Django session cookie 上傳文件、詳解

時間 2019-12-11

標籤 django session cookie 上傳文件詳解欄目 Python 简体版

原文原文鏈接

session 在這裏先說sessionhtml

配置URL

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin

admin.autodiscover()


urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'csvt11.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

    url(r'^login/$', 'online.views.login'),
    url(r'^index/$', 'online.views.index'),
    url(r'^logout/$', 'online.views.logout'),
)

建立視圖

views.pypython

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
from django import forms


class UserForm(forms.Form):  ##form驗證
    username = forms.CharField()

#用戶登陸
def login(req):
    if req.method == "POST":
        uf = UserForm(req.POST)
        if uf.is_valid():
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            #把獲取表單的用戶名傳遞給session對象
            req.session['username'] = username
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')
    else:
        uf = UserForm()
    return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf})

#登陸以後跳轉頁
def index(req):
    username = req.session.get('username','anybody')
    return render_to_response('index.html',{'username':username})

#註銷動做
def logout(req):
    del req.session['username']  #刪除session
    return HttpResponse('logout ok!')

這裏用到的就是session建立和刪除，代碼中有註釋。視圖是動能實現的核心邏輯，這裏調用到了session的相關方法，很是簡單，須要說明的是session 是字典的形式存在的，好比一個sessionid 對應一個信息（好比，用戶名，密碼，添加到購物車的商品等。）數據庫

建立模板

<form method = 'post'>
    {{uf.as_p}}
    <input type="submit" value = "ok"/>
</form>

index.html瀏覽器

<div>
   <h1>welcome {{username}}</h1>
   <a href="/logout">logout</a>
</div>

這裏沒有判斷用戶密碼是否正常的邏輯，因此，輸入任意信息均可登陸。服務器

看查，session 是用戶登陸的用戶名保存服務器端的數據庫中，而客戶端（瀏覽器）產生的只是一個session id ，程序經過讀取客戶端的session id 來查找對應的用戶名，並返回給客戶端，從而在客戶端的信息。在數據庫中並無看到剛纔登陸的用戶名（Tom），標紅色下劃線的就是，只是對其進行了加密，因此會看到一串很長的大小寫字符串。cookie

在index 頁面，點擊「logout」退出後，就刪除了客戶端的session id 信息，因此，再訪問index 頁面，就是會看到「weclome anybody」的提示。session

cookie

===================app

建立項目與應用 post

#建立項目
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ django-admin.py startproject mysite5
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy$ cd mysite5
#在項目下建立一個online應用
fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py startapp online

目錄結構以下：

打開mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，將應用添加進去：

# Application definition
 INSTALLED_APPS = ( 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'online', )

設計數據庫

打開mysite5/online/models.py文件，添加以下內容:

from django.db import models # Create your models here.
class User(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=50) password = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __unicode__(self): return self.username

建立數據庫，建立User表，用戶名和密碼兩個字段。

下面進行數據庫的同步：

fnngj@fnngj-H24X:~/djpy/mysite5$ python manage.py syncdb
Creating tables ...
Creating table django_admin_log
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table online_user
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes 輸入yes/no

Username (leave blank to use 'fnngj'):    用戶名（默認當前系統用戶名）
Email address: fnngj@126.com 郵箱地址
Password:    密碼
Password (again):    確認密碼
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s)

最後生成的 online_user 表就是咱們models.py 中所建立的User類。

配置URL

打開mysite5/mysite5/urls.py：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite5.views.home', name='home'),
 url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^online/', include('online.urls')), )

在mysite5/online/目錄下建立urls.py文件：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url from online import views urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^$', views.login, name='login'), url(r'^login/$',views.login,name = 'login'), url(r'^regist/$',views.regist,name = 'regist'), url(r'^index/$',views.index,name = 'index'), url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name = 'logout'), )

建立視圖

打開mysite5/online/views.py 文件：

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect from django.template import RequestContext from django import forms from models import User #表單
class UserForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用戶名',max_length=100) password = forms.CharField(label='密碼',widget=forms.PasswordInput()) #註冊
def regist(req): if req.method == 'POST': uf = UserForm(req.POST) if uf.is_valid(): #得到表單數據
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username'] password = uf.cleaned_data['password'] #添加到數據庫
            User.objects.create(username= username,password=password) return HttpResponse('regist success!!') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response('regist.html',{'uf':uf}, context_instance=RequestContext(req)) #登錄
def login(req): if req.method == 'POST': uf = UserForm(req.POST) if uf.is_valid(): #獲取表單用戶密碼
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username'] password = uf.cleaned_data['password'] #獲取的表單數據與數據庫進行比較
            user = User.objects.filter(username__exact = username,password__exact = password) if user: #比較成功，跳轉index
                response = HttpResponseRedirect('/online/index/') #將username寫入瀏覽器cookie,失效時間爲3600
                response.set_cookie('username',username,3600) return response else: #比較失敗，還在login
                return HttpResponseRedirect('/online/login/') else: uf = UserForm() return render_to_response('login.html',{'uf':uf},context_instance=RequestContext(req)) #登錄成功
def index(req): username = req.COOKIES.get('username','') return render_to_response('index.html' ,{'username':username}) #退出
def logout(req): response = HttpResponse('logout !!') #清理cookie裏保存username
    response.delete_cookie('username') return response

這裏實現了全部註冊，登錄邏輯，中間用到cookie建立，讀取，刪除操做等。

建立模板

先在mysite5/online/目錄下建立templates目錄，接着在mysite5/online/templates/目錄下建立regist.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>註冊</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>註冊頁面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/login/">登錄</a>
</body>
</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目錄下建立login.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>登錄</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>登錄頁面：</h1>
<form method = 'post' enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} {{uf.as_p}} <input type="submit" value = "ok" />
</form>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/regist/">註冊</a>
</body>
</html>

mysite5/online/templates/目錄下建立index.html 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title></title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>welcome {{username}} !</h1>
<br>
<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/online/logout/">退出</a>
</body>
</html>

設置模板路徑

打開mysite5/mysite5/settings.py文件，在底部添加：

#template
TEMPLATE_DIRS=( '/home/fnngj/djpy/mysite5/online/templates' )

使用功能

註冊

先註冊用戶：

註冊成功，提示「regist success!!」

登錄

執行登錄操做，經過讀取瀏覽器cookie 來獲取用戶名

查看cookie

登錄成功

Django form上傳文件

目錄結構

urls.py

from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/',views.register)
]

models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class User(models.Model):
    username =models.CharField(max_length=30)
    heading =models.FileField(upload_to='./upload')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

        # python manage.py makemigrations
        # 　　python manage.py migrate

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, render_to_response

# Create your views here.
from app1 import models
from django import forms
from django.http import HttpResponse


class UserForm(forms.Form):  ##form驗證
    username = forms.CharField()
    heading = forms.FileField()


def register(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        uf = UserForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if uf.is_valid():
            #獲取表信息
            username = uf.cleaned_data['username']
            headimg = uf.cleaned_data['heading']
            user = models.User()
            #寫入數據庫
            user.username = username
            user.heading = headimg
            user.save()
            return HttpResponse('upload ok!')
    else:
        uf = UserForm()  ##
    return render_to_response('register.html', {'uf': uf})

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
        <h1>register</h1>
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {{ uf.as_p }}     #as_p 拿出全部數據，內部渲染P標籤
    <input type="submit" value="ok">
</form>

</body>
</html>