關於PHP加速eAccelerator、Xcache、APC和Zend Optimizer

時間 2019-11-10

標籤關於 php 加速 eaccelerator xcache apc zend optimizer 欄目 PHP 简体版

原文原文鏈接

之前只關注過Zend Optimizer，由於高胖子的書就是這樣教的，可是遇到奇葩公司的面試題提問你知道多少個php加速器/緩存，我一會兒楞了，由於我所知道的php5.2.x只用過Zend Optimizer，並且加密過的php程序只能在Zend Optimizer下面運行。可是php5.3.x以上版本，Zend Optimizer支持不了了，更別提eAccelerator、Xcache、APC。Zend guard loader能夠支持php5.3.x以上版本，並且最新的php5.5.x版本，官網說內置了Zend guard，因此更不要phper關注加速器了。既然遇到這樣的問題，也從網上總結了一下東西，網友們看過就好了，沒必要去試驗了。php

安裝哪個呢？對性能會有什麼影響呢？有時間要測試一下。html

從別處看來的。面試

程序環境非必要Zend Optimizer的狀況下，首選pecl-APC（它和Zend Optimizer不兼容）。
總結：
1.PHP緩衝（加速）首選pecl-APC，兼容性和性能表現都很是優秀。
2.若是你的PHP環境須要Zend Optimizer，就安裝eAccelerator，並把Zend Optimizer的壓縮級別調到0。apache

zend optimizer 是一個代碼優化的模塊，能夠調優php代碼，實現的原理是對那些在被最終執行以前由運行編譯器(Run-Time Compiler)產生的代碼進行優化。代碼性能能夠提升40%到100%，從這點上來講，應該不具備強大的緩存功能，沒有讀過源碼，不清楚是否具備緩存以及緩存質量如何。

eAccelerator 是一個將編譯以後的php代碼緩存在share memory中的模塊。經過訪問共享內存能夠獲得編譯後的代碼並直接執行用以提升效率，這個對於php的執行效率的提升仍是很大的。同時，eAccelerator也能夠緩存數據至文件中，這個部分因爲是對文件的操做，我想對大多數的文件cache來講，原理類似，性能相近。

APC 原理上來說和eAccelerator相近，因此差異不大。不經過修改參數詳細測試，不能看出二者的優劣。因此取其一便可。ubuntu

三款免費的PHP加速器：APC、eAccelerator、XCache比較緩存

1、PHP加速器介紹服務器

PHP加速器是一個爲了提升PHP執行效率，從而緩存起PHP的操做碼，這樣PHP後面執行就不用解析轉換了，能夠直接調用PHP操做碼，這樣速度上就提升了很多。併發

Apache中使用mod_php的請求、響應執行流程：工具

　　一、Apache接收請求。
二、Apache傳遞請求給mod_php。
三、mod_php定位磁盤文件，並加載到內存中。
四、mod_php編譯源代碼成爲opcode樹。
五、mod_php執行opcode樹。性能

PHP加速器相應的就是第四步，它的目的就是防止PHP每次請求都重複編譯PHP代碼，由於在高訪問量的網站上，大量的編譯每每沒有執行速度快呢？因此這裏面有個瓶頸就是PHP的重複編譯既影響了速度又加載了服務器負載，爲了解決此問題，PHP加速器就這樣誕生了。

2、PHP加速器安裝與配置

一、安裝配置APC

APC全稱是Alternative PHP Cache,官方翻譯叫」可選PHP緩存」,它是PHP PECL中的一個擴展，好像是facebook在使用它，下面開始安裝（ubuntu環境）：
$wget http://pecl.php.net/get/APC-3.0.19.tgz
$tar xvzf APC-3.0.19.tgz
$cd APC-3.0.19/APC-3.0.19
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-apc –enable-apc-mmap –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
$make
$sudo make install

下面咱們再配置APC,由於個人PECL擴展路徑改變了，因此我得移動下編譯好的文件：
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/apc.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

而後咱們再編輯php.ini文件進行配置，請把下面的代碼加入到php.ini中便可：
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL"
extension = apc.so
; APC
apc.enabled = 1
apc.shm_segments = 1
apc.shm_size = 64
apc.optimization = 1
apc.num_files_hint = 0
apc.ttl = 0
apc.gc_ttl = 3600
apc.cache_by_default = on

