WPF自定義控件與樣式(9)-樹控件TreeView與菜單Menu-ContextMenu

一．前言

　　申明：WPF自定義控件與樣式是一個系列文章，先後是有些關聯的，但大可能是按照由簡到繁的順序逐步發佈的等，如有不明白的地方能夠參考本系列前面的文章，文末附有部分文章連接。

　　本文主要內容：

• 菜單Menu的自定義樣式；
• 右鍵菜單ContextMenu的自定義樣式；
• 樹控件TreeView的自定義樣式，及右鍵菜單實現。

二．菜單Menu的自定義樣式

　　自定義菜單樣式的效果圖：

　　Menu和ContextMenu樣式自己很簡單，他們最主要的部分就是MenuItem，MenuItem中包含的內容比較多，如圖標、選中狀態、二級菜單、二級菜單的指針、快捷鍵等。 使用了字體圖標定義菜單項MenuItem樣式代碼：  

    <!--菜單項MenuItem樣式FIconMenuItem-->
    <Style x:Key="FIconMenuItem" TargetType="{x:Type MenuItem}">
        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource MenuBorderBrush}"/>
        <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1"/>
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource MenuBackground}"/>
        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuForeground}"/>
        <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="{StaticResource FontSize}"/>
        <Setter Property="Height" Value="28"/>
        <Setter Property="Width" Value="Auto"/>
        <Setter Property="Margin" Value="1"/>
        <Setter Property="local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize" Value="22"/>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type MenuItem}">
                    <!--Item-->
                    <Border  x:Name="border" Background="Transparent" Height="{TemplateBinding Height}" Opacity="1">
                        <Grid  VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="{TemplateBinding Margin}">
                            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                <ColumnDefinition x:Name="icon_col" MaxWidth="35" SharedSizeGroup="MenuItemIconColumnGroup"/>
                                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" SharedSizeGroup="MenuTextColumnGroup"/>
                                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" SharedSizeGroup="MenuItemIGTColumnGroup"/>
                                <ColumnDefinition Width="16" x:Name="arrow_col" SharedSizeGroup="MenumItemArrow"/>
                            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                            <!--icon-->
                            <TextBlock x:Name="PART_Icon" Text="{TemplateBinding Icon}" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" Margin="5,1,1,1"
                                       FontSize="{TemplateBinding local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize}" Style="{StaticResource FIcon}"/>
                            <!--Header-->
                            <ContentPresenter Grid.Column="1" x:Name="txtHeader" Margin="3,1,5,1" MinWidth="90"
                                          RecognizesAccessKey="True" VerticalAlignment="Center" ContentSource="Header"/>
                            <!--快捷鍵 InputGestureText 暫不支持你了 -->
                            <TextBlock Grid.Column="2" Margin="3,1,3,1" x:Name="IGTHost" Text="{TemplateBinding InputGestureText}" 
                                       FontSize="{TemplateBinding FontSize}"
                                       VerticalAlignment="Center" Visibility="Visible" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" />
                            <!--右指針-->
                            <TextBlock x:Name="PART_Arrow" Grid.Column="3" Text="&#xe605;" Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" 
                                       FontSize="14" Style="{StaticResource FIcon}"/>
                            <!--淡出子集菜單容器-->
                            <Popup x:Name="SubMenuPopup" AllowsTransparency="true" IsOpen="{Binding IsSubmenuOpen, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}" 
                                        Placement="Bottom"  Focusable="false" VerticalOffset="0"
                                   PopupAnimation="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.MenuPopupAnimationKey}}">
                                <Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"  CornerRadius="0" Margin="5" Effect="{StaticResource DefaultDropShadow}"
                                                BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
                                    <Grid x:Name="SubMenu" Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True">
                                        <StackPanel Margin="0" IsItemsHost="True" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Cycle"/>
                                    </Grid>
                                </Border>
                            </Popup>
                        </Grid>
                    </Border>
                    <!--觸發器-->
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <!--TopLevelHeader:第一級菜單（有子菜單）-->
                        <Trigger Property="Role" Value="TopLevelHeader">
                            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
                            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="IGTHost"/>
                            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5,1,1,1" TargetName="PART_Icon"/>
                            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="1,1,6,1" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
                            <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="10" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
                            <Setter Property="Width" Value="0" TargetName="arrow_col"/>
                        </Trigger>
                        <!--TopLevelItem 第一級菜單（無子級）-->
                        <Trigger Property="Role" Value="TopLevelItem">
                            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
                            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="IGTHost"/>
                            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5,1,1,1" TargetName="PART_Icon"/>
                            <Setter Property="Margin" Value="1,1,6,1" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
                            <Setter Property="MinWidth" Value="10" TargetName="txtHeader"/>
                            <Setter Property="Width" Value="0" TargetName="arrow_col"/>
                        </Trigger>
                        <!--SubmenuHeader:子菜單，有子菜單-->
                        <Trigger Property="Role" Value="SubmenuHeader">
                            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Visible" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
                            <Setter Property="Placement" Value="Right" TargetName="SubMenuPopup"/>
                        </Trigger>
                        <!--SubMenuItem:子菜單，無子級-->
                        <Trigger Property="Role" Value="SubMenuItem">
                            <Setter Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" TargetName="PART_Arrow"/>
                        </Trigger>
                        <!--選中狀態，優先級將高於Icon-->
                        <Trigger Property="IsChecked" Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="PART_Icon" Value="&#xe62a;" Property="Text"></Setter>
                            <Setter TargetName="PART_Icon" Value="18" Property="FontSize"></Setter>
                            <Setter TargetName="PART_Icon" Value="{StaticResource CheckedForeground}" Property="Foreground"></Setter>
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="False">
                            <Setter TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource DisableOpacity}" Property="Opacity"></Setter>
                        </Trigger>
                        <!--高亮狀態-->
                        <Trigger Property="IsHighlighted" Value="true">
                            <Setter Property="Background" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource MenuMouseOverBackground}"></Setter>
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuMouseOverForeground}"></Setter>
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="true">
                            <Setter Property="Background" TargetName="border" Value="{StaticResource MenuPressedBackground}"></Setter>
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuPressedForeground}"></Setter>
                        </Trigger>
                        <!--子菜單打開狀態-->
                        <Trigger Property="IsSubmenuOpen" Value="true" >
                            <Setter TargetName="PART_Arrow" Value="{StaticResource CheckedForeground}" Property="Foreground"></Setter>
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

