一、簡介
使用SpringBoot;
1)、建立SpringBoot應用,選中咱們須要的模塊;
2)、SpringBoot已經默認將這些場景配置好了,只須要在配置文件中指定少許配置就能夠運行起來
3)、本身編寫業務代碼;
自動配置原理?
這個場景SpringBoot幫咱們配置了什麼?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能擴展?xxxcss
xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫咱們給容器中自動配置組件;
xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置文件的內容;
二、SpringBoot對靜態資源的映射規則html
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware { //能夠設置和靜態資源有關的參數,緩存時間等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration: @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled"); return; } Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**") .addResourceLocations( "classpath:/META‐INF/resources/webjars/") .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); //靜態資源文件夾映射 if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } } //配置歡迎頁映射 @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); } //配置喜歡的圖標 @Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//全部 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new
ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}前端
1)、全部 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找資源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入靜態資源;
http://www.webjars.org/java
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.jsjquery
<!‐‐引入jquery‐webjar‐‐>在訪問的時候只須要寫webjars下面資源的名稱便可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
2)、"/**" 訪問當前項目的任何資源,都去(靜態資源的文件夾)找映射web
"classpath:/META‐INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" "/":當前項目的根路徑
localhost:8080/abc === 去靜態資源文件夾裏面找abc
3)、歡迎頁; 靜態資源文件夾下的全部index.html頁面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index頁面
4)、全部的 **/favicon.ico 都是在靜態資源文件下找; spring
三、模板引擎
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleafexpress
SpringBoot推薦的Thymeleaf;
語法更簡單,功能更強大; json
一、引入thymeleaf;bootstrap
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切換thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!‐‐ 佈局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 ‐‐>
<!‐‐ thymeleaf2 layout1‐‐>
<thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>
</properties>
二、Thymeleaf使用
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF‐8"); private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html"); public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
只要咱們把HTML頁面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自動渲染;
使用:
一、導入thymeleaf的名稱空間
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
二、使用thymeleaf語法;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF‐8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>成功!</h1> <!‐‐th:text 將div裏面的文本內容設置爲 ‐‐> <div th:text="${hello}">這是顯示歡迎信息</div> </body> </html>
三、語法規則
1)、th:text;改變當前元素裏面的文本內容;
th:任意html屬性;來替換原生屬性的值
2)、表達式?
Simple expressions:(表達式語法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:獲取變量值;OGNL; 1)、獲取對象的屬性、調用方法 2)、使用內置的基本對象: #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. ${session.foo} 3)、內置的一些工具對象: #execInfo : information about the template being processed. #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax. #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any). #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc. #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects. #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects. #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc. #objects : methods for objects in general. #bools : methods for boolean evaluation. #arrays : methods for arrays. #lists : methods for lists. #sets : methods for sets. #maps : methods for maps. #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections. #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration). Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:選擇表達式:和${}在功能上是同樣; 補充:配合 th:object="${session.user}: <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...}:獲取國際化內容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定義URL; @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片斷引用表達式 <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div> Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操做) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(數學運算) Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): ‐ Boolean operations:(布爾運算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比較運算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:條件運算(三元運算符) If‐then: (if) ? (then) If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No‐Operation: _
四、SpringMVC自動配置
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developingweb-applications
1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自動配置好了SpringMVC
如下是SpringBoot對SpringMVC的默認配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
自動配置了ViewResolver(視圖解析器:根據方法的返回值獲得視圖對象(View),視圖對象決定如何
渲染(轉發?重定向?))
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:組合全部的視圖解析器的;
如何定製:咱們能夠本身給容器中添加一個視圖解析器;自動的將其組合進來;
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).靜態資源文件夾路
徑,webjars
Static index.html support. 靜態首頁訪問
Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
自動註冊了 of Converter , GenericConverter , Formatter beans.
