Miniconda安裝 虛擬環境建立 與包管理

安裝python

以前安裝python包，致使了python裏面的包不兼容，用管理工具卸載也下載不掉，從新安裝也安裝不上，沒有辦法只能卸掉python重裝。

安裝Anaconda

Anaconda指的是一個開源的Python發行版本，其包含了conda、Python等180多個科學包及其依賴項。conda也是一個很是好用的管理工具，只不過1500多個包本身用不了多少，我就選只Minicoda,是Anaconda的精簡版本，只含有python和conda管理包。

清華大學Miniconda鏡像

Miniconda官方鏡像

我選擇了Miniconda3-4.4.10-Windows-x86_64 版本，這個版本用的是python36,這個版本以後就是python37

添加環境變量

把完整的安裝目錄中補全，而後把下面幾個文件夾添加到環境變量

D:\Miniconda3 
D:\Miniconda3\Scripts 
D:\Miniconda3\Library\bin

配置conda

升級conda

conda update conda

換源

# 清華的鏡像源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge 
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/

# 中國科技大學源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/

# 阿里雲的服務器
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 
# 豆瓣網站是用python作的呀 豆瓣的python的源
conda config --add channels http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

# 設置搜索時顯示通道地址

conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

# 當安裝包時，總會被詢問是否`Proceed ([y]/n)?` ，默認爲False，設置爲`always_yes: True`將不會再作提醒

conda config --set always_yes True

虛擬環境建立

命令

usage: conda create [-h] [--shortcuts] [--no-shortcuts] [-y] [--dry-run] [-f]
                    [--file FILE] [--no-deps] [--only-deps] [-m] [-C]
                    [--use-local] [--offline] [--no-pin] [-c CHANNEL]
                    [--override-channels] [-n ENVIRONMENT | -p PATH] [-q]
                    [--copy] [-k] [--update-dependencies]
                    [--no-update-dependencies] [--channel-priority]
                    [--no-channel-priority] [--clobber] [--show-channel-urls]
                    [--no-show-channel-urls] [--download-only] [--json]
                    [--debug] [--verbose] [--clone ENV]
                    [--no-default-packages]
                    [package_spec [package_spec ...]]

Create a new conda environment from a list of specified packages. To use the created environment, use 'source activate envname' look in that directory first.  This command requires either the -n NAME or -p PREFIX option.

Options:

positional arguments:
  package_spec          Packages to install or update in the conda
                        environment.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            Show this help message and exit.
  --shortcuts           Install start menu shortcuts
  --no-shortcuts        Don't install start menu shortcuts
  -y, --yes             Do not ask for confirmation.
  --dry-run             Only display what would have been done.
  -f, --force           Force install (even when package already installed).
  --file FILE           Read package versions from the given file. Repeated
                        file specifications can be passed (e.g. --file=file1
                        --file=file2).
  --no-deps             Do not install, update, remove, or change
                        dependencies. This WILL lead to broken environments
                        and inconsistent behavior. Use at your own risk.
  --only-deps           Only install dependencies.
  -m, --mkdir           Create the environment directory if necessary.
  -C, --use-index-cache
                        Use cache of channel index files, even if it has
                        expired.
  --use-local           Use locally built packages.
  --offline             Offline mode, don't connect to the Internet.
  --no-pin              Ignore pinned file.
  -c CHANNEL, --channel # 換源 國內用清華或者是豆瓣的
                        default channel_alias is http://conda.anaconda.org/.
  --override-channels   Do not search default or .condarc channels. Requires
                        --channel.
  -n ENVIRONMENT, --name ENVIRONMENT # 虛擬環境的名字
                        
  -p PATH, --prefix PATH
                        Full path to environment prefix.
  -q, --quiet           Do not display progress bar. # 靜默安裝
  --copy                Install all packages using copies instead of hard- or
                        soft-linking.
  -k, --insecure        Allow conda to perform "insecure" SSL connections and
                        transfers. Equivalent to setting 'ssl_verify' to
                        'false'.
  --update-dependencies, --update-deps
                        Update dependencies. Overrides the value given by
                        `conda config --show update_deps`.
  --no-update-dependencies, --no-update-deps
                        Don't update dependencies. Overrides the value given
                        by `conda config --show update_deps`.
  --channel-priority, --channel-pri, --chan-pri
                        Channel priority takes precedence over package
                        version. Overrides the value given by `conda config
                        --show channel_priority`.
  --no-channel-priority, --no-channel-pri, --no-chan-pri
                        Package version takes precedence over channel
                        priority. Overrides the value given by `conda config
                        --show channel_priority`.
  --clobber             Allow clobbering of overlapping file paths within
                        packages, and suppress related warnings.
  --show-channel-urls   Show channel urls. Overrides the value given by `conda
                        config --show show_channel_urls`.
  --no-show-channel-urls
                        Don't show channel urls. Overrides the value given by
                        `conda config --show show_channel_urls`.
  --download-only       Solve an environment and ensure package caches are
                        populated, but exit prior to unlinking and linking
                        packages into the prefix.
  --json                Report all output as json. Suitable for using conda
                        programmatically.
  --debug               Show debug output.
  --verbose, -v         Use once for info, twice for debug, three times for
                        trace.
  --clone ENV           Path to (or name of) existing local environment.
  --no-default-packages
                        Ignore create_default_packages in the .condarc file.

虛擬環境

查看虛擬環境

conda info --envs/e

建立

# 建立一個名叫py2，使用python2.7解釋器的虛擬環境 -n是虛擬環境名字，python = 2.7是指定特定版本
conda create -n py2 python=2.7

# 激活Py2虛擬環境
activate py2 

#退出
deactivate 
quit

包管理

conda和pip區別

conda做爲包管理工具和pip相似，可是還有區別：

• 某些包不能經過conda安裝，只能經過pip安裝

• anaconda python conda都被conda視爲package,和普通安裝包管理方式相同

普通包管理

# 查看當前激活環境中的已安裝包，若是但願查詢指定環境中已安裝包，則在command命令後加上-n 環境名，其餘命令相似

conda list (-n python34)

# 查找package信息

conda search (-n python34)  numpy

# 查看某安裝包是否已安裝

conda list | grep 包名（支持正則）

# 安裝package，若是不用-n指定環境名稱，則被安裝在當前活躍環境，也能夠經過-c指定經過某個channel安裝

conda install (-n python34) numpy

# 更新package

conda update (-n python34) numpy

# 刪除package

conda remove (-n python34) numpy

# 新建立的環境只會包含較少的必須項如pip、python，若但願新環境和默認環境那樣安裝完整anaconda集合包

conda install anaconda

特殊包管理

我下載是是minoconda 因此只用更新conda就能夠了

# 更新conda，保持conda最新

conda update conda

# 更新anaconda集合包

conda update anaconda

# 更新python，假設當前環境是python 3.4, conda會將python升級爲3.4.x系列的當前最新版本

conda update python

# 更新anaconda-navigator

conda update anaconda-navigator

pip命令

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]
  
Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  help                        Show help for commands.
  
General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring
                              environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be
                              used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be
                              used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING,
                              ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form
                              [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should
                              attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists:
                              (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort).
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host as trusted, even though it does
                              not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file
                              containing the private key and the certificate
                              in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine
                              whether a new version of pip is available for
                              download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output