java.util.concurrent(J.U.C)大大提升了併發性能,AQS 被認爲是 J.U.C 的核心。java
用來控制一個線程等待多個線程。bash
維護了一個計數器 cnt,每次調用 countDown() 方法會讓計數器的值減 1,減到 0 的時候,那些由於調用 await() 方法而在等待的線程就會被喚醒。併發
public class CountdownLatchExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final int totalThread = 10;
CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(totalThread);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < totalThread; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
System.out.print("run..");
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
System.out.println("end");
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
run..run..run..run..run..run..run..run..run..run..end複製代碼
用來控制多個線程互相等待,只有當多個線程都到達時,這些線程纔會繼續執行。函數
和 CountdownLatch 類似,都是經過維護計數器來實現的。線程執行 await() 方法以後計數器會減 1,並進行等待,直到計數器爲 0,全部調用 await() 方法而在等待的線程才能繼續執行。性能
CyclicBarrier 和 CountdownLatch 的一個區別是,CyclicBarrier 的計數器經過調用 reset() 方法能夠循環使用,因此它才叫作循環屏障。ui
CyclicBarrier 有兩個構造函數,其中 parties 指示計數器的初始值,barrierAction 在全部線程都到達屏障的時候會執行一次。this
public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.parties = parties;
this.count = parties;
this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
}
public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
this(parties, null);
}複製代碼
public class CyclicBarrierExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int totalThread = 10;
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(totalThread);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < totalThread; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
System.out.print("before..");
try {
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.print("after..");
});
}
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
before..before..before..before..before..before..before..before..before..before..after..after..after..after..after..after..after..after..after..after..複製代碼
Semaphore 相似於操做系統中的信號量,能夠控制對互斥資源的訪問線程數。spa
如下代碼模擬了對某個服務的併發請求,每次只能有 3 個客戶端同時訪問,請求總數爲 10。操作系統
public class SemaphoreExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int clientCount = 3;
final int totalRequestCount = 10;
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(clientCount);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < totalRequestCount; i++) {
executorService.execute(()->{
try {
semaphore.acquire();
System.out.print(semaphore.availablePermits() + " ");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
semaphore.release();
}
});
}
executorService.shutdown();
}
}
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