SpringBoot---web開發


一、簡介
使用SpringBoot;
1)、建立SpringBoot應用,選中咱們須要的模塊;
2)、SpringBoot已經默認將這些場景配置好了,只須要在配置文件中指定少許配置就能夠運行起來
3)、本身編寫業務代碼;
自動配置原理?
這個場景SpringBoot幫咱們配置了什麼?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能擴展?xxxcss

xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫咱們給容器中自動配置組件;
xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置文件的內容;

 二、SpringBoot對靜態資源的映射規則html

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
//能夠設置和靜態資源有關的參數,緩存時間等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META‐INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//靜態資源文件夾映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
//配置歡迎頁映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
//配置喜歡的圖標
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)

public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//全部 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new
ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}前端

1)、全部 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找資源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入靜態資源;
http://www.webjars.org/java

 

 

 

localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.jsjquery

<!‐‐引入jquery‐webjar‐‐>在訪問的時候只須要寫webjars下面資源的名稱便可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

2)、"/**" 訪問當前項目的任何資源,都去(靜態資源的文件夾)找映射web

"classpath:/META‐INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":當前項目的根路徑

localhost:8080/abc === 去靜態資源文件夾裏面找abc
3)、歡迎頁; 靜態資源文件夾下的全部index.html頁面;被"/**"映射;
localhost:8080/ 找index頁面
4)、全部的 **/favicon.ico 都是在靜態資源文件下找; spring

三、模板引擎
JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleafexpress

 

 

 

SpringBoot推薦的Thymeleaf;
語法更簡單,功能更強大; json

一、引入thymeleaf;bootstrap

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切換thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!‐‐ 佈局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 ‐‐>
<!‐‐ thymeleaf2 layout1‐‐>
<thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>
</properties>

二、Thymeleaf使用

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF‐8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";

只要咱們把HTML頁面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自動渲染;
使用:
一、導入thymeleaf的名稱空間

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

二、使用thymeleaf語法;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF‐8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>成功!</h1>
<!‐‐th:text 將div裏面的文本內容設置爲 ‐‐>
<div th:text="${hello}">這是顯示歡迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

三、語法規則
1)、th:text;改變當前元素裏面的文本內容;
th:任意html屬性;來替換原生屬性的值

 

 

 2)、表達式?

Simple expressions:(表達式語法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:獲取變量值;OGNL;
1)、獲取對象的屬性、調用方法
2)、使用內置的基本對象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、內置的一些工具對象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the
same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a
result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:選擇表達式:和${}在功能上是同樣;
補充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:獲取國際化內容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定義URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片斷引用表達式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操做)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(數學運算)
Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): ‐
Boolean operations:(布爾運算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比較運算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:條件運算(三元運算符)
If‐then: (if) ? (then)
If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No‐Operation: _

四、SpringMVC自動配置

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developingweb-applications
1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
Spring Boot 自動配置好了SpringMVC
如下是SpringBoot對SpringMVC的默認配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
自動配置了ViewResolver(視圖解析器:根據方法的返回值獲得視圖對象(View),視圖對象決定如何
渲染(轉發?重定向?))
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:組合全部的視圖解析器的;
如何定製:咱們能夠本身給容器中添加一個視圖解析器;自動的將其組合進來;
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).靜態資源文件夾路
徑,webjars
Static index.html support. 靜態首頁訪問
Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
自動註冊了 of Converter , GenericConverter , Formatter beans.
Converter:轉換器; public String hello(User user):類型轉換使用Converter
Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;

@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格
式化的規則
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化組件
}

本身添加的格式化器轉換器,咱們只須要放在容器中便可

Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用來轉換Http請求和響應的;User---Json;
HttpMessageConverters 是從容器中肯定;獲取全部的HttpMessageConverter;
本身給容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只須要將本身的組件註冊容器中
(@Bean,@Component)
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定義錯誤代碼生成規則
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
咱們能夠配置一個ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer來替換默認的;(添加到容器)

初始化WebDataBinder;
請求數據=====JavaBean;

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的全部自動場景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration
(interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter , but without @EnableWebMvc . If you wish to provide custom instances of
RequestMappingHandlerMapping , RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with
@EnableWebMvc