這樣重啓apache就會在phpinfo()信息中顯示。

二、安裝配置eAccelerator

eAccelerator的前身實際上是truck-mmcache，由於開發truk-mmcache的人被Zend給招安了，因此開發 eAccelerator的人繼承了truk-mmcache的一些特性，設計出eAccelerator加速器。安裝以下：
$wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
$tar -jxf eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
$cd eaccelerator-0.9.5
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
$make
$sudo make install
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

將下面代碼加入php.ini文件中
extension = eaccelerator.so
; eAccelerator
eaccelerator.shm_size = "16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir = "/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable = "1"
eaccelerator.optimizer = "1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime = "1"
eaccelerator.debug = "0"
eaccelerator.filter = ""
eaccelerator.shm_max = "0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl = "0"
eaccelerator.prune_period = "0"
eaccelerator.shm_only = "0"
eaccelerator.compress = "1"
eaccelerator.compress_level = "9"

建立緩存目錄,重啓apache

$sudo mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
$sudo chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator
$sudo /usr/local/apache/apachectl restart

在phpinfo()檢查是否安裝成功.

三、安裝配置XCache

XCache做爲國人本身開發的東西，作小菜鳥的我也感到驕傲，並且XCache不管在速度仍是性能上都作的不錯。下面就趕忙讓咱們品嚐它吧！

$wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.2.2/xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
$tar xvzf xcache-1.2.2.tar.gz
$cd xcache-1.2.2
$/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
$./configure –enable-xcache –enable-xcache-coverager –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/php-config
$make
$sudo make install
$sudo mv /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/PECL

在php.ini添加配置信息：

extension = xcache.so
; xcache
xcache.admin.user = "admin"
xcache.admin.pass = "(執行) echo ’(你的密碼)’|md5sum(得出的密文)"
;
xcache.size = 24M
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.count = 2
xcache.slots = 8k
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0

xcache.var_size = 8M
xcache.var_count = 1
xcache.var_slots = 8k
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = Off
;
xcache.coverager = On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""

建立緩存目錄，重啓apache

$sudo mkdir /tmp/xcache
$sudo chmod 777 /tmp/xcache
$sudo /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart

去查看phpinfo()信息吧！

3、PHP加速器測試

一、測試環境

硬件: AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual Core Processor 4400+ @ 2.2GHz CPU, 2GB 內存. 160GB SATA 硬盤

軟件: Linux Ubuntu server Gutsy 7.10, Apache 2.2.4, MySQL 5.0.45 和 PHP 5.2.3

測試指令: ab -c5 -n3000 http://example.com/ (咱們使用的是Apache Benchmark (ab) 工具，併發鏈接爲5，3000次請求)

二、測試結果

無任何加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 288.255212 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 10.41 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 480.425 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 96.085 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 226.23 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.5 0 19
Processing: 181 479 186.0 444 1822
Waiting: 166 461 184.7 427 1708
Total: 181 479 186.0 444 1822
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 444
66% 525
75% 577
80% 619
90% 732
95% 819
98% 946
99% 1012
100% 1822 (longest request)

APC加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 98.530068 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 30.45 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 164.217 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 32.843 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 661.84 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 2
Processing: 58 163 71.2 155 2452
Waiting: 53 158 69.6 150 2329
Total: 58 163 71.2 155 2452
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 155
66% 178
75% 193
80% 204
90% 235
95% 258
98% 285
99% 302
100% 2452 (longest request)

eAccelerator加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 95.983986 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 31.26 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 159.973 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 31.995 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 679.39 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.1 0 3
Processing: 57 159 91.3 148 3830
Waiting: 50 152 89.8 142 3704
Total: 57 159 91.3 148 3830
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 148
66% 174
75% 193
80% 205
90% 239
95% 263
98% 289
99% 309
100% 3830 (longest request)

XCache加速器:

Document Path: /
Document Length: 21757 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 99.76300 seconds
Complete requests: 3000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 66777000 bytes
HTML transferred: 65271000 bytes
Requests per second: 30.28 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 165.127 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 33.025 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 658.19 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 2
Processing: 59 164 83.4 155 3367
Waiting: 52 156 66.4 148 1802
Total: 59 164 83.4 155 3367
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 155
66% 178
75% 196
80% 206
90% 237
95% 263
98% 287
99% 305
100% 3367 (longest request)

三、結果摘要

	請求時間(秒)	單次請求時間(毫秒)	最大內存佔用(MB)	最小內存佔用(MB)
None	10.41	96.08	24	24
APC	30.45	32.84	21	21
eAccelerator	31.26	31.99	23	18
XCache	30.28	33.02	29	19