    <!--基於FIconMenuItem的默認樣式，提供Header模板-->
    <Style x:Key="DefaultMenuItem" TargetType="{x:Type MenuItem}" BasedOn="{StaticResource FIconMenuItem}">
        <Setter Property="HeaderTemplate">
            <Setter.Value>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <TextBlock x:Name="txtHeader" FontSize="{Binding FontSize,RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type MenuItem},Mode=FindAncestor}}"
                               HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Margin="3,1,5,1"
                               Text="{Binding Header,RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type MenuItem},Mode=FindAncestor}}" VerticalAlignment="Center"
                               Foreground="{Binding Foreground,RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType={x:Type MenuItem},Mode=FindAncestor}}"/>
                </DataTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

View Code

Menu樣式：  

    <!--默認Menu樣式-->
    <Style x:Key="DefaultMenu" TargetType="{x:Type Menu}">
        <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="RenderOptions.ClearTypeHint" Value="Enabled" />
        <Setter Property="TextOptions.TextFormattingMode" Value="Ideal" />
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
        <Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{StaticResource DefaultMenuItem}"/>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Menu}">
                    <Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
                            Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                            SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
                        <ItemsPresenter Margin="0" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                    </Border>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

示例代碼：  

                <MenuItem Header="幫助(H)"  InputGestureText="Ctrl+H" Icon="&#xe643;" >
                    <MenuItem Header="設置" Icon="&#xE633;"/>
                    <MenuItem Icon="&#xE639;" Header="插件管理" />
                    <MenuItem Icon="&#xe655;"  Header="用戶管理" />
                    <MenuItem Icon="&#xe64a;" Header="修改密碼" />
                    <MenuItem Icon="" Header="在線更新" />
                    <Separator Style="{StaticResource HorizontalSeparatorStyle}"/>
                    <MenuItem Icon="&#xe657;" Header="問題反饋" />
                    <MenuItem Icon="&#xe61e;" Header="技術支持" />
                    <MenuItem Icon="&#xe60e;" Header="幫助" />
                    <MenuItem Icon="&#xe635;" Header="關於" />
                </MenuItem>

 