二、擴展SpringMVC

<mvc:view‐controller path="/hello" view‐name="success"/>
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
<bean></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

編寫一個配置類(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter類型;不能標註@EnableWebMvc;
既保留了全部的自動配置,也能用咱們擴展的配置;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}

原理:
1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自動配置類
2)、在作其餘自動配置時會導入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
//從容器中獲取全部的WebMvcConfigurer
@Autowired(required = false)
public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
//一個參考實現;將全部的WebMvcConfigurer相關配置都來一塊兒調用;
@Override
// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
// }
}
}
}

3)、容器中全部的WebMvcConfigurer都會一塊兒起做用;
4)、咱們的配置類也會被調用;
效果:SpringMVC的自動配置和咱們的擴展配置都會起做用;
三、全面接管SpringMVC;
SpringBoot對SpringMVC的自動配置不須要了,全部都是咱們本身配置;全部的SpringMVC的自動配置都失效了
咱們須要在配置類中添加@EnableWebMvc便可;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
}

原理:
爲何@EnableWebMvc自動配置就失效了;

 

1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {

2)、

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

3)、

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中沒有這個組件的時候,這個自動配置類才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)、@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport組件導入進來;
5)、導入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

五、如何修改SpringBoot的默認配置
模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自動配置不少組件的時候,先看容器中有沒有用戶本身配置的(@Bean、@Component)如
果有就用用戶配置的,若是沒有,才自動配置;若是有些組件能夠有多個(ViewResolver)將用戶配置的和本身默
認的組合起來;
2)、在SpringBoot中會有很是多的xxxConfigurer幫助咱們進行擴展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中會有不少的xxxCustomizer幫助咱們進行定製配置
六、RestfulCRUD
1)、默認訪問首頁

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter能夠來擴展SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
// super.addViewControllers(registry);
//瀏覽器發送 /atguigu 請求來到 success
registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
}
//全部的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一塊兒起做用
@Bean //將組件註冊在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
}
};
return adapter;
}
}

2)、國際化
1)、編寫國際化配置文件;
2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理國際化資源文件
3)、在頁面使用fmt:message取出國際化內容
步驟:
1)、編寫國際化配置文件,抽取頁面須要顯示的國際化消息

 

 

 2)、SpringBoot自動配置好了管理國際化資源文件的組件;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
/**
* Comma‐separated list of basenames (essentially a fully‐qualified classpath
* location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
* slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
* "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
*/
private String basename = "messages";
//咱們的配置文件能夠直接放在類路徑下叫messages.properties;
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
//設置國際化資源文件的基礎名(去掉語言國家代碼的)
messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
}
if (this.encoding != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
}
messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
return messageSource;
}

3)、去頁面獲取國際化的值;

 

 

 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http‐equiv="Content‐Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF‐8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device‐width, initial‐scale=1, shrink‐to‐
fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<!‐‐ Bootstrap core CSS ‐‐>
<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css"
th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!‐‐ Custom styles for this template ‐‐>
<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}"
rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text‐center">
<form class="form‐signin" action="dashboard.html">
<img class="mb‐4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg}"
src="asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb‐3 font‐weight‐normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign
in</h1>
<label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#
{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form‐control" placeholder="Password"
th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb‐3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember‐me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn‐lg btn‐primary btn‐block" type="submit" th:text="#
{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
<p class="mt‐5 mb‐3 text‐muted">© 2017‐2018</p>
<a class="btn btn‐sm">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn‐sm">English</a>
</form>
</body>
</html>

效果:根據瀏覽器語言設置的信息切換了國際化;
原理:
國際化Locale(區域信息對象);LocaleResolver(獲取區域信息對象);

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
if (this.mvcProperties
.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
}
AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
return localeResolver;
}
默認的就是根據請求頭帶來的區域信息獲取Locale進行國際化

4)、點擊連接切換國際化

/**
* 能夠在鏈接上攜帶區域信息
*/
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
String l = request.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
String[] split = l.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale
locale) {
}
}
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
}