Converter:轉換器; public String hello(User user):類型轉換使用Converter
Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
@Bean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格 式化的規則 public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() { return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化組件 }
本身添加的格式化器轉換器,咱們只須要放在容器中便可
Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用來轉換Http請求和響應的;User---Json;
HttpMessageConverters 是從容器中肯定;獲取全部的HttpMessageConverter;
本身給容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只須要將本身的組件註冊容器中
(@Bean,@Component)
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定義錯誤代碼生成規則
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
咱們能夠配置一個ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer來替換默認的;(添加到容器)
初始化WebDataBinder;
請求數據=====JavaBean;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的全部自動場景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration
(interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter , but without @EnableWebMvc . If you wish to provide custom instances of
RequestMappingHandlerMapping , RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with
@EnableWebMvc
二、擴展SpringMVC
<mvc:view‐controller path="/hello" view‐name="success"/> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/> <bean></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
編寫一個配置類(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter類型;不能標註@EnableWebMvc;
既保留了全部的自動配置,也能用咱們擴展的配置;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } }
原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自動配置類
2)、在作其餘自動配置時會導入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@Configuration public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite(); //從容器中獲取全部的WebMvcConfigurer @Autowired(required = false) public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); //一個參考實現;將全部的WebMvcConfigurer相關配置都來一塊兒調用; @Override // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) { // delegate.addViewControllers(registry); // } } } }
3)、容器中全部的WebMvcConfigurer都會一塊兒起做用;
4)、咱們的配置類也會被調用;
效果:SpringMVC的自動配置和咱們的擴展配置都會起做用;
三、全面接管SpringMVC;
SpringBoot對SpringMVC的自動配置不須要了,全部都是咱們本身配置;全部的SpringMVC的自動配置都失效了
咱們須要在配置類中添加@EnableWebMvc便可;
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能 @EnableWebMvc @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } }
原理:
爲何@EnableWebMvc自動配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)、
@Configuration public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)、
@Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class }) //容器中沒有這個組件的時候,這個自動配置類才生效 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport組件導入進來;
5)、導入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
五、如何修改SpringBoot的默認配置
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自動配置不少組件的時候,先看容器中有沒有用戶本身配置的(@Bean、@Component)如
果有就用用戶配置的,若是沒有,才自動配置;若是有些組件能夠有多個(ViewResolver)將用戶配置的和本身默
認的組合起來;
2)、在SpringBoot中會有很是多的xxxConfigurer幫助咱們進行擴展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中會有不少的xxxCustomizer幫助咱們進行定製配置
六、RestfulCRUD
1)、默認訪問首頁
//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能 //@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { // super.addViewControllers(registry); //瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success"); } //全部的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一塊兒起做用 @Bean //將組件註冊在容器 public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){ WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login"); } }; return adapter; } }
2)、國際化
1)、編寫國際化配置文件;
2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理國際化資源文件
3)、在頁面使用fmt:message取出國際化內容
步驟:
1)、編寫國際化配置文件,抽取頁面須要顯示的國際化消息
2)、SpringBoot自動配置好了管理國際化資源文件的組件;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages") public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration { /** * Comma‐separated list of basenames (essentially a fully‐qualified classpath * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root. */ private String basename = "messages"; //咱們的配置文件能夠直接放在類路徑下叫messages.properties; @Bean public MessageSource messageSource() { ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource(); if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) { //設置國際化資源文件的基礎名(去掉語言國家代碼的) messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray( StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename))); } if (this.encoding != null) { messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name()); } messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale); messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds); messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat); return messageSource; }
3)、去頁面獲取國際化的值;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta http‐equiv="Content‐Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF‐8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device‐width, initial‐scale=1, shrink‐to‐ fit=no"> <meta name="description" content=""> <meta name="author" content=""> <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title> <!‐‐ Bootstrap core CSS ‐‐> <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet"> <!‐‐ Custom styles for this template ‐‐> <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body class="text‐center"> <form class="form‐signin" action="dashboard.html"> <img class="mb‐4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72"> <h1 class="h3 mb‐3 font‐weight‐normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1> <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label> <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="# {login.username}" required="" autofocus=""> <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label> <input type="password" class="form‐control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required=""> <div class="checkbox mb‐3"> <label> <input type="checkbox" value="remember‐me"/> [[#{login.remember}]] </label> </div> <button class="btn btn‐lg btn‐primary btn‐block" type="submit" th:text="# {login.btn}">Sign in</button> <p class="mt‐5 mb‐3 text‐muted">© 2017‐2018</p> <a class="btn btn‐sm">中文</a> <a class="btn btn‐sm">English</a> </form> </body> </html>
