1.搭建Hadoop實驗平臺
節點功能規劃
操做系統：CentOS7.2（1511）html
Java JDK版本：jdk-8u65-linux-x64.tar.gzjava
Hadoop版本：hadoop-2.8.3.tar.gznode
下載地址：linux
連接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1iQfjO-d2ojA6mAeOOKb6CA 提取碼：l0qp
| node1 | node2 | node3 |
|---|---|---|
| NameNode | ResourceManage | |
| DataNode | DataNode | DataNode |
| NodeManager | NodeManager | NodeManager |
| HistoryServer | SecondaryNameNode |
配置主機IP地址和主機名稱
三始主機分別命名爲：node1，node2，node3，IP地址和主機名稱對應關係以下：web
| 序號 | 主機名 | IP地址 | 備註 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | node1 | 192.168.100.11 | 主節點 |
| 2 | node2 | 192.168.100.12 | 從節點 |
| 3 | node3 | 192.168.100.13 | 從節點 |
修改主機名
在三個節點上分別執行修改主機名的命令：shell
node1：bash
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node1
node2：服務器
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node2
node3：app
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname node3
按ctrl+d快捷鍵或輸入exit，退出終端，從新登陸後，查看主機名，以下圖所示：ssh
修改IP地址
以node1節點爲例，在三個節點執行修改IP地址的操做（注意網卡名稱因機器的不一樣可能不同，例如，node1的網卡名爲：eno16777736）：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736
將node1，node2，node3節點的IP地址分別設置爲：192.168.100.11，192.168.100.12，192.168.100.13
修改主機映射
在三個節點分別執行以下操做，添加主機名和IP地址的映射關係：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts
配置節點主機之間的免密登陸
生成本節點公鑰
在node1，node2，node3三個節點上分別執行生成密鑰的命令（遇到選擇項，直接按回國鍵Enter）：
[root@node1 ~]# ssh-keygen
進入.ssh目錄，查看生成的公鑰：
[root@node1 ~]# cd ~/.ssh/ [root@node1 .ssh]# ls id_rsa id_rsa.pub
拷貝公鑰
將生成的公鑰拷貝至節點（包括自身節點）：
node1節點：
[root@node1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node1 The authenticity of host 'node1 (192.168.100.11)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node1's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@node1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node2 The authenticity of host 'node2 (192.168.100.12)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node2's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node2'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@node1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node3 The authenticity of host 'node3 (192.168.100.13)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node3's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node3'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
node2節點：
[root@node2 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node1 The authenticity of host 'node1 (192.168.100.11)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node1's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@node2 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node2 The authenticity of host 'node2 (192.168.100.12)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node2's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node2'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@node2 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node3 The authenticity of host 'node3 (192.168.100.13)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node3's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node3'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
node3節點：
[root@node3 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node1 The authenticity of host 'node1 (192.168.100.11)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node1's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node1'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@node3 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node2 The authenticity of host 'node2 (192.168.100.12)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node2's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node2'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@node3 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@node3 The authenticity of host 'node3 (192.168.100.13)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is e1:6c:f3:7f:be:79:dc:87:15:97:51:4d:e5:b4:56:78. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys root@node3's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@node3'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
測試免密登陸
在三個節點上分別執行命令，訪問相關節點（含自身節點），若是不須要輸入密碼進行身份驗證，則表示成功（以node3節點上的操做爲例）：
[root@node3 .ssh]# ssh node1 Last login: Thu Jan 21 11:32:29 2021 from 192.168.100.1 [root@node1 ~]# exit logout Connection to node1 closed. [root@node3 .ssh]# ssh node2 Last login: Thu Jan 21 16:01:47 2021 from node1 [root@node2 ~]# exit logout Connection to node2 closed. [root@node3 .ssh]# ssh node3 Last login: Thu Jan 21 16:01:59 2021 from node1 [root@node3 ~]# exit logout Connection to node3 closed.
