72. Edit Distance

72. Edit Distance

0. 參考文獻

序號	文獻
1	LeetCode 72. Edit Distance 最短字符串編輯距離 動態規劃

1.題目

Given two words word1 and word2, find the minimum number of operations required to convert word1 to word2.

You have the following 3 operations permitted on a word:

1. Insert a character
2. Delete a character
3. Replace a character

Example 1:

Input: word1 = "horse", word2 = "ros"
Output: 3
Explanation: 
horse -> rorse (replace 'h' with 'r')
rorse -> rose (remove 'r')
rose -> ros (remove 'e')

Example 2:

Input: word1 = "intention", word2 = "execution"
Output: 5
Explanation: 
intention -> inention (remove 't')
inention -> enention (replace 'i' with 'e')
enention -> exention (replace 'n' with 'x')
exention -> exection (replace 'n' with 'c')
exection -> execution (insert 'u')

2. 思路

這道題是求解字符串word1 經過替換，刪除，插入最小几步能夠變成word2。本題也能夠經過動態規劃的方式解決。設dp[i] [j] 是到word1的0 - i個字符經過替換，刪除，插入等步驟能夠變成Word2的0 - j 個字符的步驟數。則dp[i] [j] 的遞推式有：

1. 若是word1[ i - 1 ] 和word2[ j - 1 ] 相同，(注意這裏dp矩陣是從空字符開始，因此i-1是j -1 是真實的字符index)，則當前的字符不用替換，那麼dp[i] [j] 的值就是dp[i-1] [j-1] 的值。

2. 若是word1[ i - 1 ] 和word2[ j - 1 ] 不相同，那麼要word1[ 0 - i ] 到word2[ 0 - j ]的方法有3種：刪除，替換，插入。則當前的值是這3個方法中的最小值：
   2.1 刪除對應的是dp[ i - 1 ] [ j ] + 1，既word1[ 0 - i -1 ]已經能匹配 word2[ 0 - j ]了，因此刪除當前字符。
   2.2 插入對應的是dp[ i ] [ j - 1 ] + 1 ，既word1[ 0 - i ] 已經能匹配wrod2[ 0 - j -1 ]了，當前必須在插入一個和word2[j]同樣的字符來轉換。
   2.3 替換對應的是dp[ i - 1 ] [ j - 1 ] +1 ,既word1[ 0 - i -1 ]能匹配word2[ 0 - j -1 ]了，當前的word1[ i ] 和word2[ j ]不同，必須替換。

同時必須初始化下第0行和第0列 ，（注意dp的0行和0列分別表明了2個空字符串）：

for i in range(1,row) :
  dp[i][0] = i

for j in range(1,col):
  dp[0][j] = j

3. 實現

class Solution(object):
    def minDistance(self, word1, word2):
        """
        :type word1: str
        :type word2: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        
        row = len(word1) + 1
        col = len(word2) + 1
        dp = [ [ 0 for j in range(col) ] for i in range(row) ]

        if len(word1) == 0 :
            return len(word2)
        if len(word2) == 0 :
            return len(word1)

        dp[0][0] = 0

        for i in range(1,row) :
            dp[i][0] = i

        for j in range(1,col):
            dp[0][j] = j

        for i in range(1,row):
            for j in range(1,col):
                if word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]:
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1]
                else:
                    dp[i][j] = min(dp[i-1][j-1] + 1, dp[i-1][j] + 1);
                    dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j-1] + 1, dp[i][j])
      
        return dp[row-1][col-1]