Maven搭建SpringMVC+Hibernate項目詳解
前言
今天覆習一下SpringMVC+Hibernate的搭建，原本想着將Spring-Security權限控制框架也映入其中的，可是發現內容太多了，Spring-Security的就留在下一篇吧，這篇主要搭建SpringMVC4.1.4和Hibernate4.3.8，以前也打了好多SpringMVC的，這部分已經很是的熟悉了，畢竟業開發過一年多SpringMVC的，此次持久層採用Hibernate，數據源採用c3p0，數據庫暫採用MySQL，主要是想複習一下Hibernate。搭建SpringMVC+Hibernate的框架的思路以下下載地址 ：html
一、設計數據庫：設計好表結構，最好符合3NF，採用Hibernate tools將設計好的表自動生成對應的實體entity。java
一、建立Maven項目，按需映入Maven包依賴。mysql
二、搭建Spring：配置Spring對控件層Bean的注入。web
三、搭建Hibernate：配置數據源，配置SessionFactory，配置事務，以及二級緩存ehcache的配置。spring
四、測試Spring+Hibernate的框架搭建，寫單元測試JUnit，測試事務配置等。sql
五、映入SpringMVC：配置SpringMVC配置信息。數據庫
六、配置web.xml容器express
七、測試三個框架的整合：Maven編譯打包部署服務器，測試。apache
一、數據庫設計
設計一個權限、角色、用戶的表。天然若是一個用戶能夠有多個角色，一個角色多個用戶所擁有；一個角色擁有多個權限，一個權限對應多個角色。因此按照數據庫表結構設計，符合3NF的話咱們須要5張表進行存在。表的具體信息就不列出了（能夠下在源碼，裏面還有數據庫），表關係以下：json
這裏面ID纔用到是java的UUID（36位）
二、建立Maven項目，編寫pom.xml文件
建立一個Maven的webapp項目，編寫pom.xml文件，引入所需的包依賴，我這裏就將所需的所有的映入了。
pom.xml文件內容以下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.andy.sh</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc_hibernate_demo</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springmvc_hibernate_demo Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version>
<jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用SpringMVC需配置 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 關係型數據庫整合時需配置 如hibernate jpa等 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 二級緩存ehcache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql鏈接 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0數據源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5-pre10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvc_hibernate_demo</finalName>
<plugins>
<!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.2</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- generate java doc -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<configuration>
<javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory>
<reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory>
<charset>UTF-8</charset>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding>
<show>private</show>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 部署至本機 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<configuration>
<container>
<containerId>tomcat6x</containerId>
<home>D:\WebServer\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
</container>
<configuration>
<type>existing</type>
<home>D:\WebServer\apache-tomcat-6.0.39</home>
</configuration>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
三、引入Spring配置
編寫配置文件，配置文件放在src/main/resources資源目錄下（下同）。
項目所需的配置信息config.properties
#application configs #jdbc c3p0 config jdbc.driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 jdbc.username = root jdbc.password = 12345 #hibernate config hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect hibernate.show_sql = true hibernate.format_sql = false hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = update hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache = true hibernate.cache.use_query_cache = true hibernate.cache.region.factory_class = org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path = ehcache.xml
3.一、spring配置
spring.xml的配置文件以下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <!-- 加載配置文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/> <!-- 掃描service自動注入爲bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="org.andy.work.service.impl,org.andy.work.dao.impl" /> </beans>
上面spring配置了對應包下組件bean自動注入管理，咱們須要將dao,service的實現類交由spring管理，如（@Repository，@Service）。
3.二、引入日誌文件配置Log4j
log4j.properties的配置文件以下：
### set log levels ###
log4j.rootLogger = INFO , C , D , E
### console ###
log4j.appender.C = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.C.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.C.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.C.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n
### log file ###
log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = INFO
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = [springmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n
### exception ###
log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File = ../logs/springmvc_hibernate_demo_error.log
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = [sspringmvc_hibernate_demo][%p] [%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}] %C.%M(%L) | %m%n
四、Hibernate配置
Hibernate的配置主要包括：配置數據源c3p0，配置SessionFactory，配置事務管理器，配置事務管理，其spring-hibernate.xml文件以下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">
<!-- 配置數據源 c3p0 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<!-- 請求超時時間 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="30000" />
<!-- 每60秒檢查全部鏈接池中的空閒鏈接。默認值: 0，不檢查 -->
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="30" />
<!-- 鏈接數據庫鏈接池最大空閒時間 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="30" />
<!-- 鏈接池初始化鏈接數 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="5" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="5" />
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="20" />