效果:根據瀏覽器語言設置的信息切換了國際化;
原理:
國際化Locale(區域信息對象);LocaleResolver(獲取區域信息對象);
@Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale") public LocaleResolver localeResolver() { if (this.mvcProperties .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) { return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale()); } AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver(); localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale()); return localeResolver; } 默認的就是根據請求頭帶來的區域信息獲取Locale進行國際化
4)、點擊連接切換國際化
/** * 能夠在鏈接上攜帶區域信息 */ public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver { @Override public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) { String l = request.getParameter("l"); Locale locale = Locale.getDefault(); if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){ String[] split = l.split("_"); locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]); } return locale; } @Override public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) { } } @Bean public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){ return new MyLocaleResolver(); } }
3)、登錄
開發期間模板引擎頁面修改之後,要實時生效
1)、禁用模板引擎的緩存
# 禁用緩存 spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
2)、頁面修改完成之後ctrl+f9:從新編譯;
登錄錯誤消息的顯示
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
4)、攔截器進行登錄檢查
攔截器
/** * 登錄檢查, */ public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { //目標方法執行以前 @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser"); if(user == null){ //未登錄,返回登錄頁面 request.setAttribute("msg","沒有權限請先登錄"); request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response); return false; }else{ //已登錄,放行請求 return true; } } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { }
}
註冊攔截器
//全部的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一塊兒起做用 @Bean //將組件註冊在容器 public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){ WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login"); registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard"); } //註冊攔截器 @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { //super.addInterceptors(registry); //靜態資源; *.css , *.js //SpringBoot已經作好了靜態資源映射 registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**") .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login"); } }; return adapter; }
5)、CRUD-員工列表
實驗要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD知足Rest風格;
URI: /資源名稱/資源標識 HTTP請求方式區分對資源CRUD操做
2)、實驗的請求架構;
3)、員工列表:
thymeleaf公共頁面元素抽取
1、抽取公共片斷 <div th:fragment="copy"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div> 2、引入公共片斷 <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div> ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器 ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片斷名 3、默認效果: insert的公共片斷在div標籤中 若是使用th:insert等屬性進行引入,能夠不用寫~{}: 行內寫法能夠加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];
三種引入公共片斷的th屬性:
th:insert:將公共片斷整個插入到聲明引入的元素中
th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換爲公共片斷
th:include:將被引入的片斷的內容包含進這個標籤中
<footer th:fragment="copy"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> 引入方式 <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div> <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div> <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div> 效果 <div> <footer> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> </div> <footer> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer> <div> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div>
引入片斷的時候傳入參數:
<nav class="col‐md‐2 d‐none d‐md‐block bg‐light sidebar" id="sidebar"> <div class="sidebar‐sticky"> <ul class="nav flex‐column"> <li class="nav‐item"> <a class="nav‐link active" th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav‐link active':'nav‐link'}" href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke‐width="2" stroke‐ linecap="round" stroke‐linejoin="round" class="feather feather‐home"> <path d="M3 9l9‐7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1‐2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1‐2‐2z"></path> <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline> </svg> Dashboard <span class="sr‐only">(current)</span> </a> </li> <!‐‐引入側邊欄;傳入參數‐‐> <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>
6)、CRUD-員工添加
添加頁面
