Oracle單機Rman筆記[5]---脫機異地還原

脫機異地還原（安裝一個原環境相同的linux，並安裝數據庫，注意不要配置安裝實例）

 1、檢查/home/oracle下的.bashrc   .bash_profile內容是否與原環境一致（具體看狀況而定），示例以下：
        # User specific aliases and functions
        export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
        export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
        export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
        export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
        export ORACLE_SID=orcl
        export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
        export ORACLE_TERM=vt100
        export THREADS_FLAG=native
        export LANG=en_US
 2、要記錄原數據庫的BDID(這次測試的DBID=1495584919）

 3、oracle用戶下：
       [oracle@g ~]$ rman target / nocatalog
       RMAN> 
       RMAN>startup nomount;
            startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
            LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'
            starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
            Oracle instance started
            Total System Global Area    1068937216 bytes
            Fixed Size                     2260088 bytes
            Variable Size                285213576 bytes
            Database Buffers             775946240 bytes
            Redo Buffers                   5517312 bytes
       RMAN>set dbid=1495584919;
       RMAN>restore spfile  to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora' from  '/oback/CONTROLFILE.ORCL.c-1495584919-20180217-06';
            Starting restore at 17-FEB-18
            using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
            allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
            channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=396 device type=DISK

            channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /oback/CONTROLFILE.ORCL.c-1495584919-20180217-06
            channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
            Finished restore at 17-FEB-18 
       
       RMAN> startup force nomount;
       ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××    
       RMAN> startup force nomount;
              報錯:
                    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                    RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
                    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                    RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 02/17/2018 17:01:47
                    RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-01261: Parameter db_recovery_file_dest destination string cannot be translated
                    ORA-01262: Stat failed on a file destination directory
                    Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
               cat  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora 查看 db_recovery_file_dest的參數,手工創建了fast_recovery_area目錄,並修改權限爲oracle.oinstall
               
       RMAN> startup force nomount;
              報錯:
                    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                    RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
                    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                    RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 02/17/2018 17:05:14
                    RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-16032: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 destination string cannot be translated
                    ORA-07286: sksagdi: cannot obtain device information.
                    Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
               cat  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora 查看 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的參數,手工創建了/backup/archive/ORCL目錄並修改權限爲oracle.oinstall
                
      RMAN> startup force nomount;
                RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
                RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 02/17/2018 17:10:23
                RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
                Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
                Additional information: 9925
                手工創建了audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'目錄並修改權限爲oracle.oinstall
      ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××                
       再次執行：成功了
       RMAN> startup force nomount;
            Oracle instance started
            Total System Global Area    5010685952 bytes
            Fixed Size                     2261848 bytes
            Variable Size               1006636200 bytes
            Database Buffers            3992977408 bytes
            Redo Buffers                   8810496 bytes
       
       
      RMAN>restore controlfile from  '/oback/CONTROLFILE.ORCL.c-1495584919-20180217-06';
      ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××
            報錯：
                Starting restore at 17-FEB-18
                using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
                allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=156 device type=DISK

                channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
                RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
                RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/17/2018 17:18:33
                ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /oback/CONTROLFILE.ORCL.c-1495584919-20180217-06
                ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl"
                ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
                Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
                Additional information: 1
                手工創建了"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/"目錄並修改權限爲oracle.oinstall

      再次執行命令
            報錯：
            channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
            RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
            RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
            RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
            RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 02/17/2018 17:21:22
            ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl"
            ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
            Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
            Additional information: 1
            ORA-19600: input file is control file  (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl)
            ORA-19601: output file is control file  (/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl)
            手工創建了"/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/"目錄並修改權限爲oracle.oinstall
      再次執行命令（成功）     
            Starting restore at 17-FEB-18
            using channel ORA_DISK_1
            channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
            channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
            output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
            output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
            Finished restore at 17-FEB-18
    ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

四、啓動數據庫到加載狀態
       RMAN>alter database mount;
                database mounted
                released channel: ORA_DISK_1
                
       在新控制文件中註冊數據文件備份和歸檔備份
       RMAN>catalog start with '/oback/';
            searching for all files that match the pattern /oback/
            List of Files Unknown to the Database
            =====================================
            File Name: /oback/backup_2bsrfda0_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_2csrfdag_1_1
            File Name: /oback/CONTROLFILE.ORCL.c-1495584919-20180217-06
            File Name: /oback/backup_2dsrfdah_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_2esrfdai_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_29srfd9o_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_2asrfd9p_1_1

            Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
            cataloging files...
            cataloging done

            List of Cataloged Files
            =======================
            File Name: /oback/backup_2bsrfda0_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_2csrfdag_1_1
            File Name: /oback/CONTROLFILE.ORCL.c-1495584919-20180217-06
            File Name: /oback/backup_2dsrfdah_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_2esrfdai_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_29srfd9o_1_1
            File Name: /oback/backup_2asrfd9p_1_1

5、還原數據庫
       RMAN> restore database;
                Starting restore at 17-FEB-18
                using channel ORA_DISK_1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
                channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
                channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oback/backup_2asrfd9p_1_1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oback/backup_2asrfd9p_1_1 tag=TAG20180217T153313
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
                channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
                channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
                channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oback/backup_2bsrfda0_1_1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oback/backup_2bsrfda0_1_1 tag=TAG20180217T153313
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
                channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
                channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
                channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oback/backup_2csrfdag_1_1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oback/backup_2csrfdag_1_1 tag=TAG20180217T153313
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
                channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
                channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
                channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oback/backup_2dsrfdah_1_1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oback/backup_2dsrfdah_1_1 tag=TAG20180217T153313
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
                Finished restore at 17-FEB-18

六、恢復數據
       RMAN> recover database;
       ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××     
           報錯：
                starting media recovery

                channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
                archived log thread=1 sequence=55
                channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oback/backup_2esrfdai_1_1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oback/backup_2esrfdai_1_1 tag=TAG20180217T153338
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
                channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
                archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/USE_DB_RECOVER_FILE_DEST1_55_967804185.dbf thread=1 sequence=55
                unable to find archived log
                archived log thread=1 sequence=56
                RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
                RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
                RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 02/17/2018 17:35:32
                RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 56 and starting SCN of 1681835
                可見，出先此錯誤的緣由是恢復須要的日誌記錄在控制文件或恢復目錄中找不到。解決方法分兩種狀況：
                1.若是相關的日誌存在且可用的話，就將此日誌記錄添加到控制文件或恢復目錄中。
                2.若是相關的日誌已經被刪除了或不可用了，那麼就按照錯誤的提示scn將數據庫恢復到此scn，本案例是1681835。
                    也就是說此時數據庫只能進行不徹底恢復了，在打開數據庫時得使用resetlogs打開。
          執行：
          RMAN> recover database until scn 1681835;  
        ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××   
        重置重作日誌，即將重作日誌的sequence置零
        RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;           
        

7、增長監聽
        複製原來的文件過來
            
        提示用戶密碼錯誤沒法登錄，查看密碼文件，提示缺乏
            SQL> show parameter remote_login;
                NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
                ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
                remote_login_passwordfile         string     EXCLUSIVE
            SQL>  ho ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw*;
                ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapw*: No such file or directory
        
        使用orapwd重建當前數據庫密碼文件
            SQL> ho orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=oracle entries=10
        重置sys密碼：
            SQL> password sys;
                Changing password for sys
                Old password: 
                New password: 
                Retype new password: 
                Password changed
       用戶解鎖：改密碼等
       create user test identified by "111111";
       grant connect,resource,sysdba to test    
       alter user SCOTT account unlock identified by 111111;

 

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