Python著名的lib和開發框架（均爲轉載）

時間  2019-11-10
標籤 python 著名 lib 開發 框架 均爲 轉載 欄目 Python 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

第一，https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python

Awesome Python 

A curated list of awesome Python frameworks, libraries, software and resources.javascript

Inspired by awesome-php.php

Admin Panels

Libraries for administrative interfaces.css

  • Ajenti - The admin panel your servers deserve.
  • django-suit - Alternative Django Admin-Interface (free only for Non-commercial use).
  • django-xadmin - Drop-in replacement of Django admin comes with lots of goodies.
  • flask-admin - Simple and extensible administrative interface framework for Flask.
  • flower - Real-time monitor and web admin for Celery.
  • Grappelli - A jazzy skin for the Django Admin-Interface.
  • Wooey - A Django app which creates automatic web UIs for Python scripts.

Algorithms and Design Patterns

Python implementation of algorithms and design patterns.html

  • algorithms - A module of algorithms for Python.
  • PyPattyrn - A simple yet effective library for implementing common design patterns.
  • python-patterns - A collection of design patterns in Python.
  • sortedcontainers - Fast, pure-Python implementation of SortedList, SortedDict, and SortedSet types.

Anti-spam

Libraries for fighting spam.html5

Asset Management

Tools for managing, compressing and minifying website assets.java

  • django-compressor - Compresses linked and inline JavaScript or CSS into a single cached file.
  • django-pipeline - An asset packaging library for Django.
  • django-storages - A collection of custom storage back ends for Django.
  • fanstatic - Packages, optimizes, and serves static file dependencies as Python packages.
  • fileconveyor - A daemon to detect and sync files to CDNs, S3 and FTP.
  • flask-assets - Helps you integrate webassets into your Flask app.
  • jinja-assets-compressor - A Jinja extension to compile and compress your assets.
  • webassets - Bundles, optimizes, and manages unique cache-busting URLs for static resources.

Audio

Libraries for manipulating audio.python

  • audiolazy - Expressive Digital Signal Processing (DSP) package for Python.
  • audioread - Cross-library (GStreamer + Core Audio + MAD + FFmpeg) audio decoding.
  • beets - A music library manager and MusicBrainz tagger.
  • dejavu - Audio fingerprinting and recognition.
  • django-elastic-transcoder - Django + Amazon Elastic Transcoder.
  • eyeD3 - A tool for working with audio files, specifically MP3 files containing ID3 metadata.
  • id3reader - A Python module for reading MP3 meta data.
  • m3u8 - A module for parsing m3u8 file.
  • mingus - An advanced music theory and notation package with MIDI file and playback support.
  • mutagen - A Python module to handle audio metadata.
  • pydub - Manipulate audio with a simple and easy high level interface.
  • pyechonest - Python client for the Echo Nest API.
  • talkbox - A Python library for speech/signal processing.
  • TimeSide - Open web audio processing framework.
  • tinytag - A library for reading music meta data of MP3, OGG, FLAC and Wave files.

Authentication

Libraries for implementing authentications schemes.mysql

  • OAuth
    • Authomatic - Simple but powerful framework agnostic authentication/authorization client.
    • django-allauth - Authentication app for Django that "just works."
    • django-oauth-toolkit - OAuth 2 goodies for Django.
    • Flask-OAuthlib - OAuth 1.0/a, 2.0 implementation of client and provider for Flask.
    • OAuthLib - A generic and thorough implementation of the OAuth request-signing logic.
    • python-oauth2 - A fully tested, abstract interface to creating OAuth clients and servers.
    • python-social-auth - An easy-to-setup social authentication mechanism.
    • rauth - A Python library for OAuth 1.0/a, 2.0, and Ofly.
    • sanction - A dead simple OAuth2 client implementation.
  • Others
    • jose - JavaScript Object Signing and Encryption draft implementation.
    • PyJWT - Implementation of the JSON Web Token draft 01.
    • python-jws - Implementation of JSON Web Signatures draft 02.
    • python-jwt - Module for generating and verifying JSON Web Tokens.

Build Tools

Compile software from source code.linux

  • BitBake - A make-like build tool for embedded Linux.
  • buildout - A build system for creating, assembling and deploying applications from multiple parts.
  • PlatformIO - A console tool to build code with different development platforms.
  • PyBuilder - A continuous build tool written in pure Python.
  • SCons - A software construction tool.

CMS

Content Management Systems.ios

  • django-cms - An Open source enterprise CMS based on the Django.
  • djedi-cms - A lightweight but yet powerful Django CMS with plugins, inline editing and performance in mind.
  • FeinCMS - One of the most advanced Content Management Systems built on Django.
  • Kotti - A high-level, Pythonic web application framework built on Pyramid.
  • Mezzanine - A powerful, consistent, and flexible content management platform.
  • Opps - A Django-based CMS for magazines, newspapers websites and portals with high-traffic.
  • Plone - A CMS built on top of the open source application server Zope.
  • Quokka - Flexible, extensible, small CMS powered by Flask and MongoDB.
  • Wagtail - A Django content management system.
  • Widgy - Last CMS framework, based on Django.

Caching

Libraries for caching data.

  • Beaker - A library for caching and sessions for use with web applications and stand-alone Python scripts and applications.
  • DiskCache - SQLite and file backed cache backend with faster lookups than memcached and redis.
  • django-cache-machine - Automatic caching and invalidation for Django models.
  • django-cacheops - A slick ORM cache with automatic granular event-driven invalidation.
  • django-viewlet - Render template parts with extended cache control.
  • dogpile.cache - dogpile.cache is next generation replacement for Beaker made by same authors.
  • HermesCache - Python caching library with tag-based invalidation and dogpile effect prevention.
  • johnny-cache - A caching framework for django applications.
  • pylibmc - A Python wrapper around the libmemcached interface.

ChatOps Tools

Libraries for chatbot development.

  • Errbot - The easiest and most popular chatbot to implement ChatOps.

Code Analysis and Linter

Libraries and tools for analysing, parsing and manipulation codebases.

  • Code Analysis
    • coala - Language independent and easily extendable code analysis application.
    • code2flow - Turn your Python and JavaScript code into DOT flowcharts.
    • pycallgraph - A library that visualises the flow (call graph) of your Python application.
    • pysonar2 - A type inferencer and indexer for Python.
  • Linter
    • Flake8 - The modular source code checker: pep8, pyflakes and co.
    • pylama - Code audit tool for Python and JavaScript.
    • Pylint - A Fully customizable source code analyzer.

Command-line Tools

Libraries for building command-line application.

  • Command-line Application Development
    • asciimatics - Cross-platform, full-screen terminal package (i.e. mouse/keyboard input and coloured, positioned text output) complete with high-level API for complex animations and special effects.
    • cement - CLI Application Framework for Python.
    • click - A package for creating beautiful command line interfaces in a composable way.
    • cliff - A framework for creating command-line programs with multi-level commands.
    • clint - Python Command-line Application Tools.
    • colorama - Cross-platform colored terminal text.
    • docopt - Pythonic command line arguments parser.
    • Gooey - Turn command line programs into a full GUI application with one line
    • python-prompt-toolkit - A Library for building powerful interactive command lines.
  • Productivity Tools
    • aws-cli - A universal command-line interface for Amazon Web Services.
    • bashplotlib - Making basic plots in the terminal.
    • caniusepython3 - Determine what projects are blocking you from porting to Python 3.
    • cookiecutter - A command-line utility that creates projects from cookiecutters (project templates).
    • doitlive - A tool for live presentations in the terminal.
    • howdoi - Instant coding answers via the command line.
    • httpie - A command line HTTP client, a user-friendly cURL replacement.
    • mycli - A Terminal Client for MySQL with AutoCompletion and Syntax Highlighting.
    • PathPicker - Select files out of bash output.
    • percol - Adds flavor of interactive selection to the traditional pipe concept on UNIX.
    • pgcli - Postgres CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.
    • SAWS - A Supercharged AWS CLI.
    • thefuck - Correcting your previous console command.
    • try - A dead simple CLI to try out python packages - It's never been easier.