<form> <div class="form‐group"> <label>LastName</label> <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>Email</label> <input type="email" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com"> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>Gender</label><br/> <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline"> <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"> <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label> </div> <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline"> <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"> <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label> </div> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>department</label> <select class="form‐control"> <option>1</option> <option>2</option> <option>3</option> <option>4</option> <option>5</option> </select> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>Birth</label> <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary">添加</button> </form>
提交的數據格式不對:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC將頁面提交的值須要轉換爲指定的類型;
2017-12-12---Date; 類型轉換,格式化;
默認日期是按照/的方式;
7)、CRUD-員工修改
修改添加二合一表單
<!‐‐須要區分是員工修改仍是添加;‐‐> <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post"> <!‐‐發送put請求修改員工數據‐‐> <!‐‐ 1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動配置好的) 2、頁面建立一個post表單 三、建立一個input項,name="_method";值就是咱們指定的請求方式 ‐‐> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/> <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}"> <div class="form‐group"> <label>LastName</label> <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}"> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>Email</label> <input name="email" type="email" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}"> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>Gender</label><br/> <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline"> <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}"> <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label> </div> <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline"> <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}"> <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label> </div> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>department</label> <!‐‐提交的是部門的id‐‐> <select class="form‐control" name="department.id"> <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option> </select> </div> <div class="form‐group"> <label>Birth</label> <input name="birth" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加 </button> </form>
8)、CRUD-員工刪除
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}"> <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td> <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td> <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td> <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td> <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td> <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}"></td> <td> <a class="btn btn‐sm btn‐primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a> <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn‐sm btn‐danger deleteBtn">刪除</button> </td> </tr> <script> $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){ //刪除當前員工的 $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit(); return false; }); </script>
七、錯誤處理機制
1)、SpringBoot默認的錯誤處理機制
默認效果:
1)、瀏覽器,返回一個默認的錯誤頁面
瀏覽器發送請求的請求頭:
原理:
能夠參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;錯誤處理的自動配置;
給容器中添加了如下組件
一、DefaultErrorAttributes:
幫咱們在頁面共享信息; @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>(); errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date()); addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); return errorAttributes; }
二、BasicErrorController:處理默認/error請求
@Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//產生html類型的數據;瀏覽器發送的請求來到這個方法處理 public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); //去哪一個頁面做爲錯誤頁面;包含頁面地址和頁面內容 ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody //產生json數據,其餘客戶端來到這個方法處理; public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status); }
三、ErrorPageCustomizer:
@Value("${error.path:/error}") private String path = "/error"; 系統出現錯誤之後來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml註冊的錯誤頁 面規則)
四、DefaultErrorViewResolver:
@Override public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { //默認SpringBoot能夠去找到一個頁面? error/404 String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; //模板引擎能夠解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析 TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext); if (provider != null) { //模板引擎可用的狀況下返回到errorViewName指定的視圖地址 return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model); } //模板引擎不可用,就在靜態資源文件夾下找errorViewName對應的頁面 error/404.html return resolveResource(errorViewName, model); }
步驟:
一但系統出現4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定製錯誤的響應規則);就會來到/error
請求;就會被BasicErrorController處理;
1)響應頁面;去哪一個頁面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析獲得的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { //全部的ErrorViewResolver獲得ModelAndView for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); if (modelAndView != null) { return modelAndView; } } return null; }
2)、若是定製錯誤響應:
1)、如何定製錯誤的頁面;
1)、有模板引擎的狀況下;error/狀態碼; 【將錯誤頁面命名爲 錯誤狀態碼.html 放在模板引擎文件夾裏面的
error文件夾下】,發生此狀態碼的錯誤就會來到 對應的頁面;
咱們可使用4xx和5xx做爲錯誤頁面的文件名來匹配這種類型的全部錯誤,精確優先(優先尋找精確的狀態
碼.html);
頁面能獲取的信息;
timestamp:時間戳
status:狀態碼
error:錯誤提示
exception:異常對象
message:異常消息
errors:JSR303數據校驗的錯誤都在這裏
2)、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態資源文件夾下找;
3)、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是默認來到SpringBoot默認的錯誤提示頁面;
2)、如何定製錯誤的json數據;
1)、自定義異常處理&返回定製json數據;
@ControllerAdvice public class MyExceptionHandler { @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message",e.getMessage()); return map; } } //沒有自適應效果...