3)、登錄
開發期間模板引擎頁面修改之後,要實時生效

1)、禁用模板引擎的緩存

# 禁用緩存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

2)、頁面修改完成之後ctrl+f9:從新編譯;
登錄錯誤消息的顯示

<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

4)、攔截器進行登錄檢查
攔截器

/**
* 登錄檢查,
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//目標方法執行以前
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler) throws Exception {
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if(user == null){
//未登錄,返回登錄頁面
request.setAttribute("msg","沒有權限請先登錄");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else{
//已登錄,放行請求
return true;
}
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object
handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
}
}

註冊攔截器

//全部的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter組件都會一塊兒起做用
@Bean //將組件註冊在容器
public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
}
//註冊攔截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
//super.addInterceptors(registry);
//靜態資源; *.css , *.js
//SpringBoot已經作好了靜態資源映射
registry.addInterceptor(new
LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
}
};
return adapter;
}

5)、CRUD-員工列表
實驗要求:
1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD知足Rest風格;
URI: /資源名稱/資源標識 HTTP請求方式區分對資源CRUD操做

 

 

 2)、實驗的請求架構;

 

 

 

3)、員工列表:
thymeleaf公共頁面元素抽取

1、抽取公共片斷
<div th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
2、引入公共片斷
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
~{templatename::selector}:模板名::選擇器
~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片斷名
3、默認效果:
insert的公共片斷在div標籤中
若是使用th:insert等屬性進行引入,能夠不用寫~{}:
行內寫法能夠加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

三種引入公共片斷的th屬性:
th:insert:將公共片斷整個插入到聲明引入的元素中
th:replace:將聲明引入的元素替換爲公共片斷
th:include:將被引入的片斷的內容包含進這個標籤中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
效果
<div>
<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
</div>
<footer>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
<div>
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

引入片斷的時候傳入參數:

<nav class="col‐md‐2 d‐none d‐md‐block bg‐light sidebar" id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar‐sticky">
<ul class="nav flex‐column">
<li class="nav‐item">
<a class="nav‐link active"
th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav‐link active':'nav‐link'}"
href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"
viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke‐width="2" stroke‐
linecap="round" stroke‐linejoin="round" class="feather feather‐home">
<path d="M3 9l9‐7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1‐2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1‐2‐2z"></path>
<polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
</svg>
Dashboard <span class="sr‐only">(current)</span>
</a>
</li>
<!‐‐引入側邊欄;傳入參數‐‐>
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

6)、CRUD-員工添加
添加頁面

<form>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
<input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
<label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
<input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
<label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form‐control">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary">添加</button>
</form>

提交的數據格式不對:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC將頁面提交的值須要轉換爲指定的類型;
2017-12-12---Date; 類型轉換,格式化;
默認日期是按照/的方式;

7)、CRUD-員工修改
修改添加二合一表單

<!‐‐須要區分是員工修改仍是添加;‐‐>
<form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
<!‐‐發送put請求修改員工數據‐‐>
<!‐‐
1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自動配置好的)
2、頁面建立一個post表單
三、建立一個input項,name="_method";值就是咱們指定的請求方式
‐‐>
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
<input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
<div class="form‐group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input name="lastName" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"
th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>Email</label>
<input name="email" type="email" class="form‐control"
placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
<input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"
th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
<label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
<input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"
th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
<label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>department</label>
<!‐‐提交的是部門的id‐‐>
<select class="form‐control" name="department.id">
<option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}"
th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form‐group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input name="birth" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"
th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加
</button>
</form>

8)、CRUD-員工刪除

<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
<td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
<td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
<td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}"></td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn‐sm btn‐primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">編輯</a>
<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn‐sm btn‐danger
deleteBtn">刪除</button>
</td>
</tr>
<script>
$(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
//刪除當前員工的
$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
return false;
});
</script>

七、錯誤處理機制
1)、SpringBoot默認的錯誤處理機制
默認效果:
1)、瀏覽器,返回一個默認的錯誤頁面

 

 

 瀏覽器發送請求的請求頭:

 

 

 

 

 

 

原理:
能夠參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;錯誤處理的自動配置;
給容器中添加了如下組件
一、DefaultErrorAttributes:

幫咱們在頁面共享信息;
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
return errorAttributes;
}

二、BasicErrorController:處理默認/error請求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//產生html類型的數據;瀏覽器發送的請求來到這個方法處理
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
//去哪一個頁面做爲錯誤頁面;包含頁面地址和頁面內容
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody //產生json數據,其餘客戶端來到這個方法處理;
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}