Compatibility

Libraries for migrating from Python 2 to 3.

  • Python-Future - The missing compatibility layer between Python 2 and Python 3.
  • Python-Modernize - Modernizes Python code for eventual Python 3 migration.
  • Six - Python 2 and 3 compatibility utilities.

Computer Vision

Libraries for computer vision.

Concurrency and Parallelism

Libraries for concurrent and parallel execution.

  • eventlet - Asynchronous framework with WSGI support.
  • gevent - A coroutine-based Python networking library that uses greenlet.
  • multiprocessing - (Python standard library) Process-based "threading" interface.
  • threading - (Python standard library) Higher-level threading interface.
  • Tomorrow - Magic decorator syntax for asynchronous code.
  • uvloop - Ultra fast implementation of asyncio event loop on top of libuv.

Configuration

Libraries for storing and parsing configuration options.

  • config - Hierarchical config from the author of logging.
  • ConfigObj - INI file parser with validation.
  • ConfigParser - (Python standard library) INI file parser.
  • profig - Config from multiple formats with value conversion.
  • python-decouple - Strict separation of settings from code.

Cryptography

  • cryptography - A package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.
  • hashids - Implementation of hashids in Python.
  • Paramiko - A Python (2.6+, 3.3+) implementation of the SSHv2 protocol, providing both client and server functionality.
  • Passlib - Secure password storage/hashing library, very high level.
  • PyNacl - Python binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library.

Data Analysis

Libraries for data analyzing.

  • Blaze - NumPy and Pandas interface to Big Data.
  • Open Mining - Business Intelligence (BI) in Pandas interface.
  • Orange - Data mining, data visualization, analysis and machine learning through visual programming or scripts.
  • Pandas - A library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools.

Data Validation

Libraries for validating data. Used for forms in many cases.

  • Cerberus - A lightweight and extensible data validation library.
  • colander - Validating and deserializing data obtained via XML, JSON, an HTML form post.
  • jsonschema - An implementation of JSON Schema for Python.
  • schema - A library for validating Python data structures.
  • Schematics - Data Structure Validation.
  • valideer - Lightweight extensible data validation and adaptation library.
  • voluptuous - A Python data validation library.

Data Visualization

Libraries for visualizing data. See: awesome-javascript.

  • Altair - Declarative statistical visualization library for Python.
  • Bokeh - Interactive Web Plotting for Python.
  • ggplot - Same API as ggplot2 for R.
  • Matplotlib - A Python 2D plotting library.
  • Pygal - A Python SVG Charts Creator.
  • PyGraphviz - Python interface to Graphviz.
  • PyQtGraph - Interactive and realtime 2D/3D/Image plotting and science/engineering widgets.
  • Seaborn - Statistical data visualization using Matplotlib.
  • VisPy - High-performance scientific visualization based on OpenGL.

Database

Databases implemented in Python.

  • pickleDB - A simple and lightweight key-value store for Python.
  • PipelineDB - The Streaming SQL Database.
  • TinyDB - A tiny, document-oriented database.
  • ZODB - A native object database for Python. A key-value and object graph database.

Database Drivers

Libraries for connecting and operating databases.

  • MySQL - awesome-mysql
    • mysql-python - The MySQL database connector for Python.
    • mysqlclient - mysql-python fork supporting Python 3.
    • oursql - A better MySQL connector with support for native prepared statements and BLOBs.
    • PyMySQL - Pure Python MySQL driver compatible to mysql-python.
  • PostgreSQL
    • psycopg2 - The most popular PostgreSQL adapter for Python.
    • queries - A wrapper of the psycopg2 library for interacting with PostgreSQL.
    • txpostgres - Twisted based asynchronous driver for PostgreSQL.
  • Other Relational Databases
    • apsw - Another Python SQLite wrapper.
    • dataset - Store Python dicts in a database - works with SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL.
    • pymssql - A simple database interface to Microsoft SQL Server.
  • NoSQL Databases
    • cassandra-python-driver - Python driver for Cassandra.
    • HappyBase - A developer-friendly library for Apache HBase.
    • Plyvel - A fast and feature-rich Python interface to LevelDB.
    • py2neo - Python wrapper client for Neo4j's restful interface.
    • pycassa - Python Thrift driver for Cassandra.
    • PyMongo - The official Python client for MongoDB.
    • redis-py - The Redis Python Client.
    • telephus - Twisted based client for Cassandra.
    • txRedis - Twisted based client for Redis.

Date and Time

Libraries for working with dates and times.

  • arrow - Better dates & times for Python.
  • Chronyk - A Python 3 library for parsing human-written times and dates.
  • dateutil - Extensions to the standard Python datetime module.
  • delorean - A library for clearing up the inconvenient truths that arise dealing with datetimes.
  • moment - A Python library for dealing with dates/times. Inspired by Moment.js.
  • Pendulum - Python datetimes made easy.
  • PyTime - A easy-use Python module which aims to operate date/time/datetime by string.
  • pytz - World timezone definitions, modern and historical. Brings the tz database into Python.
  • when.py - Providing user-friendly functions to help perform common date and time actions.

Debugging Tools

Libraries for debugging code.

  • pdb-like Debugger
    • ipdb - IPython-enabled pdb.
    • pdb++ - Another drop-in replacement for pdb.
    • pudb - A full-screen, console-based Python debugger.
    • remote-pdb - Remote vanilla PDB (over TCP sockets).
    • wdb - An improbable web debugger through WebSockets.
  • Profiler
  • Others
    • django-debug-toolbar - Display various debug information for Django.
    • django-devserver - A drop-in replacement for Django's runserver.
    • flask-debugtoolbar - A port of the django-debug-toolbar to flask.
    • hunter - Hunter is a flexible code tracing toolkit.
    • lptrace - strace for Python programs.
    • manhole - Debug service that will accept unix domain socket connections and present the stacktraces for all threads and an interactive prompt.
    • pyelftools - Parsing and analyzing ELF files and DWARF debugging information.
    • pyringe - Debugger capable of attaching to and injecting code into Python processes.

Deep Learning

Frameworks for Neural Networks and Deep Learning. See: awesome-deep-learning.

  • Caffe - A fast open framework for deep learning..
  • Keras - A high-level neural networks library and capable of running on top of either TensorFlow or Theano.
  • Neupy - Running and testing different Artificial Neural Networks algorithms.
  • Pytorch - Tensors and Dynamic neural networks in Python with strong GPU acceleration.
  • TensorFlow - The most popular Deep Learning framework created by Google.
  • Theano - A library for fast numerical computation.

DevOps Tools

Software and libraries for DevOps.

  • Ansible - A radically simple IT automation platform.
  • Cloud-Init - A multi-distribution package that handles early initialization of a cloud instance.
  • cuisine - Chef-like functionality for Fabric.
  • Docker Compose - Fast, isolated development environments using Docker.
  • Fabric - A simple, Pythonic tool for remote execution and deployment.
  • Fabtools - Tools for writing awesome Fabric files.
  • honcho - A Python clone of Foreman, for managing Procfile-based applications.
  • OpenStack - Open source software for building private and public clouds.
  • pexpect - Controlling interactive programs in a pseudo-terminal like GNU expect.
  • psutil - A cross-platform process and system utilities module.
  • SaltStack - Infrastructure automation and management system.
  • supervisor - Supervisor process control system for UNIX.

