xtrabackup備份恢復MySQL數據庫
1. 全量備份恢復：
- 查看原表內容：
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students; +----+------------+------+--------+ | id | name | age | gender | +----+------------+------+--------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f | | 2 | lisi | 15 | m | | 3 | wanger | 25 | m | | 4 | liuwu | 24 | f | | 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f | +----+------------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 備份：
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=lxkpass /tmp
180916 11:56:18 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
......
中間省略
......
180916 11:56:22 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
180916 11:56:22 All tables unlocked
180916 11:56:22 Backup created in directory '/tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18'
180916 11:56:22 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
180916 11:56:22 [00] ...done
180916 11:56:22 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 11:56:22 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602080) to (1602080) was copied.
180916 11:56:23 completed OK!
[root@jenkins ~]# cat /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped #備份類型:全量備份
from_lsn = 0 #起始lsn
to_lsn = 1602080 #結束lsn
last_lsn = 1602080 #總共多少個lsn
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
[root@jenkins ~]# cat /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/xtrabackup_info
uuid = 7a05430c-b964-11e8-889e-000c29080758
name =
tool_name = innobackupex #備份工具名稱
tool_command = --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=... /tmp #備份時使用的命令
tool_version = 2.3.6 #工具版本
ibbackup_version = 2.3.6
server_version = 5.5.60-MariaDB
start_time = 2018-09-16 11:56:18 #備份開始時間
end_time = 2018-09-16 11:56:22 #備份結束時間
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos =
innodb_from_lsn = 0
innodb_to_lsn = 1602080
partial = N
incremental = N
format = file
compact = N
compressed = N #是否啓用壓縮
encrypted = N #是否加密
- 準備(apply)備份
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/
180916 12:06:16 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
......
中間省略
......
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1602582
180916 12:06:19 completed OK! #此處顯示completed OK即表示完成
- 恢復備份:
- 中止mysql服務
- 刪庫
[root@jenkins ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
- 經過全量備份恢復數據
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --copy-back /tmp/2018-09-16_11-56-18/
180916 12:11:19 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex version 2.3.6 based on MySQL server 5.6.24 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: )
180916 12:11:19 [01] Copying ib_logfile0 to /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0
180916 12:11:19 [01] ...done
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:11:20 [01] ...done
180916 12:11:20 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
180916 12:11:20 [01] ...done
180916 12:11:20 [01] Copying ./test/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/test/db.opt
180916 12:11:20 [01] ...done
180916 12:11:20 completed OK! #顯示completed OK即爲完成
- 修改恢復後文件的屬主,屬組爲mysql
[root@jenkins ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql -l total 28692 -rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 Sep 16 12:11 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile0 -rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 mysql drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 performance_schema drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 test drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Sep 16 12:11 testdb -rw-r----- 1 root root 437 Sep 16 12:11 xtrabackup_info [root@jenkins ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/* [root@jenkins ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/ total 28692 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 16 12:11 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile0 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:11 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 test drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:11 testdb -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 437 Sep 16 12:11 xtrabackup_info
- 啓動MySQL並查看
[root@jenkins ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@jenkins ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students; +----+------------+------+--------+ | id | name | age | gender | +----+------------+------+--------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f | | 2 | lisi | 15 | m | | 3 | wanger | 25 | m | | 4 | liuwu | 24 | f | | 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f | +----+------------+------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 增量備份及恢復:
- 全量備份:
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --user=lxk --host=localhost --password=lxkpass /tmp/
180916 12:17:01 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:17:03 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
180916 12:17:03 All tables unlocked
180916 12:17:03 Backup created in directory '/tmp//2018-09-16_12-17-01'
180916 12:17:03 [00] Writing backup-my.cnf
180916 12:17:03 [00] ...done
180916 12:17:03 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 12:17:03 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602592) to (1602592) was copied.
180916 12:17:03 completed OK!