三、ErrorPageCustomizer:

@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系統出現錯誤之後來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml註冊的錯誤頁
面規則)

四、DefaultErrorViewResolver:

@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//默認SpringBoot能夠去找到一個頁面? error/404
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
//模板引擎能夠解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
//模板引擎可用的狀況下返回到errorViewName指定的視圖地址
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//模板引擎不可用,就在靜態資源文件夾下找errorViewName對應的頁面 error/404.html
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}

步驟:
一但系統出現4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定製錯誤的響應規則);就會來到/error
請求;就會被BasicErrorController處理;
1)響應頁面;去哪一個頁面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析獲得的;

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//全部的ErrorViewResolver獲得ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}

2)、若是定製錯誤響應:
1)、如何定製錯誤的頁面;
1)、有模板引擎的狀況下;error/狀態碼; 【將錯誤頁面命名爲 錯誤狀態碼.html 放在模板引擎文件夾裏面的
error文件夾下】,發生此狀態碼的錯誤就會來到 對應的頁面;
咱們可使用4xx和5xx做爲錯誤頁面的文件名來匹配這種類型的全部錯誤,精確優先(優先尋找精確的狀態
碼.html);
頁面能獲取的信息;
timestamp:時間戳
status:狀態碼
error:錯誤提示
exception:異常對象
message:異常消息
errors:JSR303數據校驗的錯誤都在這裏
2)、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態資源文件夾下找;
3)、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是默認來到SpringBoot默認的錯誤提示頁面;
2)、如何定製錯誤的json數據;
1)、自定義異常處理&返回定製json數據;

@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
return map;
}
}
//沒有自適應效果...

2)、轉發到/error進行自適應響應效果處理

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
//傳入咱們本身的錯誤狀態碼 4xx 5xx,不然就不會進入定製錯誤頁面的解析流程
/**
* Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
.getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
*/
request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
map.put("code","user.notexist");
map.put("message",e.getMessage());
//轉發到/error
return "forward:/error";
}

3)、將咱們的定製數據攜帶出去;
出現錯誤之後,會來到/error請求,會被BasicErrorController處理,響應出去能夠獲取的數據是由
getErrorAttributes獲得的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規定的方法);
一、徹底來編寫一個ErrorController的實現類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中;
二、頁面上能用的數據,或者是json返回能用的數據都是經過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes獲得;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默認進行數據處理的;
自定義ErrorAttributes

//給容器中加入咱們本身定義的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes,
includeStackTrace);
map.put("company","atguigu");
return map;
}
}

最終的效果:響應是自適應的,能夠經過定製ErrorAttributes改變須要返回的內容,

 

 

 

八、配置嵌入式Servlet容器
SpringBoot默認使用Tomcat做爲嵌入式的Servlet容器;

 

 

 

問題?
1)、如何定製和修改Servlet容器的相關配置;
一、修改和server有關的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context‐path=/crud
server.tomcat.uri‐encoding=UTF‐8
//通用的Servlet容器設置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的設置
server.tomcat.xxx

二、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定製器;來修改Servlet容器的
配置

@Bean //必定要將這個定製器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
//定製嵌入式的Servlet容器相關的規則
@Override
public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
container.setPort(8083);
}
};
}

2)、註冊Servlet三大組件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
因爲SpringBoot默認是以jar包的方式啓動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啓動SpringBoot的web應用,沒有web.xml文
件。
註冊三大組件用如下方式
ServletRegistrationBean

//註冊三大組件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new
MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new
ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot幫咱們自動SpringMVC的時候,自動的註冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name =
DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
//默認攔截: / 全部請求;包靜態資源,可是不攔截jsp請求; /*會攔截jsp
//能夠經過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器默認攔截的請求路徑
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(
this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
}
return registration;
}

2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其餘的Servlet容器;
3)、替換爲其餘嵌入式Servlet容器

 

 

 

默認支持:
Tomcat(默認使用)

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
引入web模塊默認就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat做爲Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!‐‐ 引入web模塊 ‐‐>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!‐‐引入其餘的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jetty</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!‐‐ 引入web模塊 ‐‐>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