Distribution

Libraries to create packaged executables for release distribution.

  • dh-virtualenv - Build and distribute a virtualenv as a Debian package.
  • Nuitka - Compile scripts, modules, packages to an executable or extension module.
  • py2app - Freezes Python scripts (Mac OS X).
  • py2exe - Freezes Python scripts (Windows).
  • PyInstaller - Converts Python programs into stand-alone executables (cross-platform).
  • pynsist - A tool to build Windows installers, installers bundle Python itself.

Documentation

Libraries for generating project documentation.

  • Sphinx - Python Documentation generator.
  • MkDocs - Markdown friendly documentation generator.
  • pdoc - Epydoc replacement to auto generate API documentation for Python libraries.
  • Pycco - The literate-programming-style documentation generator.

Downloader

Libraries for downloading.

  • s3cmd - A command line tool for managing Amazon S3 and CloudFront.
  • s4cmd - Super S3 command line tool, good for higher performance.
  • you-get - A YouTube/Youku/Niconico video downloader written in Python 3.
  • youtube-dl - A small command-line program to download videos from YouTube.

E-commerce

Frameworks and libraries for e-commerce and payments.

  • alipay - Unofficial Alipay API for Python.
  • Cartridge - A shopping cart app built using the Mezzanine.
  • django-oscar - An open-source e-commerce framework for Django.
  • django-shop - A Django based shop system.
  • merchant - A Django app to accept payments from various payment processors.
  • money - Money class with optional CLDR-backed locale-aware formatting and an extensible currency exchange solution.
  • python-currencies - Display money format and its filthy currencies.
  • shoop - An open source E-Commerce platform based on Django.

Editor Plugins and IDEs

  • Emacs
    • Elpy - Emacs Python Development Environment.
  • Sublime Text
    • Anaconda - Anaconda turns your Sublime Text 3 in a full featured Python development IDE.
    • SublimeJEDI - A Sublime Text plugin to the awesome auto-complete library Jedi.
  • Vim
    • Jedi-vim - Vim bindings for the Jedi auto-completion library for Python.
    • Python-mode - An all in one plugin for turning Vim into a Python IDE.
    • YouCompleteMe - Includes Jedi-based completion engine for Python.
  • Visual Studio
    • PTVS - Python Tools for Visual Studio.
  • Visual Studio Code
    • Python - An extension with rich support for the Python language, with features including linting, IntelliSense, formatting, refactoring, debugging, unit tests, and jupyter support.
    • Magic Python - Cutting edge Python syntax highlighter for Sublime Text, Atom, and Visual Studio Code. Used by GitHub to highlight your Python code!
  • IDE
    • LiClipse - Free polyglot IDE based on Eclipse. Uses PyDev for Python support.
    • PyCharm - Commercial Python IDE by JetBrains. Has free community edition available.
    • Spyder - Open Source Python IDE.

Email

Libraries for sending and parsing email.

  • envelopes - Mailing for human beings.
  • flanker - A email address and Mime parsing library.
  • imbox - Python IMAP for Humans.
  • inbox.py - Python SMTP Server for Humans.
  • lamson - Pythonic SMTP Application Server.
  • Marrow Mailer - High-performance extensible mail delivery framework.
  • modoboa - A mail hosting and management platform including a modern and simplified Web UI.
  • Nylas Sync Engine - Providing a RESTful API on top of a powerful email sync platform.
  • yagmail - Yet another Gmail/SMTP client.

Environment Management

Libraries for Python version and environment management.

  • p - Dead simple interactive Python version management.
  • pyenv - Simple Python version management.
  • venv - (Python standard library in Python 3.3+) Creating lightweight virtual environments.
  • virtualenv - A tool to create isolated Python environments.
  • virtualenvwrapper - A set of extensions to virtualenv.

Files

Libraries for file manipulation and MIME type detection.

  • imghdr - (Python standard library) Determine the type of an image.
  • mimetypes - (Python standard library) Map filenames to MIME types.
  • path.py - A module wrapper for os.path.
  • pathlib - (Python standard library in Python 3.4+) An cross-platform, object-oriented path library.
  • python-magic - A Python interface to the libmagic file type identification library.
  • Unipath - An object-oriented approach to file/directory operations.
  • watchdog - API and shell utilities to monitor file system events.

Foreign Function Interface

Libraries for providing foreign function interface.

  • cffi - Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
  • ctypes - (Python standard library) Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
  • PyCUDA - A Python wrapper for Nvidia's CUDA API.
  • SWIG - Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator.

Forms

Libraries for working with forms.

  • Deform - Python HTML form generation library influenced by the formish form generation library.
  • django-bootstrap3 - Bootstrap 3 integration with Django.
  • django-crispy-forms - A Django app which lets you create beautiful forms in a very elegant and DRY way.
  • django-remote-forms - A platform independent Django form serializer.
  • WTForms - A flexible forms validation and rendering library.

Functional Programming

Functional Programming with Python.

  • CyToolz - Cython implementation of Toolz: High performance functional utilities.
  • fn.py - Functional programming in Python: implementation of missing features to enjoy FP.
  • funcy - A fancy and practical functional tools.
  • Toolz - A collection of functional utilities for iterators, functions, and dictionaries.

GUI

Libraries for working with graphical user interface applications.

  • curses - Built-in wrapper for ncurses used to create terminal GUI applications.
  • enaml - Creating beautiful user-interfaces with Declaratic Syntax like QML.
  • Flexx - Flexx is a pure Python toolkit for creating GUI's, that uses web technology for its rendering.
  • kivy - A library for creating NUI applications, running on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android and iOS.
  • pyglet - A cross-platform windowing and multimedia library for Python.
  • PyGObject - Python Bindings for GLib/GObject/GIO/GTK+ (GTK+3)
  • PyQt - Python bindings for the Qt cross-platform application and UI framework, with support for both Qt v4 and Qt v5 frameworks.
  • PySide - Python bindings for the Qt cross-platform application and UI framework, supporting the Qt v4 framework.
  • Tkinter - Tkinter is Python's de-facto standard GUI package.
  • Toga - A Python native, OS native GUI toolkit.
  • urwid - A library for creating terminal GUI applications with strong support for widgets, events, rich colors, etc.
  • wxPython - A blending of the wxWidgets C++ class library with the Python.

Game Development

Awesome game development libraries.

  • Cocos2d - cocos2d is a framework for building 2D games, demos, and other graphical/interactive applications. It is based on pyglet.
  • Panda3D - 3D game engine developed by Disney and maintained by Carnegie Mellon's Entertainment Technology Center. Written in C++, completely wrapped in Python.
  • Pygame - Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games.
  • PyOgre - Python bindings for the Ogre 3D render engine, can be used for games, simulations, anything 3D.
  • PyOpenGL - Python ctypes bindings for OpenGL and it's related APIs.
  • PySDL2 - A ctypes based wrapper for the SDL2 library.
  • RenPy - A Visual Novel engine.

Geolocation

Libraries for geocoding addresses and working with latitudes and longitudes.

  • django-countries - A Django app that provides country choices for use with forms, flag icons static files, and a country field for models.
  • GeoDjango - A world-class geographic web framework.
  • GeoIP - Python API for MaxMind GeoIP Legacy Database.
  • geojson - Python bindings and utilities for GeoJSON.
  • geopy - Python Geocoding Toolbox.
  • pygeoip - Pure Python GeoIP API.

HTML Manipulation

Libraries for working with HTML and XML.

