BeautifulSoup 使用select方法詳解(經過標籤名,類名, id,組合,屬性查找)

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

blslib="html5lib"
user_agent="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36"
headers={"user-agent":user_agent}
def demo1(url):
r=requests.get(url,headers=headers)
print(r.encoding)
data =r.text.encode(r.encoding).decode('gbk')
s =BeautifulSoup(data,blslib)
row=s.select('#newAlexa > table > tbody > tr') //定位到id=#newAlexa下面的table > tbody > tr #定位之間要空格
    print(row)


if __name__ =="__main__":
url="http://www.ip138.com/post/"
demo1(url)

 

複製代碼
 1 html = """
 2 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
 3 <body>
 4 <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
 5 <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
 6 <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
 7 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
 8 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
 9 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
10 <p class="story">...</p>
11 """
複製代碼

 

咱們在寫 CSS 時,標籤名不加任何修飾,類名前加點,id名前加 #,在這裏咱們也能夠利用相似的方法來篩選元素,用到的方法是 soup.select(),返回類型是 list
(1)經過標籤名查找
 html

print soup.select('title') 
#[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>]
 
print soup.select('a')
#[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>]
 
print soup.select('b')
#[<b>The Dormouse's story</b>]

(2)經過類名查找
 html5

print soup.select('.sister')
#[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>]

(3)經過 id 名查找
 post

print soup.select('#link1')
#[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]

(4)組合查找url

組合查找即和寫 class 文件時,標籤名與類名、id名進行的組合原理是同樣的,例如查找 p 標籤中,id 等於 link1的內容,兩者須要用空格分開
 spa

print soup.select('p #link1')
#[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]

直接子標籤查找
 code

print soup.select("head > title")
#[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>]

(5)屬性查找orm

查找時還能夠加入屬性元素,屬性須要用中括號括起來,注意屬性和標籤屬於同一節點,因此中間不能加空格,不然會沒法匹配到。
 htm

print soup.select("head > title")
#[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>]
 
print soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]')
#[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]

一樣,屬性仍然能夠與上述查找方式組合,不在同一節點的空格隔開,同一節點的不加空格
 blog

print soup.select('p a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]')
#[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]
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