關閉防火牆
三個節點都要執行：
[root@node1 .ssh]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@node1 .ssh]# systemctl disable firewalld Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
設置Selinux
三個節點都要設置selinux爲disabled：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
將selinux設置爲disabled後，須要重啓機器生效，也能夠執行以下命令，將selinux設置爲permissive（一樣也要在三個節點操做）：
[root@node1 ~]# setenforce 0 [root@node1 ~]# getenforce Permissive
配置Java環境
在node1節點下建立目錄/opt/jdk，將jdk包上傳至此目錄：
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/jdk [root@node1 ~]# cd /opt/jdk [root@node1 jdk]# ls jdk-8u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
解壓縮jdk-8u65-linux-x64.tar.gz至當前目錄，完成後刪除壓縮包：
[root@node1 jdk]# tar zxvf jdk-8u65-linux-x64.tar.gz [root@node1 jdk]# rm -f jdk-8u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
修改/etc/profile文件，添加Java環境配置信息：
[root@node1 jdk]# vi /etc/profile
#Java Start
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_65
export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/rt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/dt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar
#Java End
使用Java環境配置信息生效：
[root@node1 jdk]# source /etc/profile [root@node1 jdk]# java -version java version "1.8.0_65" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_65-b17) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.65-b01, mixed mode)
配置Hadoop環境
在node1節點下建立目錄/opt/hadoop，將hadoop包上傳至此目錄：
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/hadoop [root@node1 ~]# cd /opt/hadoop/ [root@node1 hadoop]# ls hadoop-2.8.3.tar.gz
解壓縮hadoop-2.8.3.tar.gz至當前目錄，完成後刪除壓縮包：
[root@node1 hadoop]# tar zxvf hadoop-2.8.3.tar.gz [root@node1 hadoop]# rm -f hadoop-2.8.3.tar.gz
添加Java環境信息
依次修改etc目錄下 hadoop-env.sh、mapred-env.sh、yarn-env.sh文件中的JDK路徑，將其分別指向/opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_65/，注意在編輯配置文件時，先把# export前的符號」#「去掉：
[root@node1 ~]# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/
[root@node1 hadoop]# vi hadoop-env.sh
[root@node1 hadoop]# vi mapred-env.sh
[root@node1 hadoop]# vi yarn-env.sh
配置core-site.xml
在三個節點上分別建立hadoop臨時目錄/opt/datas/tmp：
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/datas/tmp
[root@node2 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/datas/tmp
[root@node3 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/datas/tmp
在node1節點上修改core-site.xml配置信息：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
添加以下內容：
<configuration> <property> <!-- NameNode主機地址及端口號 --> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://node1:8020</value> </property> <!-- hadoop臨時目錄的地址 --> <property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>/home/hadoop/data/tmp</value> </property> </configuration>
配置hdfs-site.xml
在三個節點分別建立好存放NameNode數據的目錄/opt/datas/dfs/namenode，以及存入DataNode數據的目錄/opt/datas/dfs/datanode（以node1上的操做爲例，node2和node3上的操做相同）：
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/datas/dfs/namenode [root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/datas/dfs/datanode
編輯hdfs-site.xml文件，配置相關信息：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
<configuration> <!-- 指定建立的副本數 --> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>3</value> </property> <!-- 指定SecondaryNameNode的地址和端口號，將node2做爲SecondaryNameNode服務器 --> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name> <value>node2:50090</value> </property> <!-- NameNode 數據存放路徑 --> <property> <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name> <value>/opt/datas/dfs/namenode</value> </property> <!-- DataNode 數據存放路徑 --> <property> <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name> <value>/opt/datas/dfs/datanode</value> </property> </configuration>
配置slaves
slaves文件用於指定hdfs DataNode 工做節點，編輯slaves文件：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/slaves
將文件內容修改成：
配置yarn-site.xml
編輯yarn-site.xml文件：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
修改文件內容：
<configuration>
<!-- NodeManager上運行的附屬服務，需配置成mapreduce_shuffle，才能運行MapReduce程序 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定ResourceManager服務器-->
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
<value>node2</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置是否啓用日誌彙集功能 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<!-- 配置彙集的日誌在hdfs上最長保存時間 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds</name>
<value>106800</value>
</property>
</configuration>
配置mapred-site.xml
以mapred-site.xml.template爲模板，複製一個mapred-site.xml文件：
[root@node1 ~]# cp /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
編輯mapred-site.xml文件：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
<configuration> <!-- 設置mapreduce任務運行在yarn上 --> <property> <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name> <value>yarn</value> </property> <!-- 設置mapreduce歷史服務器地址及端口號 --> <property> <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name> <value>node1:10020</value> </property> <!-- 設置mapreduce歷史服務器的web頁面地址和端口號 --> <property> <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name> <value>node1:19888</value> </property> </configuration>