  • BeautifulSoup - Providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying HTML or XML.
  • bleach - A whitelist-based HTML sanitization and text linkification library.
  • cssutils - A CSS library for Python.
  • html5lib - A standards-compliant library for parsing and serializing HTML documents and fragments.
  • lxml - A very fast, easy-to-use and versatile library for handling HTML and XML.
  • MarkupSafe - Implements a XML/HTML/XHTML Markup safe string for Python.
  • pyquery - A jQuery-like library for parsing HTML.
  • untangle - Converts XML documents to Python objects for easy access.
  • WeasyPrint - A visual rendering engine for HTML and CSS that can export to PDF.
  • xmldataset - Simple XML Parsing.
  • xmltodict - Working with XML feel like you are working with JSON.

HTTP

Libraries for working with HTTP.

  • grequests - requests + gevent for asynchronous HTTP requests.
  • httplib2 - Comprehensive HTTP client library.
  • requests - HTTP Requests for Humans™.
  • treq - Python requests like API built on top of Twisted's HTTP client.
  • urllib3 - A HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, sanity friendly.

Hardware

Libraries for programming with hardware.

  • ino - Command line toolkit for working with Arduino.
  • Pingo - Pingo provides a uniform API to program devices like the Raspberry Pi, pcDuino, Intel Galileo, etc.
  • Pyro - Python Robotics.
  • PyUserInput - A module for cross-platform control of the mouse and keyboard.
  • scapy - A brilliant packet manipulation library.
  • wifi - A Python library and command line tool for working with WiFi on Linux.

Imagery

Libraries for manipulating images.

  • hmap - Image histogram remapping.
  • imgSeek - A project for searching a collection of images using visual similarity.
  • nude.py - Nudity detection.
  • pagan - Retro identicon (Avatar) generation based on input string and hash.
  • pillow - Pillow is the friendly PIL fork.
  • pyBarcode - Create barcodes in Python without needing PIL.
  • pygram - Instagram-like image filters.
  • python-qrcode - A pure Python QR Code generator.
  • Quads - Computer art based on quadtrees.
  • scikit-image - A Python library for (scientific) image processing.
  • thumbor - A smart imaging service. It enables on-demand crop, re-sizing and flipping of images.
  • wand - Python bindings for MagickWand, C API for ImageMagick.

Implementations

Implementations of Python.

  • CLPython - Implementation of the Python programming language written in Common Lisp.
  • CPython - Default, most widely used implementation of the Python programming language written in C.Optimizing Static Compiler for Python. Uses type mixins to compile Python into C or C++ modules resulting in large performance gains.
  • Grumpy - More compiler than interpreter as more powerful CPython2.7 replacement (alpha).
  • IronPython - Implementation of the Python programming language written in C# targeting the .NET Framework and Mono.
  • Jython - Implementation of Python programming language written in Java for the Java virtual machine (JVM).
  • MicroPython - MicroPython - a lean and efficient Python programming language implementation for microcontrollers and constrained systems
  • Numba - Python JIT complier to LLVM aimed at scientific Python.
  • PeachPy - x86-64 assembler embedded in Python. Can be used as inline assembler for Python or as a stand-alone assembler for Windows, Linux, OS X, Native Client and Go.
  • Pyjion - A JIT for Python based upon CoreCLR.
  • PyPy - Implementation of the Python programming language written in RPython and translated into C. PyPy focuses on speed, efficiency and compatibility with the original CPython interpreter. The interpreter uses black magic to make Python very fast without having to add in additional type information.
  • PySec - Hardened version of python that makes it easier for security professionals and developers to write applications more resilient to attacks and manipulations.
  • Pyston - A Python implementation built using LLVM and modern JIT techniques with the goal of achieving good performance.
  • Stackless Python - An enhanced version of the Python programming language which allows programmers to reap the benefits of thread-based programming without the performance and complexity problems associated with conventional threads.

Interactive Interpreter

Interactive Python interpreters (REPL).

Internationalization

Libraries for working with i18n.

  • Babel - An internationalization library for Python.
  • PyICU - A wrapper of International Components for Unicode C++ library (ICU).

Job Scheduler

Libraries for scheduling jobs.

  • APScheduler - A light but powerful in-process task scheduler that lets you schedule functions.
  • django-schedule - A calendaring app for Django.
  • doit - A task runner and build tool.
  • gunnery - Multipurpose task execution tool for distributed systems with web-based interface.
  • Joblib - A set of tools to provide lightweight pipelining in Python.
  • Plan - Writing crontab file in Python like a charm.
  • schedule - Python job scheduling for humans.
  • Spiff - A powerful workflow engine implemented in pure Python.
  • TaskFlow - A Python library that helps to make task execution easy, consistent and reliable.

Logging

Libraries for generating and working with logs.

  • Eliot - Logging for complex & distributed systems.
  • logbook - Logging replacement for Python.
  • logging - (Python standard library) Logging facility for Python.
  • Raven - The Python client for Sentry.
  • Sentry - A realtime logging and aggregation server.

Machine Learning

Libraries for Machine Learning. See: awesome-machine-learning.

MapReduce

Frameworks and libraries for MapReduce.

  • dpark - Python clone of Spark, a MapReduce alike framework in Python.
  • dumbo - Python module that allows one to easily write and run Hadoop programs.
  • luigi - A module that helps you build complex pipelines of batch jobs.
  • mrjob - Run MapReduce jobs on Hadoop or Amazon Web Services.
  • PySpark - The Spark Python API.
  • streamparse - Run Python code against real-time streams of data. Integrates with Apache Storm.

Microsoft Windows

Python programming on Microsoft Windows.

  • Python(x,y) - Scientific-applications-oriented Python Distribution based on Qt and Spyder.
  • pythonlibs - Unofficial Windows binaries for Python extension packages.
  • PythonNet - Python Integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR).
  • PyWin32 - Python Extensions for Windows.
  • WinPython - Portable development environment for Windows 7/8.

Miscellaneous

Useful libraries or tools that don't fit in the categories above.

  • blinker - A fast Python in-process signal/event dispatching system.
  • itsdangerous - Various helpers to pass trusted data to untrusted environments.
  • pluginbase - A simple but flexible plugin system for Python.
  • Pychievements - A framework for creating and tracking achievements.
  • Tryton - A general purpose business framework.

Natural Language Processing

Libraries for working with human languages.

  • Jieba - Chinese text segmentation.
  • langid.py - Stand-alone language identification system.
  • NLTK - A leading platform for building Python programs to work with human language data.
  • Pattern - A web mining module for the Python.
  • SnowNLP - A library for processing Chinese text.
  • spaCy - A library for industrial-strength natural language processing in Python and Cython.
  • TextBlob - Providing a consistent API for diving into common NLP tasks.
  • TextGrocery - A simple, efficient short-text classification tool based on LibLinear and Jieba.

Network Virtualization

Tools and libraries for Virtual Networking and SDN (Software Defined Networking).

  • Mininet - A popular network emulator and API written in Python.
  • POX - An open source development platform for Python-based Software Defined Networking (SDN) control applications, such as OpenFlow SDN controllers.
  • Pyretic - A member of the Frenetic family of SDN programming languages that provides powerful abstractions over network switches or emulators.
  • SDX Platform - SDN based IXP implementation that leverages Mininet, POX and Pyretic.

Networking

Libraries for networking programming.

  • asyncio - (Python standard library) Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks.
  • diesel - Greenlet-based event I/O Framework for Python.
  • pulsar - Event-driven concurrent framework for Python.
  • pyzmq - A Python wrapper for the ZeroMQ message library.
  • Twisted - An event-driven networking engine.
  • txZMQ - Twisted based wrapper for the ZeroMQ message library.

News Feed

Libraries for building user's activities.

ORM

Libraries that implement Object-Relational Mapping or data mapping techniques.

