本文將詳細介紹Mybatis SQL語句執行的全流程,本文與上篇具備必定的關聯性,建議先閱讀該系列中的前面3篇文章,重點掌握Mybatis Mapper類的初始化過程,由於在Mybatis中,Mapper是執行SQL語句的入口,相似下面這段代碼:java
@Service
public UserService implements IUserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
public User findUser(Integer id) {
return userMapper.find(id);
}
}
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開始進入本文的主題,以源碼爲手段,分析Mybatis執行SQL語句的流行,而且使用了數據庫分庫分表中間件sharding-jdbc,其版本爲sharding-jdbc1.4.1。spring
爲了方便你們對本文的源碼分析,先給出Mybatis層面核心類的方法調用序列圖。sql
接下來從從源碼的角度對其進行剖析。數據庫
舒適提示:在本文的末尾,還會給出一張詳細的Mybatis Shardingjdbc語句執行流程圖。(請勿錯過哦)。緩存
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
try {
return method.invoke(this, args);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
}
}
final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method); // @1
return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args); // @2
}
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代碼@1:建立並緩存MapperMethod對象。mybatis
代碼@2:調用MapperMethod對象的execute方法,即mapperInterface中定義的每個方法最終會對應一個MapperMethod。併發
public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
Object result;
if (SqlCommandType.INSERT == command.getType()) {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
} else if (SqlCommandType.UPDATE == command.getType()) {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
} else if (SqlCommandType.DELETE == command.getType()) {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
} else if (SqlCommandType.SELECT == command.getType()) {
if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {
executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
result = null;
} else if (method.returnsMany()) {
result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsMap()) {
result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
} else {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
}
} else {
throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
}
if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName()
+ " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ").");
}
return result;
}
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該方法主要是根據SQL類型,insert、update、select等操做,執行對應的邏輯,本文咱們以查詢語句,進行跟蹤,進入executeForMany(sqlSession, args)方法。app
private <E> Object executeForMany(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
List<E> result;
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
if (method.hasRowBounds()) {
RowBounds rowBounds = method.extractRowBounds(args);
result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param, rowBounds);
} else {
result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param);
}
// issue #510 Collections & arrays support
if (!method.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(result.getClass())) {
if (method.getReturnType().isArray()) {
return convertToArray(result);
} else {
return convertToDeclaredCollection(sqlSession.getConfiguration(), result);
}
}
return result;
}
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該方法也比較簡單,最終經過SqlSession調用selectList方法。框架
public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
try {
MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement); // @1
List<E> result = executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER); // @2
return result;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database. Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}
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代碼@1:根據資源名稱獲取對應的MappedStatement對象,此時的statement爲資源名稱,例如com.demo.UserMapper.findUser。至於MappedStatement對象的生成在上一節初始化時已詳細介紹過,此處再也不重複介紹。異步
代碼@2:調用Executor的query方法。這裏說明一下,其實一開始會進入到CachingExecutor#query方法,因爲CachingExecutor的Executor delegate屬性默認是SimpleExecutor,故最終仍是會進入到SimpleExecutor#query中。
接下來咱們進入到SimpleExecutor的父類BaseExecutor的query方法中。
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { // @1
ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
if (closed) throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
clearLocalCache();
}
List<E> list;
try {
queryStack++;
list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null; // @2
if (list != null) {
handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
} else {
list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); // @3
}
} finally {
queryStack--;
}
if (queryStack == 0) {
for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
deferredLoad.load();
}
deferredLoads.clear(); // issue #601
if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) { // @4
clearLocalCache(); // issue #482
}
}
return list;
}
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代碼@1:首先介紹一下該方法的入參,這些類都是Mybatis的重要類:
代碼@2:首先從緩存中獲取,Mybatis支持一級緩存(SqlSession)與二級緩存(多個SqlSession共享)。
代碼@3:從數據庫查詢結果,而後進入到doQuery方法,執行真正的查詢動做。
代碼@4:若是一級緩存是語句級別的,則語句執行完畢後,刪除緩存。
public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); // @1
stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog()); // @2
return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler); // @3
} finally {
closeStatement(stmt);
}
}
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代碼@1:建立StatementHandler,這裏會加入Mybatis的插件擴展機制(將在下篇詳細介紹),如圖所示:
代碼@2:建立Statement對象,注意,這裏就是JDBC協議的java.sql.Statement對象了。代碼@3:使用Statment對象執行SQL語句。
接下來詳細介紹Statement對象的建立過程與執行過程,即分佈詳細跟蹤代碼@2與代碼@3。
private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt;
Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog); // @1
stmt = handler.prepare(connection); // @2
handler.parameterize(stmt); // @3
return stmt;
}
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建立Statement對象,分紅三步: 代碼@1:建立java.sql.Connection對象。
代碼@2:使用Connection對象建立Statment對象。
代碼@3:對Statement進行額外處理,特別是PrepareStatement的參數設置(ParameterHandler)。
getConnection方法,根據上面流程圖所示,先是進入到org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransaction,再經過spring-jdbc框架,利用DataSourceUtils獲取鏈接,其代碼以下:
public static Connection doGetConnection(DataSource dataSource) throws SQLException {
Assert.notNull(dataSource, "No DataSource specified");
ConnectionHolder conHolder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource);
if (conHolder != null && (conHolder.hasConnection() || conHolder.isSynchronizedWithTransaction())) {
conHolder.requested();
if (!conHolder.hasConnection()) {
conHolder.setConnection(dataSource.getConnection());
}
return conHolder.getConnection();
}
// Else we either got no holder or an empty thread-bound holder here.
