爲啥 Response.Write 後,View就不渲染了?

一:背景

1. 講故事

前幾天羣裏有一位朋友聊到,爲何我在 Action 中執行一句 Response.Write 以後,後續的 View 就不呈現了,若是腦子中沒有畫面,那就上測試代碼:html

public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            Response.WriteAsync("hello world!");
            return View();
        }
    }

結果仍是挺有意思的,你們都知道,默認狀況下會渲染 /Home/Index 對應的 view 頁面,但這裏被 Response.WriteAsync 插了一槓子,氣的 view 都渲染不出來了,那接下來就來找一找 view 爲啥這麼生氣?git

二:尋找真相

1. 從 Logger 入手

相信不少人都在用 aspnetcore 中的 logger 記錄日誌,爲何要首選這個 logger 呢?由於它在 web框架 中是一等公民的存在,畢竟底層源碼各處都嵌入着這玩意哈,隨便找點代碼:github

internal abstract class ActionMethodExecutor
{
    private Task ResultNext<TFilter, TFilterAsync>(ref ResourceInvoker.State next, ref ResourceInvoker.Scope scope, [Nullable(2)] ref object state, ref bool isCompleted) where TFilter : class, IResultFilter where TFilterAsync : class, IAsyncResultFilter
    {
    	ResourceInvoker.ResultExecutingContextSealed resultExecutingContext3 = this._resultExecutingContext;
		this._diagnosticListener.BeforeOnResultExecuting(resultExecutingContext3, tfilter);
		this._logger.BeforeExecutingMethodOnFilter(filterType, "OnResultExecuting", tfilter);
		tfilter.OnResultExecuting(resultExecutingContext3);
		this._diagnosticListener.AfterOnResultExecuting(resultExecutingContext3, tfilter);
		this._logger.AfterExecutingMethodOnFilter(filterType, "OnResultExecuting", tfilter);
		if (this._resultExecutingContext.Cancel)
		{
			this._logger.ResultFilterShortCircuited(tfilter);
			this._resultExecutedContext = new ResourceInvoker.ResultExecutedContextSealed(resultExecutingContext3, this._filters, resultExecutingContext3.Result, this._instance)
			{
				Canceled = true
			};
			goto IL_39E;
		}
    }
}

並且你們想一想,這種寫法特別奇葩,我想底層框架中的 logger 定會有所反饋,接下來在啓動程序的時候採用 WebApplication1 的模式啓動,以下圖:web

啓動後,在控制檯上能夠看到一堆報錯信息:框架

info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Now listening on: http://localhost:5000
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Hosting environment: Development
info: Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime[0]
      Content root path: E:\net5\WebApplication1\WebApplication1
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware[1]
      An unhandled exception has occurred while executing the request.
System.InvalidOperationException: Headers are read-only, response has already started.
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Http.HttpHeaders.ThrowHeadersReadOnlyException()
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core.Internal.Http.HttpHeaders.Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.IHeaderDictionary.set_Item(String key, StringValues value)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.DefaultHttpResponse.set_ContentType(String value)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ViewContext viewContext, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext actionContext, IView view, ViewDataDictionary viewData, ITempDataDictionary tempData, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext context, ViewResult result)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewResult.ExecuteResultAsync(ActionContext context)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeResultAsync>g__Logged|21_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, IActionResult result)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResultFilterAsync>g__Awaited|29_0[TFilter,TFilterAsync](ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResultExecutedContextSealed context)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.ResultNext[TFilter,TFilterAsync](State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)
   at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.InvokeResultFilters()

異常信息很是明顯:Headers are read-only, response has already started,大概就是說,header是隻讀的,response已經是啓動狀態了,從調用堆棧的 ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync 處可看出,代碼準備渲染 view,在 set_ContentType 處遭遇異常,結束了後續渲染流程。ide

接下來一塊兒看下,爲何會觸發這個異常???工具

三: 調試源碼尋找異常的緣由

1. dnspy 調試

除了從異常堆棧中找到最先的異常代碼處,這裏還說一個小技巧,使用 ndspy 的 異常斷點功能,在異常設置面板 定位 InvalidOperationException 異常便可。測試

接下來就可讓程序跑起來,當異常拋出時會自動斷下來。ui

仔細看一下圖中的文字標註,仍是很好理解的,接下來繼續追一下: response.ContentType = contentType2; 內部都作了什麼。this

public override string ContentType
		{
			get
			{
				return this.Headers[HeaderNames.ContentType];
			}
			set
			{
				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
				{
					this.HttpResponseFeature.Headers.Remove(HeaderNames.ContentType);
					return;
				}
				this.HttpResponseFeature.Headers[HeaderNames.ContentType] = value;
			}
		}

能夠看到 內部是給 this.HttpResponseFeature.Headers 賦值的,繼續往下追:

從圖中能夠看到,最後的 HttpHeader._isReadOnly =true 致使異常的發生,罪魁禍首哈,接下來研究下這句 HttpHeader._isReadOnly=true 是什麼時候被賦值的。

2. _isReadOnly=true 什麼時候發生

這個問題就簡單多了,一定是 Response.WriteAsync("hello world!"); 形成了 _isReadOnly=true ,在 HttpHeader 下有一個 SetReadOnly 方法用於對 _isReadOnly 字段的封裝,代碼以下:

internal abstract class HttpHeaders 
{
    public void SetReadOnly()
    {
        this._isReadOnly = true;
    }
}

接下來在該方法處下一個斷點,繼續調試,以下圖:

從圖中可看到,原來 Response.WriteAsync("hello world!") 是能夠封鎖 HttpHeaders的,後續任何再對 HttpHeader 的操做都是無效的。。。

其實你們也能夠想想,不一樣的response,確定會有不一樣的 header,要想疊加的話這輩子都不可能的,只能讓後面的報錯,以下:

1. response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2020 14:37:54 GMT
Server: Kestrel
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

c
hello world!


2. view:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2020 14:39:01 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Server: Kestrel
Content-Length: 2239

四: 總結

這篇就是對羣聊天過程當中拋出問題的我的探究,一家之言,不過挺有意思,你們也能夠多用用調試工具尋找問題,證實問題,紙上得來終覺淺,絕知此事要躬行,好了,但願本篇對您有幫助!

更多高質量乾貨:參見個人 GitHub: dotnetfly

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