三．右鍵菜單ContextMenu的自定義樣式

有了第二節的MenuItem樣式，ContextMenu的樣式很簡單：  

   <!--默認右鍵菜單ContextMenu樣式-->
    <Style x:Key="DefaultContextMenu" TargetType="{x:Type ContextMenu}">
        <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="RenderOptions.ClearTypeHint" Value="Enabled" />
        <Setter Property="TextOptions.TextFormattingMode" Value="Ideal" />
        <Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource MenuBorderBrush}"/>
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource MenuBackground}"/>
        <Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="1" />
        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource MenuForeground}"/>
        <Setter Property="OverridesDefaultStyle" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="Grid.IsSharedSizeScope" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="HasDropShadow" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{StaticResource DefaultMenuItem}"/>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ContextMenu}">
                    <Grid>
                        <Border x:Name="Border" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" Margin="5"
                                BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                                Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
                            <ItemsPresenter x:Name="ItemsPresenter" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Cycle"
                                                Grid.IsSharedSizeScope="True" Margin="0" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
                                                KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Cycle" />
                        </Border>
                    </Grid>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="HasDropShadow" Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Effect" Value="{StaticResource DefaultDropShadow}">
                            </Setter>
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

實現一個文本操做（剪切、複製、粘貼）的樣式：  

    <!--文本操做右鍵菜單-->
    <ContextMenu x:Key="TextBoxContextMenu" Style="{StaticResource DefaultContextMenu}">
        <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Cut" Icon="&#xe662;" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
        <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Copy" Icon="&#xe661;" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
        <MenuItem Command="ApplicationCommands.Paste" Icon="&#xe663;" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
    </ContextMenu>

效果圖：

 

四．樹控件TreeView的自定義樣式

4.1TreeView基本樣式

TreeView的樣式比較簡單，相比ListBox，主要多了層級關係，節點的展開、收縮。效果圖：

樣式定義中默認是開啓虛擬化，以支持大數據，數據很少時最好關閉。樣式代碼：

    <!--TreeViewItem默認樣式-->
    <Style  x:Key="DefaultTreeViewItem" TargetType="{x:Type TreeViewItem}">
        <Setter Property="MinHeight" Value="25" />
        <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TextForeground}" />
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
        <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="Margin" Value="0" />
        <Setter Property="local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize" Value="19"/>
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type TreeViewItem}">
                    <StackPanel>
                        <Border x:Name="Bd" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                                BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                                MinHeight="{TemplateBinding MinHeight}" UseLayoutRounding="True" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}">
                            <!--多層級間隔，暫緩-->
                            <!--<Grid Margin="{Binding Converter={StaticResource LengthConverter}, RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.TemplatedParent}}"-->
                            <Grid Margin="{TemplateBinding Margin}" VerticalAlignment="Stretch">
                                <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                    <ColumnDefinition MinWidth="18" Width="Auto" />
                                    <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                                </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                <!--展開收縮按鈕-->
                                <ToggleButton x:Name="ExpanderBtn" 
                                              IsChecked="{Binding Path=IsExpanded, RelativeSource={x:Static RelativeSource.TemplatedParent}, Mode=TwoWay}"
                                              ClickMode="Press" >
                                    <ToggleButton.Template>
                                        <ControlTemplate TargetType="ToggleButton">
                                            <Border>
                                                <ContentPresenter VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                                            </Border>
                                        </ControlTemplate>
                                    </ToggleButton.Template>
                                    <ToggleButton.Content>
                                        <TextBlock x:Name="ExpanderIcon"  Foreground="{TemplateBinding Foreground}" Text="&#xe62c;" Style="{StaticResource FIcon}"
                                                   FontSize="{TemplateBinding local:ControlAttachProperty.FIconSize}" />
                                    </ToggleButton.Content>
                                </ToggleButton>
                                <!--內容-->
                                <ContentPresenter x:Name="PART_Header" Grid.Column="1" ContentSource="Header"
                                                  SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
                                                  HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                                                  VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}" />
                            </Grid>
                        </Border>
                        <ItemsPresenter Margin="18,0,0,0" x:Name="ItemsHost" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" />
                    </StackPanel>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsExpanded" Value="False">
                            <Setter TargetName="ItemsHost" Property="Visibility" Value="Collapsed" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsExpanded" Value="True">
                            <Setter TargetName="ExpanderIcon" Property="Text" Value="&#xe62d;" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="HasItems" Value="False">
                            <Setter TargetName="ExpanderIcon" Property="Visibility" Value="Hidden" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
                            <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverBackground}" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemMouseOverForeground}" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="True">
                            <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedBackground}" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedForeground}" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <MultiTrigger>
                            <MultiTrigger.Conditions>
                                <Condition Property="IsSelected" Value="True" />
                                <Condition Property="Selector.IsSelectionActive" Value="True" />
                            </MultiTrigger.Conditions>
                            <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedBackground}" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource ItemSelectedForeground}" />
                        </MultiTrigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