  • Relational Databases
    • Django Models - A part of Django.
    • SQLAlchemy - The Python SQL Toolkit and Object Relational Mapper.
    • Orator - The Orator ORM provides a simple yet beautiful ActiveRecord implementation.
    • Peewee - A small, expressive ORM.
    • PonyORM - ORM that provides a generator-oriented interface to SQL.
    • python-sql - Write SQL queries pythonically.
  • NoSQL Databases
  • Others
    • butterdb - A Python ORM for Google Drive Spreadsheets.
    • dataset - A JSON-based database.

Package Management

Libraries for package and dependency management.

  • pip - The Python package and dependency manager.
  • conda - Cross-platform, Python-agnostic binary package manager.
  • Curdling - Curdling is a command line tool for managing Python packages.
  • pip-tools - A set of tools to keep your pinned Python dependencies fresh.
  • wheel - The new standard of Python distribution and are intended to replace eggs.

Package Repositories

Local PyPI repository server and proxies.

  • warehouse - Next generation Python Package Repository (PyPI).
  • bandersnatch - PyPI mirroring tool provided by Python Packaging Authority (PyPA).
  • devpi - PyPI server and packaging/testing/release tool.
  • localshop - Local PyPI server (custom packages and auto-mirroring of pypi).

Permissions

Libraries that allow or deny users access to data or functionality.

  • Carteblanche - Module to align code with thoughts of users and designers. Also magically handles navigation and permissions.
  • django-guardian - Implementation of per object permissions for Django 1.2+
  • django-rules - A tiny but powerful app providing object-level permissions to Django, without requiring a database.

Processes

Libraries for starting and communicating with OS processes.

  • envoy - Python subprocess for Humans™.
  • sarge - Yet another wrapper for subprocess.
  • sh - A full-fledged subprocess replacement for Python.

Queue

Libraries for working with event and task queues.

  • celery - An asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing.
  • huey - Little multi-threaded task queue.
  • mrq - Mr. Queue - A distributed worker task queue in Python using Redis & gevent.
  • rq - Simple job queues for Python.
  • simpleq - A simple, infinitely scalable, Amazon SQS based queue.

RESTful API

Libraries for developing RESTful APIs.

  • Django
  • Flask
    • eve - REST API framework powered by Flask, MongoDB and good intentions.
    • flask-api-utils - Taking care of API representation and authentication for Flask.
    • flask-api - Browsable Web APIs for Flask.
    • flask-restful - Quickly building REST APIs for Flask.
    • flask-restless - Generating RESTful APIs for database models defined with SQLAlchemy.
  • Pyramid
    • cornice - A RESTful framework for Pyramid.
  • Framework agnostic
    • falcon - A high-performance framework for building cloud APIs and web app backends.
    • hug - A Python3 framework for cleanly exposing APIs over HTTP and the Command Line with automatic documentation and validation.
    • restless - Framework agnostic REST framework based on lessons learned from Tastypie.
    • ripozo - Quickly creating REST/HATEOAS/Hypermedia APIs.
    • sandman - Automated REST APIs for existing database-driven systems.

RPC Servers

RPC-compatible servers.

Science

Libraries for scientific computing.

  • astropy - A community Python library for Astronomy.
  • bcbio-nextgen - Providing best-practice pipelines for fully automated high throughput sequencing analysis.
  • bccb - Collection of useful code related to biological analysis.
  • Biopython - Biopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation.
  • cclib - A library for parsing and interpreting the results of computational chemistry packages.
  • NetworkX - A high-productivity software for complex networks.
  • NIPY - A collection of neuroimaging toolkits.
  • NumPy - A fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
  • Open Babel - A chemical toolbox designed to speak the many languages of chemical data.
  • PyDy - Short for Python Dynamics, used to assist with workflow in the modeling of dynamic motion.
  • PyMC - Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling toolkit.
  • RDKit - Cheminformatics and Machine Learning Software.
  • SciPy - A Python-based ecosystem of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering.
  • statsmodels - Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.
  • SymPy - A Python library for symbolic mathematics.
  • Zipline - A Pythonic algorithmic trading library.

Search

Libraries and software for indexing and performing search queries on data.

Serialization

Libraries for serializing complex data types

  • marshmallow - marshmallow is an ORM/ODM/framework-agnostic library for converting complex datatypes, such as objects, to and from native Python datatypes.

Serverless Frameworks

Frameworks for developing serverless Python code.

  • apex - Build, deploy, and manage AWS Lambda functions with ease.
  • python-lambda - A toolkit for developing and deploying Python code in AWS Lambda.
  • Zappa - A tool for deploying WSGI applications on AWS Lambda and API Gateway.

Specific Formats Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating specific text formats.

  • General
    • tablib - A module for Tabular Datasets in XLS, CSV, JSON, YAML.
  • Office
    • Marmir - Takes Python data structures and turns them into spreadsheets.
    • openpyxl - A library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
    • pyexcel - Providing one API for reading, manipulating and writing csv, ods, xls, xlsx and xlsm files.
    • python-docx - Reads, queries and modifies Microsoft Word 2007/2008 docx files.
    • relatorio - Templating OpenDocument files.
    • unoconv - Convert between any document format supported by LibreOffice/OpenOffice.
    • XlsxWriter - A Python module for creating Excel .xlsx files.
    • xlwings - A BSD-licensed library that makes it easy to call Python from Excel and vice versa.
    • xlwt / xlrd - Writing and reading data and formatting information from Excel files.
  • PDF
    • PDFMiner - A tool for extracting information from PDF documents.
    • PyPDF2 - A library capable of splitting, merging and transforming PDF pages.
    • ReportLab - Allowing Rapid creation of rich PDF documents.
  • Markdown
    • Mistune - Fastest and full featured pure Python parsers of Markdown.
    • Python-Markdown - A Python implementation of John Gruber’s Markdown.
  • YAML
    • PyYAML - YAML implementations for Python.
  • CSV
    • csvkit - Utilities for converting to and working with CSV.
  • Archive
    • unp - A command line tool that can unpack archives easily.

Static Site Generator

Static site generator is a software that takes some text + templates as input and produces HTML files on the output.

  • Cactus - Static site generator for designers.
  • Hyde - Jinja2-based static web site generator.
  • Lektor - An easy to use static CMS and blog engine.
  • Nikola - A static website and blog generator.
  • Pelican - Uses Markdown or ReST for content and Jinja 2 for themes. Supports DVCS, Disqus. AGPL.
  • Tinkerer - Tinkerer is a blogging engine/.static website generator powered by Sphinx.

Tagging

Libraries for tagging items.

Template Engine

Libraries and tools for templating and lexing.

  • Genshi - Python templating toolkit for generation of web-aware output.
  • Jinja2 - A modern and designer friendly templating language.
  • Mako - Hyperfast and lightweight templating for the Python platform.

Testing

Libraries for testing codebases and generating test data.

