docker 部署prometheus + grafana

時間 2021-04-25

標籤 html node linux web docker vim centos api 服務器 curl 欄目 Docker 简体版

原文原文鏈接

經過docker部署prometheus、node-exporter、alertmanager和grafana。prometheus最新版本：2.19.2html

主機說明：

系統	ip	角色	cpu	內存	hostname
CentOS 7.8	192.168.30.135	prometheus、node1	>=2	>=2G	prometheus
CentOS 7.8	192.168.30.136	altermanager、node2	>=2	>=2G	altermanager
CentOS 7.8	192.168.30.137	grafana、node3	>=2	>=2G	grafana

所有關閉防火牆和selinux：

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalldsed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config  && setenforce 0

安裝docker：

curl http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker.repo

yum makecache fast

yum install -y docker-ce

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

node-exporter：

docker pull prom/node-exporter:latest

docker run -d -p 9100:9100 --name node-exporter prom/node-exporter:latest

docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
95252704e558        prom/node-exporter:latest   "/bin/node_exporter"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp   node-exporternetstat -lntp |grep docker

tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      9076/docker-proxy

alertmanager：

mkdir /home/prom && cd /home/prom

docker pull prom/alertmanager:latest

docker pull timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk               #釘釘告警vim config.yml

targets:
  webhook:
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxxxxxx             #修改成釘釘機器人的webhook
    mention:
      all: true

vim alertmanager.yml

global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:465'             #郵箱smtp服務器代理，啓用SSL發信, 端口通常是465
  smtp_from: 'alert@163.com'              #發送郵箱名稱
  smtp_auth_username: 'alert@163.com'              #郵箱名稱
  smtp_auth_password: 'password'                #郵箱密碼或受權碼
  smtp_require_tls: falseroute:
  receiver: 'default'
  group_wait: 10s  group_interval: 1m  repeat_interval: 1h  group_by: ['alertname']inhibit_rules:- source_match:
    severity: 'critical'
  target_match:
    severity: 'warning'
  equal: ['alertname', 'instance']
  receivers:- name: 'default'
  email_configs:
  - to: 'receiver@163.com'
    send_resolved: true
  webhook_configs:
  - url: 'http://192.168.30.136:8060/dingtalk/webhook/send'
    send_resolved: true

docker run -d -p 8060:8060 -v /home/prom/config.yml:/etc/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml --name alertdingtalk timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

docker run -d -p 9093:9093 -p 9094:9094 -v /home/prom/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --name alertmanager prom/alertmanager:latest

docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
bed08b1b251d        prom/alertmanager:latest                "/bin/alertmanager -…"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9093-9094->9093-9094/tcp   alertmanager
1449d7d0a445        timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk   "/bin/prometheus-web…"   21 seconds ago      Up 20 seconds       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp             alertdingtalk
cf90ea931188        prom/node-exporter:latest               "/bin/node_exporter"     23 minutes ago      Up 23 minutes       0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp             node-exporternetstat -lntp |grep docker

tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      14970/docker-proxy  
tcp6       0      0 :::8060                 :::*                    LISTEN      17666/docker-proxy  
tcp6       0      0 :::9093                 :::*                    LISTEN      17808/docker-proxy  
tcp6       0      0 :::9094                 :::*                    LISTEN      17794/docker-proxy

prometheus：

mkdir -p /home/prom/data && chmod 777 /home/prom/data && cd /home/prom

docker pull prom/prometheus:latest

vim alert-rules.yml

groups:
  - name: node-alert    rules:
    - alert: NodeDown      expr: up{job="node"} == 0      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: critical        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} down"        description: "Instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 已經宕機 5分鐘"        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeCpuHigh      expr: (1 - avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode="idle"}[5m]))) * 100 > 80      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu使用率太高"        description: "CPU 使用率超過 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeCpuIowaitHigh      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode="iowait"}[5m])) * 100 > 50      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} cpu iowait 使用率太高"        description: "CPU iowait 使用率超過 50%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeLoad5High      expr: node_load5 > (count by (instance) (node_cpu_seconds_total{job="node",mode='system'})) * 1.2      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} load(5m) 太高"        description: "Load(5m) 太高，超出cpu核數 1.2倍"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeMemoryHigh      expr: (1 - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node"}) * 100 > 90      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} memory 使用率太高"        description: "Memory 使用率超過 90%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskRootHigh      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/"}) * 100 > 90      for: 10m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/ 分區) 使用率太高"        description: "Disk(/ 分區) 使用率超過 90%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskBootHigh      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{job="node",fstype=~"ext.*|xfs",mountpoint ="/boot"}) * 100 > 80      for: 10m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/boot 分區) 使用率太高"        description: "Disk(/boot 分區) 使用率超過 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskReadHigh      expr: irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk 讀取字節數 速率太高"        description: "Disk 讀取字節數 速率超過 20 MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskWriteHigh      expr: irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2)      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk 寫入字節數 速率太高"        description: "Disk 寫入字節數 速率超過 20 MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeDiskReadRateCountHigh      expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 3000      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk iops 每秒讀取速率太高"        description: "Disk iops 每秒讀取速率超過 3000 iops"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeDiskWriteRateCountHigh      expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{job="node"}[5m]) > 3000      for: 5m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk iops 每秒寫入速率太高"        description: "Disk iops 每秒寫入速率超過 3000 iops"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeInodeRootUsedPercentHigh      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/"}) * 100 > 80      for: 10m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/ 分區) inode 使用率太高"        description: "Disk (/ 分區) inode 使用率超過 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeInodeBootUsedPercentHigh      expr: (1 - node_filesystem_files_free{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/boot"} / node_filesystem_files{job="node",fstype=~"ext4|xfs",mountpoint="/boot"}) * 100 > 80      for: 10m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} disk(/boot 分區) inode 使用率太高"        description: "Disk (/boot 分區) inode 使用率超過 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeFilefdAllocatedPercentHigh      expr: node_filefd_allocated{job="node"} / node_filefd_maximum{job="node"} * 100 > 80      for: 10m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} filefd 打開百分比太高"        description: "Filefd 打開百分比 超過 80%"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeNetworkNetinBitRateHigh      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8      for: 3m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} network 接收比特數 速率太高"        description: "Network 接收比特數 速率超過 20MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeNetworkNetoutBitRateHigh      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]) * 8) > 20 * (1024 ^ 2) * 8      for: 3m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} network 發送比特數 速率太高"        description: "Network 發送比特數 速率超過 20MB/s"
        value: "{{ $value }}"
        