    <!--TreeView樣式-->
    <Style x:Key="DefaultTreeView" TargetType="{x:Type TreeView}">
        <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="True" />
        <Setter Property="VirtualizingStackPanel.IsVirtualizing" Value="True"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="VirtualizingStackPanel.VirtualizationMode" Value="Recycling" />
        <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.IsDeferredScrollingEnabled" Value="False" />
        <Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource ItemsContentBackground}"/>
        <Setter Property="ItemContainerStyle" Value="{StaticResource DefaultTreeViewItem}"></Setter>
        <Setter Property="ItemsPanel">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ItemsPanelTemplate>
                    <VirtualizingStackPanel IsItemsHost="True" IsVirtualizing="True" VirtualizationMode="Recycling" Margin="0"/>
                </ItemsPanelTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

View Code

4.2 TreeView的右鍵菜單實現

　　TreeView支持右鍵操做應該是比較常見的需求，實現很簡單，效果演示：

示例代碼：  

        <HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="ItemNode"  DataType="{x:Type local:NodeX}" ItemsSource="{Binding Nodes}">
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Height="28">
                <core:FImage Source="{Binding Icon}" Width="22" Height="22"></core:FImage>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="13" VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="3,0,0,0"></TextBlock>
            </StackPanel>
        </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
            
<TreeView Width="250"  Margin="3" x:Name="tree1" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ItemNode}">
                <TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
                    <Style BasedOn="{StaticResource DefaultTreeViewItem}" TargetType="{x:Type TreeViewItem}">
                        <EventSetter Event="TreeViewItem.PreviewMouseRightButtonDown" Handler="TreeViewItem_PreviewMouseRightButtonDown"/>
                    </Style>
                </TreeView.ItemContainerStyle>
                <TreeView.ContextMenu>
                    <ContextMenu>
                        <MenuItem  Icon="&#xe662;" Header="展開" Click="MenuItem_OnClick"  Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
                        <MenuItem  Icon="&#xe661;" Header="剪切" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
                        <MenuItem  Icon="&#xe663;" Header="賦值" Style="{DynamicResource DefaultMenuItem}" />
                    </ContextMenu>
                </TreeView.ContextMenu>
            </TreeView>

後臺C#代碼：  

       private void TreeViewItem_PreviewMouseRightButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
        {
            var treeViewItem = VisualUpwardSearch<TreeViewItem>(e.OriginalSource as DependencyObject) as TreeViewItem;
            if (treeViewItem != null)
            {
                treeViewItem.Focus();
                e.Handled = true;
            }
        }

        static DependencyObject VisualUpwardSearch<T>(DependencyObject source)
        {
            while (source != null && source.GetType() != typeof(T))
                source = VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(source);

            return source;
        }

        private void MenuItem_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            var item = this.tree1.SelectedItem as NodeX;
            if (item != null)
            {
                MessageBoxX.Info(item.Name.ToString());
            }
        }

 

附錄：參考引用

WPF自定義控件與樣式(1)-矢量字體圖標(iconfont)

WPF自定義控件與樣式(2)-自定義按鈕FButton

WPF自定義控件與樣式(3)-TextBox & RichTextBox & PasswordBox樣式、水印、Label標籤、功能擴展

WPF自定義控件與樣式(4)-CheckBox/RadioButton自定義樣式

WPF自定義控件與樣式(5)-Calendar/DatePicker日期控件自定義樣式及擴展

WPF自定義控件與樣式(6)-ScrollViewer與ListBox自定義樣式

WPF自定義控件與樣式(7)-列表控件DataGrid與ListView自定義樣式

WPF自定義控件與樣式(8)-ComboBox與自定義多選控件MultComboBox

  

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