  • Testing Frameworks
    • hypothesis - Hypothesis is an advanced Quickcheck style property based testing library.
    • mamba - The definitive testing tool for Python. Born under the banner of BDD.
    • nose - A nicer unittest for Python.
    • nose2 - The successor to nose, based on unittest2.
    • pytest - A mature full-featured Python testing tool.
    • Robot Framework - A generic test automation framework.
    • unittest - (Python standard library) Unit testing framework.
  • Test Runners
    • green - A clean, colorful test runner.
    • tox - Auto builds and tests distributions in multiple Python versions
  • GUI / Web Testing
    • locust - Scalable user load testing tool written in Python.
    • PyAutoGUI - PyAutoGUI is a cross-platform GUI automation Python module for human beings.
    • Selenium - Python bindings for Selenium WebDriver.
    • sixpack - A language-agnostic A/B Testing framework.
    • splinter - Open source tool for testing web applications.
  • Mock
    • doublex - Powerful test doubles framework for Python.
    • freezegun - Travel through time by mocking the datetime module.
    • httmock - A mocking library for requests for Python 2.6+ and 3.2+.
    • httpretty - HTTP request mock tool for Python.
    • mock - (Python standard library) A mocking and patching library.
    • responses - A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library.
    • VCR.py - Record and replay HTTP interactions on your tests.
  • Object Factories
    • factory_boy - A test fixtures replacement for Python.
    • mixer - Another fixtures replacement. Supported Django, Flask, SQLAlchemy, Peewee and etc.
    • model_mommy - Creating random fixtures for testing in Django.
  • Code Coverage
    • coverage - Code coverage measurement.
  • Fake Data
    • church - is a Python library that help you generate fake data.
    • fake2db - Fake database generator.
    • faker - A Python package that generates fake data.
    • radar - Generate random datetime / time.
  • Error Handler
    • FuckIt.py - FuckIt.py uses state-of-the-art technology to make sure your Python code runs whether it has any right to or not.

Text Processing

Libraries for parsing and manipulating plain texts.

  • General
    • chardet - Python 2/3 compatible character encoding detector.
    • difflib - (Python standard library) Helpers for computing deltas.
    • ftfy - Makes Unicode text less broken and more consistent automagically.
    • fuzzywuzzy - Fuzzy String Matching.
    • Levenshtein - Fast computation of Levenshtein distance and string similarity.
    • pangu.py - Spacing texts for CJK and alphanumerics.
    • pyfiglet - An implementation of figlet written in Python.
    • shortuuid - A generator library for concise, unambiguous and URL-safe UUIDs.
    • unidecode - ASCII transliterations of Unicode text.
    • uniout - Print readable chars instead of the escaped string.
    • xpinyin - A library to translate Chinese hanzi (漢字) to pinyin (拼音).
  • Slugify
    • awesome-slugify - A Python slugify library that can preserve unicode.
    • python-slugify - A Python slugify library that translates unicode to ASCII.
    • unicode-slugify - A slugifier that generates unicode slugs with Django as a dependency.
  • Parser
    • phonenumbers - Parsing, formatting, storing and validating international phone numbers.
    • PLY - Implementation of lex and yacc parsing tools for Python
    • Pygments - A generic syntax highlighter.
    • pyparsing - A general purpose framework for generating parsers.
    • python-nameparser - Parsing human names into their individual components.
    • python-user-agents - Browser user agent parser.
    • sqlparse - A non-validating SQL parser.

Third-party APIs

Libraries for accessing third party services APIs. See: List of Python API Wrappers and Libraries.

  • apache-libcloud - One Python library for all clouds.
  • boto3 - Python interface to Amazon Web Services.
  • django-wordpress - WordPress models and views for Django.
  • facebook-sdk - Facebook Platform Python SDK.
  • facepy - Facepy makes it really easy to interact with Facebook's Graph API
  • gmail - A Pythonic interface for Gmail.
  • google-api-python-client - Google APIs Client Library for Python.
  • gspread - Google Spreadsheets Python API.
  • twython - A Python wrapper for the Twitter API.

URL Manipulation

Libraries for parsing URLs.

  • furl - A small Python library that makes manipulating URLs simple.
  • purl - A simple, immutable URL class with a clean API for interrogation and manipulation.
  • pyshorteners - A pure Python URL shortening lib.
  • short_url - Python implementation for generating Tiny URL and bit.ly-like URLs.
  • webargs - A friendly library for parsing HTTP request arguments, with built-in support for popular web frameworks, including Flask, Django, Bottle, Tornado, and Pyramid.

Video

Libraries for manipulating video and GIFs.

  • moviepy - A module for script-based movie editing with many formats, including animated GIFs.
  • scikit-video - Video processing routines for SciPy.

WSGI Servers

WSGI-compatible web servers.

  • bjoern - Asynchronous, very fast and written in C.
  • fapws3 - Asynchronous (network side only), written in C.
  • gunicorn - Pre-forked, partly written in C.
  • meinheld - Asynchronous, partly written in C.
  • netius - Asynchronous, very fast.
  • paste - Multi-threaded, stable, tried and tested.
  • rocket - Multi-threaded.
  • uWSGI - A project aims at developing a full stack for building hosting services, written in C.
  • waitress - Multi-threaded, powers Pyramid.
  • Werkzeug - A WSGI utility library for Python that powers Flask and can easily be embedded into your own projects.

Web Content Extracting

Libraries for extracting web contents.

  • Haul - An Extensible Image Crawler.
  • html2text - Convert HTML to Markdown-formatted text.
  • lassie - Web Content Retrieval for Humans.
  • micawber - A small library for extracting rich content from URLs.
  • newspaper - News extraction, article extraction and content curation in Python.
  • opengraph - A Python module to parse the Open Graph Protocol
  • python-goose - HTML Content/Article Extractor.
  • python-readability - Fast Python port of arc90's readability tool.
  • sanitize - Bringing sanity to world of messed-up data.
  • sumy - A module for automatic summarization of text documents and HTML pages.
  • textract - Extract text from any document, Word, PowerPoint, PDFs, etc.

Web Crawling

Libraries for scraping websites.

  • cola - A distributed crawling framework.
  • Demiurge - PyQuery-based scraping micro-framework.
  • feedparser - Universal feed parser.
  • Grab - Site scraping framework.
  • MechanicalSoup - A Python library for automating interaction with websites.
  • portia - Visual scraping for Scrapy.
  • pyspider - A powerful spider system.
  • RoboBrowser - A simple, Pythonic library for browsing the web without a standalone web browser.
  • Scrapy - A fast high-level screen scraping and web crawling framework.

Web Frameworks

Full stack web frameworks.

  • Bottle - A fast, simple and lightweight WSGI micro web-framework.
  • CherryPy - A minimalist Python web framework, HTTP/1.1-compliant and WSGI thread-pooled.
  • Django - The most popular web framework in Python.
  • Flask - A microframework for Python.
  • Pyramid - A small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework.
  • Tornado - A Web framework and asynchronous networking library.
  • TurboGears - A microframework that can scale up to a full stack solution.

WebSocket

Libraries for working with WebSocket.

Services

Online tools and APIs to simplify development.

Continuous Integration

See: awesome-CIandCD.

  • CircleCI - A CI service that can run very fast parallel testing. (GitHub only)
  • Travis CI - A popular CI service for your open source and private projects. (GitHub only)
  • Vexor CI - A continuous integration tool for private apps with pay-per-minute billing model.
  • Wercker - A Docker-based platform for building and deploying applications and microservices.

Code Quality

  • Codacy - Automated Code Review to ship better code, faster. Free for Open Source.
  • Codecov - Code coverage dashboard.
  • Landscape - Hosted continuous Python code metrics.
  • QuantifiedCode - A data-driven, automated, continuous code review tool.

Resources

Where to discover new Python libraries.

Podcasts

Twitter

Websites

Weekly

Other Awesome Lists

List of lists.

Contributing

Your contributions are always welcome! Please take a look at the contribution guidelines first.

I will keep some pull requests open if I'm not sure whether those libraries are awesome, you could vote for them by adding :+1: to them. Pull requests will be merged when their votes reach 20.

 

 

第二，https://pypi.python.org/pypi

 

第三，The Python Standard Library

While The Python Language Reference describes the exact syntax and semantics of the Python language, this library reference manual describes the standard library that is distributed with Python. It also describes some of the optional components that are commonly included in Python distributions.