<!--當鏈接池中的鏈接耗盡的時候c3p0一次同時獲取的鏈接數。默認值: 3 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="5" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置hibernate的SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入數據源 相關信息看源碼 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- hibernate配置信息 -->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
<!-- 開啓二級緩存 ehcache -->
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">${hibernate.cache.region.factory_class}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">${hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path}
</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!-- 掃描hibernate註解配置的entity -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="org.andy.work.entity" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置事務加強處理Bean，指定事務管理器 -->
<tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<!-- 配置詳細事務處理語義 -->
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<!-- 其餘採用默認事務方式 -->
<tx:method name="*" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- Spring aop事務管理 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入點 -->
<aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut"
expression="execution(* org.andy.work.service..*Impl.*(..))" />
<!-- 指定在txAdvice切入點應用txAdvice事務加強處理 -->
<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"
advice-ref="transactionAdvice" />
</aop:config>
</beans>
上面配置了二級緩存，ehcache，相關的具體信息查看上一篇Hibernate二級緩存以及ehcache的搭建配置，下面是二級緩存的配置。
4.一、ehcache.xml的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
<diskStore path="D:/ehcache" />
<!-- DefaultCache setting. -->
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="1000"
eternal="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
maxElementsOnDisk="1000000"
overflowToDisk="true"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</defaultCache>
<!-- Special objects setting. -->
<cache
name="org.andy.work.entity.AcctUser"
maxElementsInMemory="2"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"
eternal="true"
diskPersistent="false"
overflowToDisk="false"
maxElementsOnDisk="1000000" />
</ehcache>
上面Hibernate二級緩存ehcache存放磁盤是D:/ehcache
五、生成業務entity實體
設計好數據表後，Hibernate的實體有工具Hibernate tools自動生成，Eclipse須要安裝Hibernate tools插件（我在線安裝過幾回都不成功，推薦使用links離線安裝，附錄將介紹），因此不須要手工的書寫，下面就貼一個用戶信息的實體，AcctUser.java
package org.andy.work.entity;
// Generated 2015-2-3 10:43:00 by Hibernate Tools 4.0.0
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.JoinTable;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
/**
* AcctUser generated by hbm2java
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "acct_user", catalog = "work")
@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)
public class AcctUser implements java.io.Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6980093847795726310L;
private String id;
private String nickName;
private String telephone;
private Date registerTime;
private Set<AcctRole> acctRoles = new HashSet<AcctRole>(0);
public AcctUser() {
}
public AcctUser(String id, String nickName) {
this.id = id;
this.nickName = nickName;
}
public AcctUser(String id, String nickName, String telephone,
Date registerTime, Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {
this.id = id;
this.nickName = nickName;
this.telephone = telephone;
this.registerTime = registerTime;
this.acctRoles = acctRoles;
}
@Id
@Column(name = "id", unique = true, nullable = false, length = 36)
public String getId() {
return this.id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(name = "nick_name", nullable = false)
public String getNickName() {
return this.nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
}
@Column(name = "telephone")
public String getTelephone() {
return this.telephone;
}
public void setTelephone(String telephone) {
this.telephone = telephone;
}
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
@Column(name = "register_time", length = 19)
public Date getRegisterTime() {
return this.registerTime;
}
public void setRegisterTime(Date registerTime) {
this.registerTime = registerTime;
}
@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})
@ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.READ_WRITE)
@JoinTable(name = "acct_user_role", catalog = "work", joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "user_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) }, inverseJoinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = "role_id", nullable = false, updatable = false) })
public Set<AcctRole> getAcctRoles() {
return this.acctRoles;
}
public void setAcctRoles(Set<AcctRole> acctRoles) {
this.acctRoles = acctRoles;
}
}
上面有幾個須要注意的：
上面大多數都是Hibernate tools自動生成的，可是有幾個須要手動添加：
一、若是這個實體使用二級緩存的話，須要添加@cache註解；
二、若是該實體裏面還有集合元素（set， map，list），若是實體要採用二級緩存，那麼這些集合元素必須也添加@cache註解。
三、@JsonIgnoreProperties註解是爲了防止SpringMVC在json返回時產生循環輸出使用，若是不配置的話就會出現json死循環（還有多對多，一對多的屬性時）。
四、@JsonIgnore這個是在轉換成json是忽略該屬性，而@JsonIgnoreProperties(value={"acctUsers", "acctAuthorities"})則是忽略acctRoles裏面的acctUsers和acctAuthorites屬
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