1 html = """ 2 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 3 <body> 4 <p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p> 5 <p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were 6 <a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, 7 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and 8 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; 9 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p> 10 <p class="story">...</p> 11 """
咱們在寫 CSS 時,標籤名不加任何修飾,類名前加點,id名前加 #,在這裏咱們也能夠利用相似的方法來篩選元素,用到的方法是 soup.select(),返回類型是 list
(1)經過標籤名查找
html
print soup.select('title') #[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>] print soup.select('a') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>] print soup.select('b') #[<b>The Dormouse's story</b>]
(2)經過類名查找
spa
print soup.select('.sister') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>, <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>]
(3)經過 id 名查找
code
print soup.select('#link1') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]
(4)組合查找orm
組合查找即和寫 class 文件時,標籤名與類名、id名進行的組合原理是同樣的,例如查找 p 標籤中,id 等於 link1的內容,兩者須要用空格分開
htm
print soup.select('p #link1') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]
直接子標籤查找
blog
print soup.select("head > title") #[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>]
(5)屬性查找three
查找時還能夠加入屬性元素,屬性須要用中括號括起來,注意屬性和標籤屬於同一節點,因此中間不能加空格,不然會沒法匹配到。
ci
print soup.select("head > title") #[<title>The Dormouse's story</title>] print soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]
一樣,屬性仍然能夠與上述查找方式組合,不在同一節點的空格隔開,同一節點的不加空格
it
print soup.select('p a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') #[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>]