OpenGL學習之旅01—Xcode+OpenGL環境配置

時間 2019-12-05

標籤 opengl 學習之旅 xcode+opengl xcode 環境配置欄目 iOS 简体版

原文原文鏈接

一、下載和安裝HomeBrewgit

打開terminal，輸入下面的命令：github

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

       
         x 
        
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

可能在下載的過程當中遇到以下問題，不要慌，多是網絡問題致使的，從新執行一遍安裝命令便可macos

而後就是一路enter便可，最後看到successful就搞定了

這裏解釋下爲什麼要安裝HomeBrew，咱們都知道macOS是基於unix的，可是這套從unix衍生出來的計算機系統不少unix底層的工具都是缺失的，因此這就有了homebrew，官方解釋能夠以最簡單，最靈活的方式來安裝macOS中不包含的UNIX工具，安裝和卸載的方式也很簡單，只須要在terminal中輸入下面的兩條代碼便可：

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

//經常使用命令：
//安裝軟件，如：brew install oclint
//卸載軟件，如：brew uninstall oclint
//搜索軟件，如：brew search oclint
//更新軟件，如：brew upgrade oclint
//查看安裝列表， 如：brew list
//更新Homebrew，如：brew update

       
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
//經常使用命令：
//安裝軟件，如：brew install oclint
//卸載軟件，如：brew uninstall oclint
//搜索軟件，如：brew search oclint
//更新軟件，如：brew upgrade oclint
//查看安裝列表， 如：brew list
//更新Homebrew，如：brew update

二、安裝GLEW和GLFW

很過教程都是基於GLUT的，但Xcode上會顯示deprecate的warning，主要由於GLUT從1998年再也不更新了，使用也有必定隱患。如今使用的通常爲GLEW，GLFW，FreeGLUT(兼容GLUT)，在terminal中輸入ruby

brew install glew
brew install glfw
brew install freeglut

       
brew install glew
brew install glfw
brew install freeglut

筆者在安裝最後一個的時候遇到了一個小問題

freeglut: XQuartz 2.7.11 (or newer) is required to install this formula. X11Requirement unsatisfied!
You can install with Homebrew-Cask:
 brew cask install xquartz
You can download from:
 https://xquartz.macosforge.org
Error: An unsatisfied requirement failed this build.

       
freeglut: XQuartz 2.7.11 (or newer) is required to install this formula. X11Requirement unsatisfied!
You can install with Homebrew-Cask:
 brew cask install xquartz
You can download from:
 https://xquartz.macosforge.org
Error: An unsatisfied requirement failed this build.

提示須要安裝XQuartz，這個很簡單，直接去XQuartz的官網下載安裝一下就行了，安裝完XQuartz後繼續執行最後freeglut安裝完畢

三、Xcode配置

新建一個command line tool工程

在Build Setting中設置好Header Search Paths和Library Search Paths以下：

而後在Build Phases裏面添加庫文件

四、編寫代碼測試

從glfw的官網找了一個基本的代碼框架，而後添加了一段渲染三角形的代碼，主要功能就是建立一個glwindow，而後在裏面繪製一個三角形，代碼以下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    GLFWwindow *window;
    /* Initialize the library */
    if (!glfwInit())
        return -1;
    /* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
    window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello OpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (!window) {
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    /* Make the window's context current */
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    /* Loop until the user closes the window */
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        /* Render here */
        glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
        
        glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);    // Red
        glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
        
        glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);    // Green
        glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0);
        
        glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);    // Blue
        glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0);
        
        glEnd();
        /* Swap front and back buffers */
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        /* Poll for and process events */
        glfwPollEvents();
    }
    glfwTerminate();
  
    return 0;
}

       
         x 
        
#include <stdio.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    GLFWwindow *window;
    /* Initialize the library */
    if (!glfwInit())
        return -1;
    /* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
    window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello OpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (!window) {
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    /* Make the window's context current */
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    /* Loop until the user closes the window */
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
        /* Render here */
        glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
        
        glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);    // Red
        glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
        
        glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);    // Green
        glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0);
        
        glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);    // Blue
        glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0);
        
        glEnd();
        /* Swap front and back buffers */
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        /* Poll for and process events */
        glfwPollEvents();
    }
    glfwTerminate();
  
    return 0;
}

而後build，而後就傻眼了有20個編譯錯誤，仔細看error貌似是庫的連接問題，提示找不到定義

/usr/local/Cellar/glew/2.1.0/include/GL/glew.h:19860:17: Missing '#include "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.13.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Headers/gl3.h"'; declaration of 'PFNGLCOPYTEXSUBIMAGE3DPROC' must be imported from module 'OpenGL.GL3' before it is required