編譯安裝MySQL

爲何選擇MySQL數據庫？

　　毫無疑問，絕大多數的使用linux操做系統的大中小型互聯網網站都在使用MySQL做爲其後端的數據庫存儲，從大型的BAT門戶，到電商平臺，分類門戶等無一例都使用MySQL數據庫。

My Sql 數據庫優勢：

一、性能卓越，服務穩定，不多出現異常宕機

二、開放源代碼且無版權約束，自主性及使用成本低

三、歷史悠久，社區及用戶很是活躍，遇到問題，能夠尋求幫助

四、軟件體積小，安排使用簡單，而且易於維護，安裝及維護成本低

五、品牌口碑效應，使得企業無需考慮直接用之，LAMP,LEMP流行架構

六、支持多操做系統，提供多種API接口，支持多種開發語言，特別對流行的PHP語言有很好支持

linux軟件的安裝方式：

一、  yum/rpm：簡單 快，沒法定製。

二、  編譯安裝：比較複雜，速度慢，可定製。

./configure;make;make install   gmake;gmake insall  

三、  二進制包*****

直接解壓就能用（相似於綠色軟件，無需安裝） 簡單，快，很差定製。

測試環境：   

系統：Centos 6.5   mysql軟件：mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz

下面咱們選擇編譯安裝方法：

一、建立mysql用戶

[root@bqh-119 ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@bqh-119 ~]# useradd mysql -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@bqh-119 ~]# id mysql
uid=502(mysql) gid=502(mysql) 組=502(mysql)

二、下載或上傳mysql軟件包並解壓 

獲取mysql軟件：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

[root@bqh-119 tools]# tarxf mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz 
[root@bqh-119 tools]# ll
總用量 13328
drwxrwxrwx 32  7155 wheel      4096 7月  18 21:55 mysql-5.1.72
-rw-r--r--  1 root  root   24044338 7月  18 21:41 mysql-5.1.72.tar.gz
[root@bqh-119 tools]# cd mysql-5.1.72
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# 

三、編譯安裝mysql  

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# 
./configure \
--prefix=/application/mysql5.1.72 \
--with-unix-socket-path=/application/mysql5.1.72/tmp/mysql.sock \
--localstatedir=/application/mysql5.1.72/data \
--enable-assembler \
--enable-thread-safe-client \
--with-mysqld-user=mysql \
--with-big-tables \
--without-debug \
--with-pthread \
--enable-assembler \
--with-extra-charsets=complex \
--with-readline \
--with-ssl \
--with-embedded-server \
--enable-local-infile \
--with-plugins=partition,innobase \
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static 

此處省略......

checking for nl_langinfo and CODESET... yes
checking for wchar_t in wchar.h... yes
checking for wctype_t in wctype.h... yes
checking for wint_t in wctype.h... yes
checking for tgetent in -lncursesw... no
checking for tgetent in -lncurses... no
checking for tgetent in -lcurses... no
checking for tgetent in -ltermcap... no
checking for tgetent in -ltinfo... no
checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found

上面報錯解決方法：

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# yum -y install ncurses-devel

四、而後再重新編譯一下，出現以下圖就能夠接着make && make install

五、而後再執行：

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# make && make install #make靜態編譯生成mysqld的執行文件；make install安裝mysql

提示：也能夠根據cpu核數來加-j參數來加快mysql的編譯，例如：make -j 4

出現下圖結果表示mysql安裝完成：

六、作軟鏈接（隱藏版本號安全）

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# ln -s /application/mysql5.1.72/ /application/mysql
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# ll /application/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25 7月  18 22:27 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql5.1.72/
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# ll /application/mysql/
總用量 28
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 7月  18 22:22 bin
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 7月  18 22:22 include
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 7月  18 22:22 lib
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 7月  18 22:22 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 7月  18 22:22 mysql-test
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root 4096 7月  18 22:22 share
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root 4096 7月  18 22:22 sql-bench

七、初始化數據庫：

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# /application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

解釋：

/application/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db   #指定安裝的命令

--basedir   #指定mysql安裝的目錄

--datadir   #存放數據文件的目錄

--user     #mysql用戶

八、受權mysql管理數據庫文件：

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/

九、生成mysql配置文件：

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# ll /application/mysql/share/mysql/*.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 4746 7月 18 22:22 /application/mysql/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 19779 7月 18 22:22 /application/mysql/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 4720 7月 18 22:22 /application/mysql/share/mysql/my-large.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 4731 7月 18 22:22 /application/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2499 7月 18 22:22 /application/mysql/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# \cp /application/mysql/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

十、配置啓動mysql：

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /application/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server 
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# cp /application/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #將生成的啓動腳本拷貝到init.d目錄下
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld  #授予可執行權限
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# lsof -i:3306
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start #啓動mysql服務
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# lsof -i:3306 #查詢mysql服務是否開啓
COMMAND   PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
mysqld  51239 mysql   10u  IPv4  65387      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

十一、配置環境變量：

[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# echo -e '#mysql \nPATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profile
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# source /etc/profile
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# tail -2 /etc/profile
#mysql
PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"
[root@bqh-119 mysql-5.1.72]# which mysql
/application/mysql/bin/mysql

十二、登錄測試及設置、更改mysql密碼:

[root@bqh-119 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@bqh-119 mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot password "123456" #設置密碼
[root@bqh-119 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456  #密碼登陸
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit
Bye

1三、爲了安全起見，咱們在登錄時，採用交互式登錄：

[root@bqh-119 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

若是忘記登陸密碼了能夠用一下方法修改密碼解決：

[root@bqh-119 ~]# killall mysqld
[root@bqh-119 ~]# killall mysqld -9
mysqld: 沒有進程被殺死
[root@bqh-119 ~]# /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-table &
[1] 51534
[root@bqh-119 ~]# 190719 00:41:07 mysqld_safe Logging to '/application/mysql5.1.72/data/bqh-119.err'.
190719 00:41:07 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /application/mysql5.1.72/data

[root@bqh-119 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("bqh123") where host='localhost' and user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@bqh-119 ~]# killall mysqld
[root@bqh-119 ~]# killall mysqld
mysqld: 沒有進程被殺死
[root@bqh-119 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@bqh-119 ~]# mysql -uroot -pbqh123
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.72 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

注：正常的殺死進程能夠：

[root@bqh-119 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pbqh123 shutdown

[root@bqh-119 ~]# 
[root@bqh-119 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
[root@bqh-119 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 
[root@bqh-119 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      51970/mysqld 

1四、安全優化：刪除沒必要要的庫和用戶

刪除test庫：dro database test;

刪除無用用戶（保留root和localhost）

drop user '用戶'@‘主機’;

注意：主機大寫或者特殊字符刪不了，需用

delete from mysql.user where user='用戶' and host='主機大寫或特殊字符';

若是不當心把這兩個也給刪除了，恢復方法：

grant all on *.* to ‘root’@localhostt identified by ‘密碼’ with grant option;

flush privileges;    #刷新權限

mysql簡單的命令：

查看全部庫：show databases;   

切庫：use mysql;

查看用戶列表：select user,host from mysql.user 

查看當前用戶：select user();

查看當前所在庫：select database();

刪除數據庫：drop database 庫名；

刪除用戶：drop user '用戶'@'主機';