, //做用域  PerThread //線程單例  //外部可釋放單例 }}
using System;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer{ /// <summary> /// IOC容器接口 /// </summary> public interface ITianYaIOCContainer {  void Register<TFrom, TTo>(string shortName = null, object[] paraList = null, LifetimeType lifetimeType = LifetimeType.Transient)   where TTo : TFrom;  TFrom Resolve<TFrom>(string shortName = null);  ITianYaIOCContainer CreateChildContainer(); }}
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Reflection;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute;namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer{ /// <summary> /// IOC容器 /// </summary> public class TianYaIOCContainer : ITianYaIOCContainer {  #region 字段或者屬性  /// <summary>  /// 保存註冊信息  /// </summary>  private Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel> _tianYaContainerDictionary = new Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel>();  /// <summary>  /// 保存常量的值  /// </summary>  private Dictionary<string, object[]> _tianYaContainerValueDictionary = new Dictionary<string, object[]>();  /// <summary>  /// 做用域單例的對象  /// </summary>  private Dictionary<string, object> _tianYaContainerScopeDictionary = new Dictionary<string, object>();  #endregion 字段或者屬性  #region 構造函數  /// <summary>  /// 無參構造行數  /// </summary>  public TianYaIOCContainer()  {  }  /// <summary>  /// 主要在建立子容器的時候使用  /// </summary>  private TianYaIOCContainer(Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel> tianYaContainerDictionary,   Dictionary<string, object[]> tianYaContainerValueDictionary, Dictionary<string, object> tianYaContainerScopeDictionary)  {   this._tianYaContainerDictionary = tianYaContainerDictionary;   this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary = tianYaContainerValueDictionary;   this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary = tianYaContainerScopeDictionary;  }  #endregion 構造函數  /// <summary>  /// 建立子容器  /// </summary>  public ITianYaIOCContainer CreateChildContainer()  {   return new TianYaIOCContainer(this._tianYaContainerDictionary, this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary,    new Dictionary<string, object>()); //沒有註冊關係,最好能初始化進去  }  /// <summary>  /// 獲取鍵  /// </summary>  private string GetKey(string fullName, string shortName) => $"{fullName}___{shortName}";  /// <summary>  /// 加個參數區分生命週期--並且註冊關係得保存生命週期  /// </summary>  /// <typeparam name="TFrom">要添加的服務的類型</typeparam>  /// <typeparam name="TTo">要使用的實現的類型</typeparam>  /// <param name="shortName">簡稱(別名)(主要用於解決單接口多實現)</param>  /// <param name="paraList">常量參數</param>  /// <param name="lifetimeType">生命週期</param>  public void Register<TFrom, TTo>(string shortName = null, object[] paraList = null, LifetimeType lifetimeType = LifetimeType.Transient)   where TTo : TFrom  {   this._tianYaContainerDictionary.Add(this.GetKey(typeof(TFrom).FullName, shortName), new IOCContainerRegistModel()   {    Lifetime = lifetimeType,    TargetType = typeof(TTo)   });   if (paraList != null && paraList.Length > 0)   {    this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary.Add(this.GetKey(typeof(TFrom).FullName, shortName), paraList);   }  }  /// <summary>  /// 獲取對象  /// </summary>  public TFrom Resolve<TFrom>(string shortName = null)  {   return (TFrom)this.ResolveObject(typeof(TFrom), shortName);  }  /// <summary>  /// 遞歸--能夠完成不限層級的對象建立  /// </summary>  private object ResolveObject(Type abstractType, string shortName = null)  {   string key = this.GetKey(abstractType.FullName, shortName);   var model = this._tianYaContainerDictionary[key];   #region 生命週期   switch (model.Lifetime)   {    case LifetimeType.Transient:     Console.WriteLine("Transient Do Nothing Before");     break;    case LifetimeType.Singleton:     if (model.SingletonInstance == null)     {      break;     }     else     {      return model.SingletonInstance;     }    case LifetimeType.Scope:     if (this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary.ContainsKey(key))     {      return this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary[key];     }     else     {      break;     }    default:     break;   }   #endregion 生命週期   Type type = model.TargetType;   #region 選擇合適的構造函數   ConstructorInfo ctor = null;   //標記特性   ctor = type.GetConstructors().FirstOrDefault(c => c.IsDefined(typeof(ConstructorInjectionAttribute), true));   if (ctor == null)   {    //參數個數最多    ctor = type.GetConstructors().OrderByDescending(c => c.GetParameters().Length).First();   }   //ctor = type.GetConstructors()[0]; //直接第一個   #endregion 選擇合適的構造函數   #region 準備構造函數的參數   List<object> paraList = new List<object>();   object[] paraConstant = this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary.ContainsKey(key) ? this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary[key] : null; //常量找出來   int iIndex = 0;   foreach (var para in ctor.GetParameters())   {    if (para.IsDefined(typeof(ParameterConstantAttribute), true))    {     paraList.Add(paraConstant[iIndex]);     iIndex++;    }    else    {     Type paraType = para.ParameterType; //獲取參數的類型     string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(para);     object paraInstance = this.ResolveObject(paraType, paraShortName);     paraList.Add(paraInstance);    }   }   #endregion 準備構造函數的參數   object oInstance = null;   oInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type, paraList.ToArray()); //建立對象,完成構造函數的注入   #region 屬性注入   foreach (var prop in type.GetProperties().Where(p => p.IsDefined(typeof(PropertyInjectionAttribute), true)))   {    Type propType = prop.PropertyType;    string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(prop);    object propInstance = this.ResolveObject(propType, paraShortName);    prop.SetValue(oInstance, propInstance);   }   #endregion 屬性注入   #region 方法注入    foreach (var method in type.GetMethods().Where(m => m.IsDefined(typeof(MethodInjectionAttribute), true)))   {    List<object> paraInjectionList = new List<object>();    foreach (var para in method.GetParameters())    {     Type paraType = para.ParameterType;//獲取參數的類型 IUserDAL     string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(para);     object paraInstance = this.ResolveObject(paraType, paraShortName);     paraInjectionList.Add(paraInstance);    }    method.Invoke(oInstance, paraInjectionList.ToArray());   }   #endregion 方法注入   #region 生命週期   switch (model.Lifetime)   {    case LifetimeType.Transient:     Console.WriteLine("Transient Do Nothing After");     break;    case LifetimeType.Singleton:     model.SingletonInstance = oInstance;     break;    case LifetimeType.Scope:     this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary[key] = oInstance;     break;    default:     break;   }   #endregion 生命週期   //return oInstance.AOP(abstractType); //AOP擴展   return oInstance;  }  /// <summary>  /// 獲取簡稱(別名)  /// </summary>  private string GetShortName(ICustomAttributeProvider provider)  {   if (provider.IsDefined(typeof(ParameterShortNameAttribute), true))   {    var attribute = (ParameterShortNameAttribute)(provider.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ParameterShortNameAttribute), true)[0]);    return attribute.ShortName;   }   else   {    return null;   }  } }}