2)、轉發到/error進行自適應響應效果處理
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); //傳入咱們本身的錯誤狀態碼 4xx 5xx,不然就不會進入定製錯誤頁面的解析流程 /** * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code"); */ request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500); map.put("code","user.notexist"); map.put("message",e.getMessage()); //轉發到/error return "forward:/error"; }
3)、將咱們的定製數據攜帶出去;
出現錯誤之後,會來到/error請求,會被BasicErrorController處理,響應出去能夠獲取的數據是由
getErrorAttributes獲得的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規定的方法);
一、徹底來編寫一個ErrorController的實現類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中;
二、頁面上能用的數據,或者是json返回能用的數據都是經過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes獲得;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默認進行數據處理的;
自定義ErrorAttributes
//給容器中加入咱們本身定義的ErrorAttributes @Component public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes { @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); map.put("company","atguigu"); return map; } }
最終的效果:響應是自適應的,能夠經過定製ErrorAttributes改變須要返回的內容,
八、配置嵌入式Servlet容器
SpringBoot默認使用Tomcat做爲嵌入式的Servlet容器;
問題?
1)、如何定製和修改Servlet容器的相關配置;
一、修改和server有關的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
server.port=8081 server.context‐path=/crud server.tomcat.uri‐encoding=UTF‐8 //通用的Servlet容器設置 server.xxx //Tomcat的設置 server.tomcat.xxx
二、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定製器;來修改Servlet容器的
配置
@Bean //必定要將這個定製器加入到容器中 public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){ return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() { //定製嵌入式的Servlet容器相關的規則 @Override public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { container.setPort(8083); } }; }
2)、註冊Servlet三大組件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
因爲SpringBoot默認是以jar包的方式啓動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啓動SpringBoot的web應用,沒有web.xml文
件。
註冊三大組件用如下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
//註冊三大組件 @Bean public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet"); return registrationBean; }
FilterRegistrationBean
@Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){ FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter()); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet")); return registrationBean; }
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){ ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener()); return registrationBean; }
SpringBoot幫咱們自動SpringMVC的時候,自動的註冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration( DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) { ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean( dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping()); //默認攔截: / 全部請求;包靜態資源,可是不攔截jsp請求; /*會攔截jsp //能夠經過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器默認攔截的請求路徑 registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); registration.setLoadOnStartup( this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); if (this.multipartConfig != null) { registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig); } return registration; }
2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其餘的Servlet容器;
3)、替換爲其餘嵌入式Servlet容器
默認支持:
Tomcat(默認使用)
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
引入web模塊默認就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat做爲Servlet容器;
</dependency>
Jetty
<!‐‐ 引入web模塊 ‐‐> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!‐‐引入其餘的Servlet容器‐‐> <dependency> <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jetty</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
Undertow
<!‐‐ 引入web模塊 ‐‐> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency>
<!‐‐引入其餘的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐undertow</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自動配置原理;
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置?
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) //導入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring註解版;給容器中導入一些組件 //導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor: //後置處理器:bean初始化先後(建立完對象,還沒賦值賦值)執行初始化工做 public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當前是否引入了Tomcat依賴; @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判斷當前容器沒有用戶本身定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的 Servlet容器工廠;做用:建立嵌入式的Servlet容器 public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } }
/**
* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory { //獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器 EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers); }
2)EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容
3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory爲例
@Override public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer( ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { //建立一個Tomcat Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); //配置Tomcat的基本環節 File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
//將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer;而且啓動Tomcat服務器
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}
4)、咱們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎麼生效?
ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定製器幫咱們修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎麼修改的原理?