在profile文件中配置hadoop環境信息
編輯環境配置文件/etc/profile：
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/profile
#Hadoop Start
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3
export PATH=$PATH:${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin
#Hadoop End
讓環境配置信息生效：
[root@node1 ~]# source /etc/profile
分發內容至節點
在node2，node3節點上建立目錄/opt/jdk，/opt/hadoop：
[root@node2 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/jdk [root@node2 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/hadoop
分發jdk至node2，node3：
[root@node1 ~]# scp -r /opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_65/ node2:/opt/jdk [root@node1 ~]# scp -r /opt/jdk/jdk1.8.0_65/ node3:/opt/jdk
分發hadoop至node2，node3：
[root@node1 ~]# scp -r /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/ node2:/opt/hadoop [root@node1 ~]# scp -r /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/ node3:/opt/hadoop
分發profile至node2，node3：
[root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/profile node2:/etc/profile [root@node1 ~]# scp /etc/profile node3:/etc/profile
在node2，node3節點上執行命令使配置生效：
node2：
[root@node2 ~]# source /etc/profile
node3：
[root@node3 ~]# source /etc/profile
格式化NameNode
若是須要從新格式化NameNode，須要先將原來NameNode和DataNode下的文件所有刪，否則會報錯，由於每次格式化，默認是建立一個集羣ID，並寫入NameNode和DataNode的VERSION文件中（VERSION文件所在目錄爲dfs/namenode/current 和 dfs/datanode/current），從新格式化時，默認會生成一個新的集羣ID，若是不刪除原來的目錄，會致使NameNode中的VERSION文件中是新的集羣ID，而DataNode中是舊的集羣ID，從而不一致，致使報錯，另外一種方法是格式化時指定集羣ID參數，指定爲舊的集羣ID。
NameNode和DataNode所在目錄是在hdfs-site.xml中dfs.namenode.name.dir、dfs.datanode.data.dir所配置。
[root@node1 ~]# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/bin/ [root@node1 bin]# ./hdfs namenode -format
啓動集羣
啓動HDFS
[root@node1 ~]# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/sbin/
[root@node1 sbin]# ./start-dfs.sh Starting namenodes on [node1] node1: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-node1.out node3: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-node3.out node2: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-node2.out node1: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-node1.out Starting secondary namenodes [node2] node2: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-node2.out [root@node1 sbin]#
jps 命令查看進程啓動狀況，能看到node1節點啓動了 NameNode 和 DataNode進程。
[root@node1 sbin]# jps 1588 NameNode 1717 DataNode 1930 Jps
啓動YARN
在node2節點上執行命令：
[root@node2 ~]# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/sbin/ [root@node2 sbin]# ./start-yarn.sh starting yarn daemons starting resourcemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/yarn-root-resourcemanager-node2.out node3: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-node3.out node1: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-node1.out node2: starting nodemanager, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-node2.out [root@node2 sbin]#
jps 命令查看進程啓動狀況，能看到node2節點啓動了ResourceManager進程：
[root@node2 sbin]# jps 2629 NodeManager 2937 Jps 1434 DataNode 1531 SecondaryNameNode 2525 ResourceManager [root@node2 sbin]#
注意，若是不在ResourceManager主機上運行 $HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-yarn.sh 命令的話，ResourceManager 進程將不會啓動，須要到 ResourceManager 主機上執行./yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager 命令來啓動ResourceManager進程。
啓動日誌服務器
在node1節點上啓動MapReduce日誌服務：
[root@node1 sbin]# ./mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver starting historyserver, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/logs/mapred-root-historyserver-node1.out [root@node1 sbin]#
jps 命令查看進程啓動狀況，能看到node1節點啓動了JobHistoryServer進程：
[root@node1 sbin]# jps 1588 NameNode 1717 DataNode 2502 Jps 2462 JobHistoryServer 2303 NodeManager [root@node1 sbin]#
查看HDFS Web頁面
地址爲 NameNode 進程運行主機ip，端口爲50070（網址：http://192.168.100.11:50070）：
查看YARN Web頁面
地址爲node2主機ip，端口號爲：8088（網址：http://192.168.100.12:8088）
查看JobHistory Web 頁面
地址爲node1主機ip，端口號爲：19888（網址：http://192.168.100.11:19888/jobhistory）
測試案例（使用分詞工具統計樣本詞頻）
在node1節點上準備樣本文件
[root@node1 ~]# vi example.txt
在example.txt文件中添加以下內容：
hadoop mapreduce hive hbase spark storm sqoop hadoop hive spark hadoop
在hdfs中建立輸入目錄/datas/input
[root@node1 ~]# hadoop fs -mkdir -p /datas/input
將樣本文件example.txt上傳至hdfs目錄中
[root@node1 ~]# hadoop fs -put ~/example.txt /datas/input
運行hadoop自帶的mapreduce Demo程序
[root@node1 ~]# hadoop jar /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.8.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.8.3.jar wordcount /datas/input/example.txt /datas/output
查看輸出文件
[root@node1 ~]# hadoop fs -cat /datas/output/part-r-00000 hadoop 3 hbase 1 hive 2 mapreduce 1 spark 2 sqoop 1 storm 1 [root@node1 ~]#
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