測試用接口以下所示:

using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceA {  void Show(); }}
using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceB {  void Show(); }}
using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceC {  void Show(); }}
using System;namespace MyIOCDI.IService{ public interface ITestServiceD {  void Show(); }}

測試用接口對應的實現以下所示:

using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceA : ITestServiceA {  public TestServiceA()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");  }  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}
using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceB : ITestServiceB {  public TestServiceB()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");  }  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}
using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceC : ITestServiceC {  public TestServiceC()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");  }  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}
using System;using MyIOCDI.IService;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute;namespace MyIOCDI.Service{ public class TestServiceD : ITestServiceD {  /// <summary>  /// 屬性注入  /// </summary>  [PropertyInjection]  public ITestServiceA TestServiceA { get; set; }  /// <summary>  /// 帶有別名的屬性注入  /// </summary>  [ParameterShortName("ServiceB")]  [PropertyInjection]  public ITestServiceB TestServiceB { get; set; }  public TestServiceD()  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被構造。。。");  }  #region 構造函數注入  private readonly ITestServiceA _testServiceA;  private readonly ITestServiceB _testServiceB;  [ConstructorInjection] //優先選擇帶有構造函數注入特性的  public TestServiceD(ITestServiceA testServiceA, [ParameterConstant] string sValue, ITestServiceB testServiceB, [ParameterConstant] int iValue)  {   Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}--{sValue}--{iValue}被構造。。。");   _testServiceA = testServiceA;   _testServiceB = testServiceB;  }  #endregion 構造函數注入  #region 方法注入  private ITestServiceC _testServiceC;  [MethodInjection]  public void Init(ITestServiceC testServiceC)  {   _testServiceC = testServiceC;  }  #endregion 方法注入  public void Show()  {   Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");  } }}

使用IOC容器以下所示:

using System;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer;using MyIOCDI.IService;using MyIOCDI.Service;namespace MyIOCDI{ class Program {  static void Main(string[] args)  {   ITianYaIOCContainer container = new TianYaIOCContainer();   {    //註冊    container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(); //將ITestServiceA註冊到TestServiceA    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>(shortName: "ServiceB");    container.Register<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();    container.Register<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>(paraList: new object[] { "浪子天涯", 666 }, lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Singleton);    ITestServiceD d1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>(); //建立對象交給IOC容器    ITestServiceD d2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>();    d1.Show();    Console.WriteLine($"object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2) = {object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2)}");   }   Console.ReadKey();  } }}

運行結果以下:

using System;using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer;using MyIOCDI.IService;using MyIOCDI.Service;namespace MyIOCDI{ class Program {  static void Main(string[] args)  {   ITianYaIOCContainer container = new TianYaIOCContainer();   //{   // //註冊   // container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(); //將ITestServiceA註冊到TestServiceA   // container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();   // container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>(shortName: "ServiceB");   // container.Register<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();   // container.Register<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>(paraList: new object[] { "浪子天涯", 666 }, lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Singleton);   // ITestServiceD d1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>(); //建立對象交給IOC容器   // ITestServiceD d2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>();   // d1.Show();   // Console.WriteLine($"object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2) = {object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2)}");   //}   {    //生命週期:做用域    //就是Http請求時,一個請求處理過程當中,建立都是同一個實例;不一樣的請求處理過程當中,就是不一樣的實例;    //得區分請求,Http請求---Asp.NetCore內置Kestrel,初始化一個容器實例;而後每次來一個Http請求,就clone一個,    //或者叫建立子容器(包含註冊關係),而後一個請求就一個子容器實例,那麼就能夠作到請求單例了(其實就是子容器單例)    //主要能夠去作DbContext Repository    container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Scope);    ITestServiceA a1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITestServiceA a2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a1, a2)); //T    ITianYaIOCContainer container1 = container.CreateChildContainer();    ITestServiceA a11 = container1.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITestServiceA a12 = container1.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITianYaIOCContainer container2 = container.CreateChildContainer();    ITestServiceA a21 = container2.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    ITestServiceA a22 = container2.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a12)); //T    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a21, a22)); //T    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a21)); //F    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a22)); //F    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a12, a21)); //F    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a12, a22)); //F   }   Console.ReadKey();  } }}

運行結果以下:

至此本文就介紹完了,若是以爲對您有所啓發請記得點個贊哦!!!

 

Demo源碼:

連接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/15xpmWbEDbkm7evpr4iIZNg 提取碼:ckes

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ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的實現原理
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