<!‐‐引入其餘的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐undertow</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自動配置原理;
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//導入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring註解版;給容器中導入一些組件
//導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//後置處理器:bean初始化先後(建立完對象,還沒賦值賦值)執行初始化工做
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當前是否引入了Tomcat依賴;
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判斷當前容器沒有用戶本身定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的
Servlet容器工廠;做用:建立嵌入式的Servlet容器
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory()
{
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
/**
* Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
WebAppContext.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedJetty {
@Bean
public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}

/**
* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}

 

1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
//獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}

 

 

 2)EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容

 

 

 3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory爲例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//建立一個Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
//配置Tomcat的基本環節
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory

: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
//將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer;而且啓動Tomcat服務器
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)、咱們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎麼生效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定製器幫咱們修改了Servlet容器的配置?
怎麼修改的原理?
5)、容器中導入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化以前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
//若是當前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer類型的組件
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
//
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//獲取全部的定製器,調用每個定製器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值;
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
this.beanFactory
//從容器中獲取全部這葛類型的組件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
//定製Servlet容器,給容器中能夠添加一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer類型的組件
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}
ServerProperties也是定製器

步驟:
1)、SpringBoot根據導入的依賴狀況,給容器中添加相應的
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某個組件要建立對象就會驚動後置處理器;
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠,後置處理器就工做;
3)、後置處理器,從容器中獲取全部的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,調用定製器的定製方法
5)、嵌入式Servlet容器啓動原理;
何時建立嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠?何時獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器並啓動Tomcat;
獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
1)、SpringBoot應用啓動運行run方法
2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【建立IOC容器對象,並初始化容器,建立容器中的每一
個組件】;若是是web應用建立AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,不然:
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3)、refresh(context);刷新剛纔建立好的ioc容器;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post‐processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non‐lazy‐init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization ‐ " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}

4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器會建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();
6)、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 組件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory建立
對象,後置處理器一看是這個對象,就獲取全部的定製器來先定製Servlet容器的相關配置;
7)、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器建立對象並啓動Servlet容器;
先啓動嵌入式的Servlet容器,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有建立出的對象獲取出來;
IOC容器啓動建立嵌入式的Servlet容器
九、使用外置的Servlet容器
嵌入式Servlet容器:應用打成可執行的jar
優勢:簡單、便攜;
缺點:默認不支持JSP、優化定製比較複雜(使用定製器【ServerProperties、自定義
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,本身編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的建立工廠
【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
外置的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應用war包的方式打包;
步驟
1)、必須建立一個war項目;(利用idea建立好目錄結構)
2)、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定爲provided;

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類,並調用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
//傳入SpringBoot應用的主程序
return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
}
}

4)、啓動服務器就可使用;
原理
jar包:執行SpringBoot主類的main方法,啓動ioc容器,建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:啓動服務器,服務器啓動SpringBoot應用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,啓動ioc容器;
servlet3.0(Spring註解版):
8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
規則:
1)、服務器啓動(web應用啓動)會建立當前web應用裏面每個jar包裏面ServletContainerInitializer實例:
2)、ServletContainerInitializer的實現放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夾下,有一個名爲
javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,內容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現類的全類名
3)、還可使用@HandlesTypes,在應用啓動的時候加載咱們感興趣的類;
流程:
1)、啓動Tomcat
2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\METAINF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模塊裏面有這個文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標註的全部這個類型
的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set>;爲這些WebApplicationInitializer類型的類建立實例;
4)、每個WebApplicationInitializer都調用本身的onStartup;

 

 

 5)、至關於咱們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被建立對象,並執行onStartup方法

 

 

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer實例執行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;建立容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
ServletContext servletContext) {
//一、建立SpringApplicationBuilder
SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
builder.environment(environment);
builder.main(getClass());
ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
if (parent != null) {
this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
servletContext.setAttribute(
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
}
builder.initializers(
new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
//調用configure方法,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程序類傳入了進來
builder = configure(builder);
//使用builder建立一個Spring應用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
application.getSources().add(getClass());
}
Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
}
//啓動Spring應用
return run(application);
}

7)、Spring的應用就啓動而且建立IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
//刷新IOC容器
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}

啓動Servlet容器,再啓動SpringBoot應用

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