logger.debug("Fetching JDBC Connection from DataSource");
Connection con = dataSource.getConnection(); // @1
// 這裏省略與事務處理相關的代碼
return con;
}
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代碼@1:經過DataSource獲取connection,那此處的DataSource是「誰」呢?看一下咱們工程的配置:
故最終dataSouce.getConnection獲取的鏈接,是從SpringShardingDataSource中獲取鏈接。
com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.jdbc.ShardingDataSource#getConnection
public ShardingConnection getConnection() throws SQLException {
MetricsContext.init(shardingProperties);
return new ShardingConnection(shardingContext);
}
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返回的結果以下:
備註:這裏只是返回了一個ShardingConnection對象,該對象包含了分庫分表上下文,但此時並無執行具體的分庫操做(切換數據源)。Connection的獲取流程清楚後,咱們繼續來看一下Statemnet對象的建立。
stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
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上面語句的調用鏈:RoutingStatementHandler -》BaseStatementHandler
public Statement prepare(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
ErrorContext.instance().sql(boundSql.getSql());
Statement statement = null;
try {
statement = instantiateStatement(connection); // @1
setStatementTimeout(statement); // @2
setFetchSize(statement); // @3
return statement;
} catch (SQLException e) {
closeStatement(statement);
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
closeStatement(statement);
throw new ExecutorException("Error preparing statement. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
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代碼@1:根據Connection對象(本文中是ShardingConnection)來建立Statement對象,其默認實現類:PreparedStatementHandler#instantiateStatement方法。
代碼@2:爲Statement設置超時時間。
代碼@3:設置fetchSize。
protected Statement instantiateStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
String sql = boundSql.getSql();
if (mappedStatement.getKeyGenerator() instanceof Jdbc3KeyGenerator) {
String[] keyColumnNames = mappedStatement.getKeyColumns();
if (keyColumnNames == null) {
return connection.prepareStatement(sql, PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
} else {
return connection.prepareStatement(sql, keyColumnNames);
}
} else if (mappedStatement.getResultSetType() != null) {
return connection.prepareStatement(sql, mappedStatement.getResultSetType().getValue(), ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
} else {
return connection.prepareStatement(sql);
}
}
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其實Statement對象的建立,就比較簡單了,既然Connection是ShardingConnection,那就看一下其對應的prepareStatement方法便可。
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(final String sql) throws SQLException { // sql,爲配置在mybatis xml文件中的sql語句
return new ShardingPreparedStatement(this, sql);
}
ShardingPreparedStatement(final ShardingConnection shardingConnection,
final String sql, final int resultSetType, final int resultSetConcurrency, final int resultSetHoldability) {
super(shardingConnection, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency, resultSetHoldability);
preparedSQLRouter = shardingConnection.getShardingContext().getSqlRouteEngine().prepareSQL(sql);
}
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在構建ShardingPreparedStatement對象的時候,會根據SQL語句建立解析SQL路由的解析器對象,但此時並不會執行相關的路由計算,PreparedStatement對象建立完成後,就開始進入SQL執行流程中。
接下來咱們繼續看SimpleExecutor#doQuery方法的第3步,執行SQL語句:
handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler)。
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首先會進入RoutingStatementHandler這個類中,進行Mybatis層面的路由(主要是根據Statement類型)
而後進入到PreparedStatementHandler#query中。public <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
ps.execute(); // @1
return resultSetHandler.<E> handleResultSets(ps); // @2
}
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代碼@1:調用PreparedStatement的execute方法,因爲本例是使用了Sharding-jdbc分庫分表,此時調用的具體實現爲:ShardingPreparedStatement。
代碼@2:處理結果。
咱們接下來分別來跟進execute與結果處理方法。
public boolean execute() throws SQLException {
try {
return new PreparedStatementExecutor(getShardingConnection().getShardingContext().getExecutorEngine(), routeSQL()).execute(); // @1
} finally {