Python’s standard library is very extensive, offering a wide range of facilities as indicated by the long table of contents listed below. The library contains built-in modules (written in C) that provide access to system functionality such as file I/O that would otherwise be inaccessible to Python programmers, as well as modules written in Python that provide standardized solutions for many problems that occur in everyday programming. Some of these modules are explicitly designed to encourage and enhance the portability of Python programs by abstracting away platform-specifics into platform-neutral APIs.

The Python installers for the Windows platform usually include the entire standard library and often also include many additional components. For Unix-like operating systems Python is normally provided as a collection of packages, so it may be necessary to use the packaging tools provided with the operating system to obtain some or all of the optional components.

In addition to the standard library, there is a growing collection of several thousand components (from individual programs and modules to packages and entire application development frameworks), available from the Python Package Index.

第四，http://blog.jobbole.com/72306/

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如下是伯樂在線從GitHub中整理出的15個最受歡迎的Python開源框架。這些框架包括事件I/O，OLAP，Web開發，高性能網絡通訊，測試，爬蟲等。

Django: Python Web應用開發框架

Django 應該是最出名的Python框架，GAE甚至Erlang都有框架受它影響。Django是走大而全的方向，它最出名的是其全自動化的管理後臺：只須要使用起ORM，作簡單的對象定義，它就能自動生成數據庫結構、以及全功能的管理後臺。

Diesel：基於Greenlet的事件I/O框架

Diesel提供一個整潔的API來編寫網絡客戶端和服務器。支持TCP和UDP。

Flask：一個用Python編寫的輕量級Web應用框架

Flask是一個使用Python編寫的輕量級Web應用框架。基於Werkzeug WSGI工具箱和Jinja2 模板引擎。Flask也被稱爲「microframework」，由於它使用簡單的核心，用extension增長其餘功能。Flask沒有默認使用的數據庫、窗體驗證工具。

Cubes：輕量級Python OLAP框架

Cubes是一個輕量級Python框架，包含OLAP、多維數據分析和瀏覽聚合數據（aggregated data）等工具。

Kartograph.py：創造矢量地圖的輕量級Python框架

Kartograph是一個Python庫，用來爲ESRI生成SVG地圖。Kartograph.py目前仍處於beta階段，你能夠在virtualenv環境下來測試。

Pulsar：Python的事件驅動併發框架

Pulsar是一個事件驅動的併發框架，有了pulsar，你能夠寫出在不一樣進程或線程中運行一個或多個活動的異步服務器。

Web2py：全棧式Web框架

Web2py是一個爲Python語言提供的全功能Web應用框架，旨在敏捷快速的開發Web應用，具備快速、安全以及可移植的數據庫驅動的應用，兼容Google App Engine。

Falcon：構建雲API和網絡應用後端的高性能Python框架

Falcon是一個構建雲API的高性能Python框架，它鼓勵使用REST架構風格，儘量以最少的力氣作最多的事情。

Dpark：Python版的Spark

DPark是Spark的Python克隆，是一個Python實現的分佈式計算框架，能夠很是方便地實現大規模數據處理和迭代計算。DPark由豆瓣實現，目前豆瓣內部的絕大多數數據分析都使用DPark完成，正日趨完善。

Buildbot：基於Python的持續集成測試框架

Buildbot是一個開源框架，能夠自動化軟件構建、測試和發佈等過程。每當代碼有改變，服務器要求不一樣平臺上的客戶端當即進行代碼構建和測試，收集並報告不一樣平臺的構建和測試結果。

Zerorpc：基於ZeroMQ的高性能分佈式RPC框架

Zerorpc是一個基於ZeroMQ和MessagePack開發的遠程過程調用協議（RPC）實現。和 Zerorpc 一塊兒使用的 Service API 被稱爲 zeroservice。Zerorpc 能夠經過編程或命令行方式調用。

Bottle: 微型Python Web框架

Bottle是一個簡單高效的遵循WSGI的微型python Web框架。說微型，是由於它只有一個文件，除Python標準庫外，它不依賴於任何第三方模塊。

Tornado：異步非阻塞IO的Python Web框架

Tornado的全稱是Torado Web Server，從名字上看就可知道它能夠用做Web服務器，但同時它也是一個Python Web的開發框架。最初是在FriendFeed公司的網站上使用，FaceBook收購了以後便開源了出來。

webpy: 輕量級的Python Web框架

webpy的設計理念力求精簡（Keep it simple and powerful），源碼很簡短，只提供一個框架所必須的東西，不依賴大量的第三方模塊，它沒有URL路由、沒有模板也沒有數據庫的訪問。

Scrapy：Python的爬蟲框架

Scrapy是一個使用Python編寫的，輕量級的，簡單輕巧，而且使用起來很是的方便。

 

第五，2015第三方庫

 

下面是咱們在 2015 年使用過 Python 庫的十大排名，排名不分前後。咱們儘可能避開已經被普遍接受的庫，例如 Django、Flask、Django Rest Framework 等，介紹一些可能不是那麼出名的庫。繫好安全帶，老司機要開車了！

1. jupyter

若是畫家沒法當即看到他做畫的內容，這對畫家來講可真是太難了。『Jupyter Notebooks』 讓咱們更容易與代碼、繪圖和結果進行交互，它正逐漸成爲一款數據科學家們所喜好的工具。這些 Notebook 是結合了實時代碼（live code）和說明文檔的文檔。因爲這個緣由，它能夠快速建立原型或者教程。

雖然咱們只使用 Jupyter 來寫 Python，不過它最近增長了對很多編程語言的支持，例如 Julia 或者 Haskell。

2. retrying

『Retrying』庫能夠幫你避免重複勞動：它實現了『重試』行爲。它提供了一個通用的 decorator，這個 decorator 能夠很容易給方法增添重試的能力，並且還能夠設置一系列的屬性，如最大重試次數、延時、退避休眠（backoff sleeping）和錯誤條件（error conditions）等，以此來得到你想要的重試行爲。簡單輕便。

3. aiohttp

2015年有不少很是重要的庫都被移植到 Python 3，因此咱們也要開始擁抱它了。在使用協程寫併發代碼的時候，咱們很是喜歡用 asyncio，因此須要一個使用相同併發模式的 HTTP 客戶端（好比 requests）和服務器。而『aiohttp』就是這樣一個庫，它爲 asyncio 提供了簡潔易用的 HTTP 客戶端和服務器。

4. plumbum

爲了在 Python 程序中調用其餘腳本或者可執行程序，咱們嘗試過不少『subprocess』的封裝，但『plumbum』模式很輕鬆就擊敗了它們。它提供了很是易用的語法，能夠輕鬆地以跨平臺的方式執行本地或者遠程命令，獲取輸出或者錯誤代碼。若是這還不夠，你還能夠組合它們（shell 管道的方式），並且它還提供了建立命令行應用的接口。試試吧！

5. phonenumbers

處理和驗證電話號碼是一件很是痛苦的事情，由於須要考慮一大堆國際前綴和區域碼，還可能遇到某個國家的特殊情形。這個叫作 『phonenumbers』的 Python 庫，是從 Google 的『libphonenumbers』庫移植而來，後者極大的簡化了這項工做。它能夠用來解析、格式化或者驗證電話號碼，並且須要寫的代碼很是少。最重要的是，『phonenumbers』能夠判斷一個電話號碼是不是惟一的（遵守 E.164 格式）。它同時支持 Python 2 和 Python 3。

咱們已經在不少項目中普遍使用這個庫了，主要是調整 django-phonenumber-field，用它來解決這個常常遇到的枯燥問題。

6. networkx

在不少任務中，圖形和網絡是很是經常使用的工具，好比組織數據、顯示它們的流動或者展現實體之間的關聯。『NetworkX』容許建立、操做圖形和網絡，它所使用的算法很容易拓展，而且在處理大型圖形時很是理想。除此以外，它提供了不少對圖形進行着色的選項，這也讓它變成了一種很是棒的可視化工具。