5)、容器中導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
//初始化以前 @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { //若是當前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer類型的組件 if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) { // postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean); } return bean; } private void postProcessBeforeInitialization( ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) { //獲取全部的定製器,調用每個定製器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值; for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) { customizer.customize(bean); } } private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() { if (this.customizers == null) { // Look up does not include the parent context this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>( this.beanFactory //從容器中獲取全部這葛類型的組件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer //定製Servlet容器,給容器中能夠添加一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類型的組件 .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class, false, false) .values()); Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers); } return this.customizers; } ServerProperties也是定製器
步驟:
1)、SpringBoot根據導入的依賴狀況,給容器中添加相應的
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某個組件要建立對象就會驚動後置處理器;
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠,後置處理器就工做;
3)、後置處理器,從容器中獲取全部的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,調用定製器的定製方法
5)、嵌入式Servlet容器啓動原理;
何時建立嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠?何時獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器並啓動Tomcat;
獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
1)、SpringBoot應用啓動運行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【建立IOC容器對象,並初始化容器,建立容器中的每一
個組件】;若是是web應用建立AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,不然:
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context);刷新剛纔建立好的ioc容器;
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { // Prepare this context for refreshing. prepareRefresh(); // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory. ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); try { // Allows post‐processing of the bean factory in context subclasses. postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context. invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation. registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); // Initialize message source for this context. initMessageSource(); // Initialize event multicaster for this context. initApplicationEventMulticaster(); // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses. onRefresh(); // Check for listener beans and register them. registerListeners(); // Instantiate all remaining (non‐lazy‐init) singletons. finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); // Last step: publish corresponding event. finishRefresh(); } catch (BeansException ex) { if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization ‐ " + "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); } // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources. destroyBeans(); // Reset 'active' flag. cancelRefresh(ex); // Propagate exception to caller. throw ex; } finally { // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore... resetCommonCaches(); } } }
4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法
5)、webioc容器會建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();
6)、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 組件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory建立
對象,後置處理器一看是這個對象,就獲取全部的定製器來先定製Servlet容器的相關配置;
7)、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器建立對象並啓動Servlet容器;
先啓動嵌入式的Servlet容器,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有建立出的對象獲取出來;
IOC容器啓動建立嵌入式的Servlet容器
九、使用外置的Servlet容器
嵌入式Servlet容器:應用打成可執行的jar
優勢:簡單、便攜;
缺點:默認不支持JSP、優化定製比較複雜(使用定製器【ServerProperties、自定義
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,本身編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的建立工廠
【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應用war包的方式打包;
步驟
1)、必須建立一個war項目;(利用idea建立好目錄結構)
2)、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定爲provided;
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
3)、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類,並調用configure方法
public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer { @Override protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) { //傳入SpringBoot應用的主程序 return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class); } }
4)、啓動服務器就可使用;
原理
jar包:執行SpringBoot主類的main方法,啓動ioc容器,建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:啓動服務器,服務器啓動SpringBoot應用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,啓動ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring註解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
規則:
1)、服務器啓動(web應用啓動)會建立當前web應用裏面每個jar包裏面ServletContainerInitializer實例:
2)、ServletContainerInitializer的實現放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下,有一個名爲
javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,內容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現類的全類名
3)、還可使用@HandlesTypes,在應用啓動的時候加載咱們感興趣的類;
流程:
1)、啓動Tomcat
2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\METAINF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模塊裏面有這個文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標註的全部這個類型
的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set>;爲這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類建立實例;
4)、每個WebApplicationInitializer都調用本身的onStartup;
5)、至關於咱們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被建立對象,並執行onStartup方法
6)、SpringBootServletInitializer實例執行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;建立容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext( ServletContext servletContext) { //一、建立SpringApplicationBuilder SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder(); StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment(); environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null); builder.environment(environment); builder.main(getClass()); ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext); if (parent != null) { this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent)."); servletContext.setAttribute( WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null); builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent)); } builder.initializers( new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext)); builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class); //調用configure方法,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程序類傳入了進來 builder = configure(builder); //使用builder建立一個Spring應用 SpringApplication application = builder.build(); if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) { application.getSources().add(getClass()); } Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(), "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the " + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation"); // Ensure error pages are registered if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) { application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class); } //啓動Spring應用 return run(application); }
7)、Spring的應用就啓動而且建立IOC容器
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null; configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments( args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); //刷新IOC容器 refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); listeners.finished(context, null); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass) .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } return context; } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } }
啓動Servlet容器,再啓動SpringBoot應用