clearRouteContext();
}
}
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這裏奧妙無窮,其關鍵點以下: 1)創造PreparedStatementExecutor對象,其兩個核心參數:
2)preparedStatemenWrappers是經過routeSQL方法產生的。
3)最終調用PreparedStatementExecutor方法的execute來執行。
接下來分別看一下routeSQL與execute方法。
private List<PreparedStatementExecutorWrapper> routeSQL() throws SQLException {
List<PreparedStatementExecutorWrapper> result = new ArrayList<>();
SQLRouteResult sqlRouteResult = preparedSQLRouter.route(getParameters()); // @1
MergeContext mergeContext = sqlRouteResult.getMergeContext();
setMergeContext(mergeContext);
setGeneratedKeyContext(sqlRouteResult.getGeneratedKeyContext());
for (SQLExecutionUnit each : sqlRouteResult.getExecutionUnits()) { // @2
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = (PreparedStatement) getStatement(getShardingConnection().getConnection(each.getDataSource(), sqlRouteResult.getSqlStatementType()), each.getSql()); // @3
replayMethodsInvocation(preparedStatement);
getParameters().replayMethodsInvocation(preparedStatement);
result.add(wrap(preparedStatement, each));
}
return result;
}
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代碼@1:根據SQL參數進行路由計算,本文暫不關注其具體實現細節,這些將在具體分析Sharding-jdbc時具體詳解,在這裏就直觀看一下其結果:
代碼@二、@3:對分庫分表的結果進行遍歷,而後使用底層Datasource來建立Connection,建立PreparedStatement 對象。
routeSQL就暫時講到這,從這裏咱們得知,會在這裏根據路由結果,使用底層的具體數據源建立對應的Connection與PreparedStatement 對象。
public boolean execute() {
Context context = MetricsContext.start("ShardingPreparedStatement-execute");
eventPostman.postExecutionEvents();
final boolean isExceptionThrown = ExecutorExceptionHandler.isExceptionThrown();
final Map<String, Object> dataMap = ExecutorDataMap.getDataMap();
try {
if (1 == preparedStatementExecutorWrappers.size()) { // @1
PreparedStatementExecutorWrapper preparedStatementExecutorWrapper = preparedStatementExecutorWrappers.iterator().next();
return executeInternal(preparedStatementExecutorWrapper, isExceptionThrown, dataMap);
}
List<Boolean> result = executorEngine.execute(preparedStatementExecutorWrappers, new ExecuteUnit<PreparedStatementExecutorWrapper, Boolean>() { // @2
@Override
public Boolean execute(final PreparedStatementExecutorWrapper input) throws Exception {
synchronized (input.getPreparedStatement().getConnection()) {
return executeInternal(input, isExceptionThrown, dataMap);
}
}
});
return (null == result || result.isEmpty()) ? false : result.get(0);
} finally {
MetricsContext.stop(context);
}
}
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代碼@1:若是計算出來的路由信息爲1個,則同步執行。
代碼@2:若是計算出來的路由信息有多個,則使用線程池異步執行。
那還有一個問題,經過PreparedStatement#execute方法執行後,如何返回結果呢?特別是異步執行的。
在上文其實已經談到:
public List<Object> handleResultSets(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
ErrorContext.instance().activity("handling results").object(mappedStatement.getId());
final List<Object> multipleResults = new ArrayList<Object>();
int resultSetCount = 0;
ResultSetWrapper rsw = getFirstResultSet(stmt); // @1
//省略部分代碼,完整代碼能夠查看DefaultResultSetHandler方法。
return collapseSingleResultList(multipleResults);
}
private ResultSetWrapper getFirstResultSet(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
ResultSet rs = stmt.getResultSet(); // @2
while (rs == null) {
// move forward to get the first resultset in case the driver
// doesn't return the resultset as the first result (HSQLDB 2.1)
if (stmt.getMoreResults()) {
rs = stmt.getResultSet();
} else {
if (stmt.getUpdateCount() == -1) {
// no more results. Must be no resultset
break;
}
}
}
return rs != null ? new ResultSetWrapper(rs, configuration) : null;
}
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咱們看一下其關鍵代碼以下: 代碼@1:調用Statement#getResultSet()方法,若是使用shardingJdbc,則會調用ShardingStatement#getResultSet(),並會處理分庫分表結果集的合併,在這裏就不詳細進行介紹,該部分會在shardingjdbc專欄詳細分析。
代碼@2:jdbc statement中獲取結果集的通用寫法,這裏也不過多的介紹。
mybatis shardingjdbc SQL執行流程就介紹到這裏了,爲了方便你們對上述流程的理解,最後給出SQL執行的流程圖:
Mybatis Sharding-Jdbc的SQL執行流程就介紹到這裏了,從圖中也能清晰看到Mybatis的拆件機制,將在下文詳細介紹。
做者介紹:《RocketMQ技術內幕》做者,維護公衆號:中間件興趣圈,目前主要發表了源碼閱讀java集合、JUC(java併發包)、Netty、ElasticJob、Mycat、Dubbo、RocketMQ、mybaits等系列源碼。