7. influxdb

若是你要按照時間順序儲存一批數據，那你必定要考慮一下用 InfluxDB。InfluxDB 是一個時間序列數據庫，咱們用它來儲存不一樣時間的測量值。經過 RESTFul API（譯註：REST，表現層狀態轉化，是一種軟件架構風格，目前主流的 Web 服務實現方案之一，符合 REST 設計風格的 Web API 稱爲 RESTful API），它變得極其易用並且高效，這在處理海量數據時是很是必要的。另外，因爲其內建了聚類功能，所以對數據的檢索和分組也變得十分輕鬆。這個官方的客戶端經過 API 調用抽象掉了大部分工做，不過咱們也確實但願它能再改進一下，不要直接寫 JSON，而是使用查詢這種更符合 Python 風格的方式。

8. elasticsearch-dsl

若是你曾經用過 Elasticsearch，那你想必被那些特別長的 JSON 格式的查詢摧殘過，並且把大把的時間浪費在了檢查哪裏有解析錯誤上。『Elasticsearch DSL』是一個創建在 Elasticsearch 官方客戶端基礎之上的客戶端，它讓你沒必要再爲 JSON 擔憂：你只須要用一個 Python 類或者類 queryset 表達式把須要的東西寫好。同時它還提供了將文檔轉換成 Python 對象、映射等的接口。

9. keras

深度學習是一個新的趨勢，這正是『keras』的閃光點。它能夠在 Theano 之上運行，而且能夠利用多種神經網絡架構進行快速實驗。它極其精簡併且高度模塊化，能夠在 CPU 和 GPU 上無縫運行。相似『keras』這樣的庫是咱們在 2015 年處理 R&D 項目的關鍵所在。

10. gensim

若是你對 NLP（天然語言處理）很感興趣卻從沒有據說過『Gensim』……火星人你好。它提供了一些經常使用算法，例如 tf-idf、word2vec、doc2vec、LSA 等的快速、可拓展（內存無關）實現，同時還提供了簡單易用的藉口和完善的文檔。

福利：MonkeyLearn Python

最後，還有絕對不能錯過的 MonkeyLearn。這是 Tryolabs 公司的產品的一個分支，它經過簡單易用的 RESTFul API 提供了雲端的文本挖掘功能。經過它你能夠對文本有更加深刻的理解，好比文字中的情感、最重要的關鍵字，能夠對文本進行話題檢測，還可使用自定義的文本分類器進行其餘任何處理。『MonkeyLearn Python』是這個 API 的官方 Python 客戶端，同時支持 Python 2 和 Python 3。

 

第六，經常使用第三方庫

1、Web框架

 

1.Django:

開源web開發框架，它鼓勵快速開發，並遵循MVC設計，比較龐大，開發週期短。Django的文檔最完善、市場佔有率最高、招聘職位最多。全套的解決方案，Django象Rails同樣，提供全套的解決方案（full-stack framework + batteries included），基本要什麼有什麼（好比：cache、session、feed、orm、geo、auth），並且所有Django本身造，開發網 站應手的工具Django基本都給你作好了，所以開發效率是不用說的，出了問題也算好找，不在你的代碼裏就在Django的源碼裏。

2.web.py: 輕量級Web框架，雖然簡單可是功能強大。

3.Tornado:

Web服務器框架。Tornado便是一個Web server，同時又是一個類web.py的micro-framework，做爲框架，Tornado的思想主要來源於Web.py，沒有好的ORM，沒有session支持(雖然官方作法是用cookie代替)，WSGI支持不完整。但好處就是它用非阻塞的事件驅動開發，性能不錯。而且自帶WEB服務器，拿來學習一個非阻塞方式WEB服務器工做原理很適合。由於不用再去讀nginx源碼了。

4.Zope: 開源的Web應用服務器。

5.ActiveGrid: 企業級的Web2.0解決方案。

6.Karrigell: 簡單的Web框架，自身包含了Web服務，py腳本引擎和純python的數據庫PyDBLite。

7.CherryPy: 基於Python的Web應用程序開發框架。

8.Pylons: 基於Python的一個極其高效和可靠的Web開發框架。

9.TurboGears: 基於Python的MVC風格的Web應用程序框架。

10.Twisted: 流行的網絡編程庫，大型Web框架。

11.Quixote:Web開發框架。

 

2、科學計算

1.Matplotlib: 用Python實現的類matlab的第三方庫，用以繪製一些高質量的數學二維圖形。

2.Scipy: 基於Python的matlab實現，旨在實現matlab的全部功能。

3.Numpy: 基於Python的科學計算第三方庫，提供了許多高級的數值編程工具，如：矩陣數據類型、矢量處理，線性代數，傅立葉變換，以及精密的運算庫。專爲進行嚴格的數字處理而產生。

 

3、網頁爬蟲框架

scrapy: Python開發的一個快速,高層次的屏幕抓取和web抓取框架，用於抓取web站點並從頁面中提取結構化的數據。Scrapy用途普遍，能夠用於數據挖掘、監測和自動化測試。Scrapy吸引人的地方在於它是一個框架，任何人均可以根據需求方便的修改。它也提供了多種類型爬蟲的基類，如BaseSpider、sitemap爬蟲等，最新版本又提供了web2.0爬蟲的支持。

是一個爲遍歷爬行網站、分解獲取數據而設計的應用程序框架，它能夠應用在普遍領域：數據挖掘、信息處理和或者歷史片（歷史記錄）打包等等。

 

 

4、分佈式網絡框架

Twisted: 使用Python編寫，強壯的、面向對象的解釋性語言。Python使它的愛好者充滿熱情。使用Python編程是一種樂趣，易於編寫、易於閱讀、易於運行。由於Python是跨平臺的，因此能夠運行Twisted程序在Linux、Windows、Unix和MAC等等系統上。

Twisted包括大量的功能。Email、WEB、news、chat、DNS、SSH、Telnet、RPC、數據庫存取或者更多。

 

5、遊戲框架

Pygame: 基於Python的多媒體開發和遊戲軟件開發模塊。跨平臺 Python模塊，專爲電子遊戲設計。包含圖像、聲音。創建在SDL基礎上，容許實時電子遊戲研發而無需被低級語言（如機器語言和彙編語言）束縛。基於這樣一個設想，全部須要的遊戲功能和理念都（主要是圖像方面）都徹底簡化爲遊戲邏輯自己，全部的資源結構均可以由高級語言提供，如Python。

 

6、GUI

1.Tkinter: Python下標準的界面編程包，所以不算是第三方庫了。

2.PyGtk: 基於Python的GUI程序開發GTK+庫。

3.PyQt: 用於Python的QT開發庫。

4.WxPython: Python下的GUI編程框架，與MFC的架構類似。

 

7、其餘

1.BeautifulSoup: 基於Python的HTML/XML解析器，簡單易用。

2.MySQLdb: 用於鏈接MySQL數據庫。

3.Py2exe: 將python腳本轉換爲windows上能夠獨立運行的可執行程序。

4.pefile: Windows PE文件解析器。

5.PIL:基於Python的圖像處理庫，功能強大，對圖形文件的格式支持普遍。

6.cElementTree: 高性能XML解析庫，Py2.5應該已經包含了該模塊，所以不算一個第三方庫了。

 

第七，Easy-Python    http://easy-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

 

Easy-Python

Easy-Python is a list of awesome things you didn’t know you would need.

Contribute

Pull requests are welcomed, you’d better follow the following rules:

  • Library should belong to a general category (not twitter api stuff)
  • Do not upload a duplicate
  • Library should be mature, widely used, tested and documented
  • Keep descriptions short

Thank you for your suggestions!

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