    - alert: NodeNetworkNetinPacketErrorRateHigh      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_errs_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m])) > 15      for: 3m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 接收錯誤包 速率太高"        description: "Network 接收錯誤包 速率超過 15個/秒"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeNetworkNetoutPacketErrorRateHigh      expr: avg by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_packets_total{device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m])) > 15      for: 3m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 發送錯誤包 速率太高"        description: "Network 發送錯誤包 速率超過 15個/秒"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeProcessBlockedHigh      expr: node_procs_blocked{job="node"} > 10      for: 10m      labels:
        severity: warning        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 當前被阻塞的任務的數量過多"        description: "Process 當前被阻塞的任務的數量超過 10個"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

    - alert: NodeTimeOffsetHigh      expr: abs(node_timex_offset_seconds{job="node"}) > 3 * 60      for: 2m      labels:
        severity: info        instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
      annotations:
        summary: "instance: {{ $labels.instance }} 時間誤差過大"        description: "Time 節點的時間誤差超過 3m"
        value: "{{ $value }}"

vim prometheus.yml

global:
  scrape_interval:     15s  evaluation_interval: 15salerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 192.168.30.136:9093rule_files:
  - "*rules.yml"
  scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.30.135:9090']

  - job_name: 'node'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.30.135:9100','192.168.30.136:9100','192.168.30.137:9100']

  - job_name: 'alertmanager'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.30.136:9093']

docker run -d -p 9090:9090 \
  -v /home/prom/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  -v /home/prom/alert-rules.yml:/etc/prometheus/alert-rules.yml \
  -v /home/prom/data:/prometheus --name prometheus prom/prometheus:latest

docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
0a15519b970c        prom/prometheus:latest      "/bin/prometheus --c…"   3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp   prometheus
95252704e558        prom/node-exporter:latest   "/bin/node_exporter"     16 hours ago        Up 16 hours         0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp   node-exporternetstat -lntp |grep docker

tcp6       0      0 :::9090                 :::*                    LISTEN      9701/docker-proxy   
tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      9076/docker-proxy

訪問ip:9090，node

容器部署完成，且規則配置完畢。接下來部署grafana，圖形化展現。linux

grafana：

mkdir -p /home/prom/grafana && chmod 777 /home/prom/grafana

docker pull grafana/grafana:latest

docker run -d -p 3000:3000 -v /home/prom/grafana:/var/lib/grafana --name=grafana grafana/grafana:latest

docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
17d5c5d415b5        grafana/grafana:latest      "/run.sh"              4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp   grafana
bd53df9eb9fa        prom/node-exporter:latest   "/bin/node_exporter"   16 hours ago        Up 16 hours         0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp   node-exporternetstat -lntp |grep docker

tcp6       0      0 :::9100                 :::*                    LISTEN      6558/docker-proxy   
tcp6       0      0 :::3000                 :::*                    LISTEN      13123/docker-proxy

grafana容器配置文件：/etc/grafana/grafana.ini。web

訪問ip:3000，初始帳號密碼爲admin/admin，會要求更改密碼。docker

選擇數據源Prometheus——http://ip:9090，導入模板8919，vim

測試告警：

選擇alertmanager節點（192.168.30.136），關閉node-exporter容器。centos

docker stop node-exporter

docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
bed08b1b251d        prom/alertmanager:latest                "/bin/alertmanager -…"   38 minutes ago      Up 38 minutes       0.0.0.0:9093-9094->9093-9094/tcp   alertmanager
1449d7d0a445        timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk   "/bin/prometheus-web…"   38 minutes ago      Up 38 minutes       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp             alertdingtalk

收到釘釘和郵件故障告警，api

docker start node-exporter

docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                   COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                              NAMES
bed08b1b251d        prom/alertmanager:latest                "/bin/alertmanager -…"   47 minutes ago      Up 47 minutes       0.0.0.0:9093-9094->9093-9094/tcp   alertmanager
1449d7d0a445        timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk   "/bin/prometheus-web…"   47 minutes ago      Up 47 minutes       0.0.0.0:8060->8060/tcp             alertdingtalk
cf90ea931188        prom/node-exporter:latest               "/bin/node_exporter"     About an hour ago   Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:9100->9100/tcp             node-exporter

收到釘釘和郵件恢復告警，服務器

測試宕機完成，告警沒有問題。curl

docker部署 prometheus + grafana 完成，整個部署過程相比傳統部署方式要簡便不少。