- 修改數據庫,進行第一次增量備份
- 在testdb.students中添加一條數據:
MariaDB [testdb]> insert into students values (6,'xiaoming',20,'f'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [testdb]> select * from students; +----+------------+------+--------+ | id | name | age | gender | +----+------------+------+--------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f | | 2 | lisi | 15 | m | | 3 | wanger | 25 | m | | 4 | liuwu | 24 | f | | 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f | | 6 | xiaoming | 20 | f | +----+------------+------+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 增量備份:
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --incremental /tmp --incremental-basedir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-17-01/
180916 12:23:28 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:23:30 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1602735) to (1602735) was copied.
180916 12:23:30 completed OK!
- 再添加一條數據,進行第二次增量備份:
- 增長一條數據
MariaDB [testdb]> insert into students values (8,'daming',20,'m'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- 第二次增量備份(若此時--incremental-basedir指的是第一次全量備份路徑,則爲差別備份):
[root@jenkins ~]# innobackupex --incremental /tmp --incremental-basedir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28/
180916 12:29:08 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:29:10 [00] Writing xtrabackup_info
180916 12:29:10 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (1603615) to (1603615) was copied.
180916 12:29:10 completed OK!
- 準備(prepare)數據:
- 須要在每一個備份(包括徹底和各個增量備份)上，將已經提交的事務進行「重放」。「重放」以後，全部的備份數據將合併到徹底備份上。
- 基於全部的備份將未提交的事務進行「回滾」
(1) 準備全量備份文件mysql
[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2018-09-16_12-17-01
180916 12:34:06 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1602592
180916 12:34:06 completed OK!
(2) 準備第一次增量備份文件:sql
注: --incremental-dir所指的目錄必須爲絕對路徑數據庫
[root@jenkins 2018-09-16_12-17-01]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./ --incremental-dir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28
180916 12:38:17 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:38:18 [00] Copying /tmp/2018-09-16_12-23-28/xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180916 12:38:18 [00] ...done
180916 12:38:18 completed OK!
(3) 準備第二次增量備份文件:app
[root@jenkins 2018-09-16_12-17-01]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./ --incremental-dir=/tmp/2018-09-16_12-29-08/
180916 12:42:56 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:42:57 [01] ...done
180916 12:42:57 [00] Copying /tmp/2018-09-16_12-29-08//xtrabackup_info to ./xtrabackup_info
180916 12:42:57 [00] ...done
180916 12:42:57 completed OK!
(4) 執行回滾操做ide
[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --apply-log /tmp/2018-09-16_12-17-01
180916 12:46:15 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1604128
180916 12:46:18 completed OK!
(5) 關閉MySQL並刪除/var/lib/mysql/下全部文件工具
(6) 恢復數據：ui
[root@jenkins tmp]# innobackupex --copy-back 2018-09-16_12-17-01/
180916 12:48:39 innobackupex: Starting the copy-back operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
.....
中間省略
.....
180916 12:48:40 [01] Copying ./test/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/test/db.opt
180916 12:48:40 [01] ...done
180916 12:48:40 completed OK!
(6) 修改/var/lib/mysql/下文件的屬主、屬組並啓動數據庫並查看加密
[root@jenkins mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/* [root@jenkins mysql]# ll total 28692 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 Sep 16 12:48 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:48 ib_logfile0 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 Sep 16 12:48 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 test drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 16 12:48 testdb -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 462 Sep 16 12:48 xtrabackup_info [root@jenkins mysql]# systemctl start mariadb [root@jenkins mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> select * from testdb.students; +----+------------+------+--------+ | id | name | age | gender | +----+------------+------+--------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 15 | f | | 2 | lisi | 15 | m | | 3 | wanger | 25 | m | | 4 | liuwu | 24 | f | | 5 | wangermazi | 28 | f | | 6 | xiaoming | 20 | f | | 8 | daming | 20 | m | +----+------------+------+--------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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